4个石榴品种叶表皮特征电镜扫描分析

[目的]为石榴品种的分类及亲缘关系的研究与应用提供依据。[方法]用扫描电镜对4个石榴品种叶片表皮结构进行比较观察。[结果]所观察的4种石榴叶片上表皮结构相似,呈波纹网状结构;下表皮存在较显著的差别,细胞的形状、大小和排列方式以及气孔的密度不甚相同;叶脉结构极为相似。[结论]该研究在一定程度上为石榴的杂种优势提供了形态学上的依据。     

竹柏属和罗汉松属叶输导组织的观察(英文)

The conducting tissue structure of transverse and longitudinal sections was observed on leaves of Podocarpus and Nageia.Results showed:in Podocarpus leaves,there is only one midrib,the xylem tracheid of midrib vascular bundle is multi-form,transfusion tissue belongs to Cycas-type and transfusion tracheids are isodiametric,the accessory transfusion tracheids between palisade tissue and sponge tissue are developed;in Nageia leaves,there are plenty of parallel leaves,the xylem tracheids of each vein are relatively simple,transfusion tissue belongs to Taxus-type and transfusion tracheids are longer in longitudinal section than that in transverse section,the accessory transfusion tissue between palisade tissue and sponge tissue is absent.Considering other differences that in leaves of Podocarpus there are three resin ducts under vascular bundle of midrib,mesophyll cells are differentiated into palisade tissue and sponge tissue;in leaves of Nageia,there is only one resin duct under vascular bundle in each vein and no obvious differentiation in mesophyll cells,palisade tissue can be found on both sides,and sclereids can also be found in mesophyll tissue.The anatomical differences of leaf veins and mesophylls between Nageia and Podocarpus mentioned above support the viewpoint that Nageia and Podocarpus are two independent genera.     

燕山东段6种花灌木叶表皮特征电镜观察

利用扫描电镜观察了燕山东段6种旱生花灌木的叶表皮特征。结果表明:①叶底珠、三裂绣线菊的上、下表皮均无表皮毛分布;毛樱桃、花木蓝、孩儿拳头和小花溲疏上、下表皮均有表皮毛分布。②孩儿拳头的上、下表皮都有气孔分布;毛樱桃、叶底珠、三裂绣线菊、花木蓝和小花溲疏的气孔仅分布在下表皮。③毛樱桃、叶底珠、三裂绣线菊和花木蓝的气孔下陷;孩儿拳头和小花溲疏气孔不下陷。④花木蓝的上、下表皮细胞表面平缓;小花溲疏的上、下表皮细胞凹凸明显;叶底珠和三裂绣线菊的上表皮细胞凹凸明显;毛樱桃和孩儿拳头的下表皮细胞凹凸明显。     

4种禾本科小麦族植物微观形貌特征的比较(英文)

[Objective] This study was to investigate the difference in microscopic features of pollen grain and stoma of four triticeae species, as well as the relationship between the sizes of pollen grain and stoma, and the chromosome ploidy. [Method] Comparison of the micro-morphological characteristics of pollen grain and leaf epiderm among diaploid Thinopyrum elongatum, Elytrigia intermedia, hexaploid Triticum aestivum and octoploid Tritielytrigia types were carried out by observation under scanning electronic microscope(SEM). [Result] There were some differences among the four species in the micro-morphology, the size, the surface protuberance, the germ pore of pollen grain and the leaf epidermal stoma, in which diploid Thinopyrum elongatum was obviously different from the other three. Diploid, hexaploid and octoploid species of triticeae had remarkable differences in micro-morphological characteristics of pollen grain and stoma. However, some differences between hexaploid species and octoploid species were not significant. [Conclusion] Some microscopic characteristics of pollen grain and stoma could be used as the evidence to identify diaploid, hexaploid and octoploid spieces whose chromosome ploidy are hugely different.     

中国28种卫矛属植物叶表皮细胞的电镜扫描观察

使用扫描电子显微镜对中国28种卫矛属植物的叶表皮细胞进行观察,观察对象包括细胞界限、细胞形状、垂周壁样式、角质膜形态。结果表明,叶表皮细胞形态特征在属内存在多种类型,荚迷卫矛、隐刺卫矛等13种的叶上、下表皮细胞形态具有差别,不支持经典分类学中属下5个组的划分,亲缘关系相近的种通常具有同类型的叶表皮细胞形态特征,支持蒙自卫矛、刺猬卫矛作为独立的种存在。     

短叶罗汉松叶结构的发育过程研究(英文)

The leaf development of Podocarpus macrophyllus var.maki Endl.started from the leaf primordium formed by the cell division in shoot apical meristem.During the leaf development,three resin canals from the inferior part of vascular bundles firstly began to differentiate,then protoxylem in vascular bundles differentiated from adaxial side to abaxial side.Meanwhile,a layer of parenchyma cells from the inferior part of protoderm developed into the sclerenchyma,which played an important role in supporting young leaves.When xylem became mature basically,transfusion tissue,phloem and accessory transfusion tissue began to differentiate,so mesophyll tissue finally differentiated into developmental palisade cells and sponge cells.The thicker cuticle was formed in the lateral side of epidermal cells at the same time of differentiation and development for the inner structure of leaves.Therefore,the developmental palisade cells and the cuticle in the leaf structure of Podocarpus macrophyllus var.maki Endl.is greatly significant for photosynthesis and transpiration when it grows in arid and cold regions.     

黑尾叶蝉几种感器的电镜扫描观察

为进一步探索黑尾叶蝉的行为,以利用其行为调节防治黑尾叶蝉,采用扫描电镜对黑尾叶蝉雌雄成虫触角、复眼、单眼和前足跗节外部感器形态进行了观察和研究。结果表明,黑尾叶蝉雌雄成虫触角上存在毛形感器和鳞形感器共2种感器,复眼、单眼和前足跗节上存在毛形感器,雌雄成虫各部位感器的类型和分布无明显差异。同时,描述了各种感器的形态特征和着生规律,并对其主要生理功能进行了分析和讨论。     

5种蔷薇科植物叶表皮特征的扫描电镜观察

[目的]研究5种蔷薇科植物叶下表皮特征。[方法]在扫描电子显微镜下对蔷薇科5种植物粉枝梅、棣棠花、日本樱花、蛇莓、中国樱桃进行观察,并对其下表皮细胞、气孔器的长宽比、形状,及下表皮细胞的垂周壁式样进行分析。[结果]蔷薇科5种植物叶表皮细胞多为不规则形和多边形,气孔器类型多为无规则型和放射形细胞状。[结论]叶表皮微形态在一定程度上能反映出不同类群间的关系,为探讨蔷薇科植物的分类学问题提供了新的依据。     

葛仙米表层结构的扫描电子显微镜观察(英文)

[Objective]The experiment aimed to explore a new way for observing surface structure of Nostoc sphaeroides Kutzing. [Method] The scanning electron microscope was used to observe the epidermal ultrastructure of wild and cultured Nostoc sphaeroides Kutzing. [Result] The epidermis of wild and cultured Nostoc sphaeroides Kutzing showed mixture structure of fibril colloid which was reticular arranged. The difference between wild and cultured Nostoc sphaeroides Kutzing was that the outer epidermis of cultured Nostoc sphaeroides Kutzing had trichome distribution but the wild Nostoc sphaeroides Kutzing did not has such distribution. The obsevation results of under smaller than 10 μm by scanning electron microscope was touched thick and showed many folds and distortions.[Conclusion] The scanning electron microscope was an effective way to study development of Nostoc sphaeroides Kutzing colony and it was worth popularizing.     

叉蕨科6种植物叶表皮特征的观察

利用光学显微镜对叉蕨科(Aspidiaceae)4属6种植物的叶表皮特征进行观察.结果表明:它们的表皮细胞为不规则型,表皮细胞垂周壁呈浅波状或深波状;具6种气孔器类型,即极细胞型、聚合极细胞型、腋下细胞型、聚腋下细胞型、不等细胞型和无规则四细胞型,在气孔器组成上具多型现象,气孔为下生型;气孔指数相近;上、下表皮细胞中含有针晶或单晶;但6种叉蕨科植物在表皮细胞大小、表皮毛的有无、气孔大小和气孔密度、晶体的类型上存在一定的差异.     

4种山茶属植物花粉形态的扫描电子显微观察

为了给山茶属植物的研究提供孢粉学资料,验证花粉形态在植物识别与鉴定应用中的可行性,应用扫描电子显微镜对山茶科山茶属4种植物的花粉表面微形态进行了观察和研究。结果表明,4种山茶属植物花粉在形状、大小、P/E值和外壁纹饰等方面均存在明显的种间差异,其花粉外壁纹饰分属不同的类型:金花茶(Camellia nitidissima)网状,凹脉金花茶(Camellia impressinervis)近脑纹状(近蠕虫状纹饰),蒙自连蕊茶(Camellia forrestii)皱波状,贵州连蕊茶(Camellia costi)皱网状,其中,贵州连蕊茶的网脊上密布疣点(疣状突起),可能是一个进化特征;4种植物的P/E值和P值呈明显的正相关(r2=0.827 2),具有较大的P/E值和P值的两种连蕊茶组植物处于较高的进化地位,山茶属不同种植物花粉外壁纹饰和P/E值反映了物种间的差异,也反映出近缘物种间一定的进化和亲缘关系,可为组间分类及进化关系研究提供孢粉学依据。     

浙江榕属植物叶表皮和瘦果形态的扫描电镜观察

在扫描电子显微镜下观察了浙江产的12种（变种）榕属植物的叶表皮和瘦果形态。结果表明；叶下表皮均有气孔器，上表皮均未发现气孔器。气孔外拱盖内缘呈浅波状、啮齿状或平滑；叶表皮角质膜具浅波状细条纹、深波状粗条纹或具蠕虫状条纹；瘦果分为4个类型：脊条状纹饰，皱波状纹饰、乳头状纹饰和浅波状纹饰，上述特征在不同种之间都有一些差异，这些差异可作为区分种和变种的辅助特征。     

鸡双梳羽管螨扫描电镜的观察

本文报道了鸡双梳羽管螨在扫描电镜下的形态构造。发现了一些光学显微镜下无法观察到的细微结构：颚体上存在一个孔缘为三瓣的口孔；螯肢上有一对平行的宽约１μｍ的吸槽。     

葛仙米表层结构的扫描电子显微镜观察

近年来由于全球气候变化和土壤生态环境改变等原因导致葛仙米产量大大降低。现已有葛仙米室内规模批量培育生产,但室内培养的葛仙米在生长过程中容易发生破裂,且其群体韧性要比野生葛仙米群体弱、其所含蛋白质与维生素含量均比野生葛仙米低。因此,笔者运用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）观察野生葛仙米和室内规模葛仙米表层结构,了解两者的区别,同时为葛仙米表层结构观察找寻新方法。     

金边窗萤头部特征的扫描电镜观察

利用扫描电镜观察金边窗萤(Pyrocoelia analis Fabricius)成虫和幼虫头部的形态特征。结果表明:金边窗萤成虫复眼发达,口器退化;幼虫有一对发达且左右对称的3节触角,其口器发达,具有1对锋利的、向内弯曲的镰刀状上颚,及1对下颚须、1对下唇须和1对内颚叶。     

绣球菌菌丝体及担孢子的电镜观察

在真菌分类中,菌丝和孢子的显微特征是区分种的一个重要依据。本研究对绣球菌担孢子和菌丝进行电镜观察。结果表明：菌丝白色,粗细比较均匀,菌丝直径为1.40～2.12μm ,双核菌丝有明显的锁状联合现象;孢子近圆形至椭圆形,孢子大小为（3.1～4.4）μm ×（3.8～5.5）μm。此研究有助于绣球菌属的鉴别和分类。     

家蚕成虫触角感受器的扫描电镜观察

为了研究家蚕(Bombyxmori)成虫触角的外部形态及其感受器的种类和分布,利用扫描电子显微镜对家蚕成虫触角感器的形态特征进行了观察.结果表明,家蚕雌、雄蛾触角上存在7种感器,即毛形感器、短毛形感器、锥形感器、刺形感器、腔锥形感器、耳形感器和鳞形感器,其中腔锥形感器只存在于雄蛾触角上,毛形感器在雌雄触角中都最发达.该结果为家蚕的形态、生理和化学生态研究奠定了基础.