呼和浩特地区奶牛养殖场污染现状与防治

本文调查了呼和浩特地区奶牛粪便的污染情况,并分析了粪便污染的危害,提出了加强奶牛粪便污染的综合治理力度,制定畜牧业污染防治办法,完善和配套奶牛粪便的综合治理设施,实现奶牛粪便的资源化、减量化、无害化和生态化处理等措施。     

奶牛场粪便对环境的污染及处理

随着奶牛养殖业的发展．奶牛粪便污染问题日益突出。就奶牛场粪便对空气、水源和土壤等的污染及产生原因和开发处理进行探讨．促进绥德县奶牛养殖业得到可持续发展。     

关于牛粪再利用的探讨

随着养牛业的快速发展，牛粪污染已经成为一大难题。据有关资料显示，在一些地区，牛粪对环境的污染已经超过了工业污染的水平，有的甚至高达2倍以上。一头奶牛每年产生的粪便在7t以上。由于人们对牛粪的处理重视不够，多数奶牛养殖场（小区、户）缺乏牛粪处理设施。牛粪处理的方式主要是乱堆乱放。     

规模化奶牛场粪便的无害化处理措施

随着养牛业规模化、集中化发展,牛粪资源化利用日益凸显。从奶牛养殖污染防治角度出发,阐述规模化牛场粪便污染现状,介绍了堆肥技术、发酵技术、沼气生态模式在牛场粪便污染处理中的应用,旨在为提高牛场粪便处理效率,为促进奶牛养殖业的健康、快速发展提供参考。     

奶牛粪便饲料资源化试验研究

随着我国规模化奶业的迅速发展．奶牛养殖产生的大量固体废弃物和有机废水已成为一些地区特别是大中城市郊区的主要污染源之一。统计结果显示．我国每年饲养各类畜禽170万头（只），畜禽粪便排放总量达到19亿t,其中奶牛粪便约为2．5亿t．而且相对集中。这对人类、其它生物以及奶牛自身生存环境的污染愈来愈严重。     

贵州喀斯特地区奶牛粪便对环境的污染及处理利用技术

从阐述喀斯特地区奶牛养殖场粪便治理的必要性入手,对生态循环利用模式下喀斯特地区奶牛粪便对环境的污染及其处理与利用技术进行了综述.     

浅谈规模奶牛养殖场的污染与治理

随着我国奶业产业化的快速发展和奶牛生产经营规模的扩大，奶牛养殖业在给乳品加工提供大量优质、安全原料奶．满足人们营养健康需求．促进社会经济发展的同时．也产生了大量的粪便废弃物和有机废水．对环境造成了严重污染。不但影响奶牛养殖业的经济效益和持续健康发展．而且直接影响生态效益和社会效益．影响人们的生活质量。奶牛养殖业的污染治理势在必行。     

奶牛产业生态环境存在的问题和解决措施

随着社会经济的不断发展和变化，农业和农村经济不断转型，畜牧业生产不断发展扩大，奶牛业生产呈现出快速发展的势头。超百头的奶牛场、多元化的奶牛园区不断发展和扩大，同时，由于农村经济的转型，有的村屯散养奶牛的数量也在发展变化。随着奶牛养殖的不断增多，随之而来的所产生的大量粪便、生产废弃物等给环境造成的污染问题也日益严重。     

新疆规模奶牛养殖场粪便资源化利用的几种典型模式

近几年我区奶牛养殖业规模化发展迅速,粪便污染问题日益严重。本文从奶牛规模养殖场粪便综合治理和资源化方面,选取了清洁回用、集中收集、种养结合、生物基质利用等4种较为典型的处理模式进行简介,以期为我区奶牛养殖户粪便污染综合防治及资源化利用提供有益参考。     

奶牛养殖场存在的环境污染问题及控制措施

随着我国经济的发展和人民生活水平的不断提高,人们对乳制品的需求量不断增加,极大地促进了奶牛养殖业发展。奶牛养殖产生的粪便、污水等污染物给环境造成的污染也变得越来越严重。本文分析了奶牛养殖场存在的环境污染问题,并对环境污染的控制提出了一些建议。     

维生素E对家禽繁殖机能影响的研究

维生素E作为饲料添加剂在畜牧业中的利用越来越广泛。本文从维生素E对家禽产蛋、受精、孵化、精液品质、生殖器官及生殖激素分泌方面的影响作综述,旨在为维生素E对家禽繁殖机能影响的探究提供理论依据。     

Ovariectomy as treatment for granulosa cell tumor in a heifer

A granulosa cell tumor in a 15-month-old heifer was associated with abnormal udder development, relaxation of the pelvic ligaments, and nymphomanic behavior. After surgical removal of the tumor, the anatomic changes were reversed, and the nymphomanic behavior subsided. The heifer conceived 3 times thereafter and became a productive dairy cow. In previously reported cases of granulosa cell tumor, ovariectomy was unsuccessful in returning the cow to normal breeding.     

奶牛鲜粪便燃烧值变化规律试验研究

随着我国畜牧业的快速发展,畜禽粪便已成为污染环境的重要污染源之一。采用多因素随机区组试验设计法,采集华北北部奶牛养殖基点的48个鲜粪便样,经过化验、统计分析,结果：华北北部奶牛鲜粪便燃烧值变动范围2.161~4.221 MJ/kg,海拔、季节、养殖模式、奶牛组别四因素对其影响不显著,且四因素间不存在互作;华北北部奶牛鲜粪便含水率变化范围为75%~83.88%之间,海拔、奶牛组别两因素对其影响达显著水平,而因素互作中季节和奶牛组别互作效果显著;鲜粪便燃烧值与其含水率存有一定负相关性。这对促进奶牛鲜粪便资源再利用新技术研究,以解决当前集约化奶牛养殖中鲜粪便对环境污染难题、构建和谐社会具有深远意义。     

畜禽良种繁育技术及其应用的经济学思考

畜禽良种在畜牧产业发展中发挥核心作用,是区域畜牧业发展的物质基础,也是各国畜牧业科技竞争的焦点。现代畜禽良种繁育技术是由一系列技术组成的技术群,在畜牧业生产中的应用有助于提升优质种畜禽使用效率,加快区域畜禽养殖的良种化进程,提高畜禽生产性能。介绍了主要畜禽良种繁育技术及在我国的应用现状,分析了现代畜禽良种繁育技术对畜禽群体饲草料转化效率及良种选育效率的影响,从经济学视角探讨了现代畜禽良种繁育技术与养殖场投入及产出的关系,以期为我国建立现代畜禽良种繁育体系提供参考。     

中国奶牛养殖模式及效益分析

中国奶牛养殖正由数量增长向质量增长方式转变,目前我国奶牛养殖仍以奶牛饲养小区为主体（集中饲养地、集中挤奶、统一防疫、分户管理、分户结算）,奶牛养殖小区农户养殖的奶牛总数占全国总存栏的70％以上,这对我国奶牛养殖业发展产生巨大影响,暴露出很多问题,必须向现代养殖模式转型,转型的主要方向是适度规模的家庭式奶牛场或股份合作制奶牛场,与其他大中型奶牛场一起成为我国现代奶牛场养殖组织模式,用5年时间使我国成乳牛胎泌乳量达到7 000 kg/头,实现奶牛养殖业发展以质量型发展为主,通过奶牛养殖模式转型促进我国奶牛养殖业可持续健康发展.     

鸡抗球虫病的研究进展

随着分子生物学和基因工程的发展,减少疾病损失、提高畜禽产品质量、实施无公害生产的抗病育种研究已成为趋势。文章就目前鸡球虫病的防制现状,鸡球虫病预防的药物和疫苗的研究开发,特别是对鸡球虫病抗病育种研究进展进行了综述。尽管鸡球虫病的预防目前仍以药物和疫苗为主,但从长远来看,通过鸡球虫病的抗病育种,从而培育抗病鸡新品种或新品系将成为疾病防控的新途径。     

区域畜禽养殖潜力评价方法与应用研究——基于种养平衡视角分析

种养平衡是区域畜牧业发展的重要趋势之一,测算区域畜禽养殖潜力将成为各地区畜牧业发展的重要工作。本文基于种养平衡理念,认为区域畜禽养殖潜力是植物粪肥养分需要量扣除掉畜禽粪肥养分生产量后的数值空间,并利用此方法测算了吉林省松原市5个县市的畜禽养殖潜力。结果表明:按照粪肥提供氮素占总氮素15%的比例来计算,松原市可容纳的畜禽粪污总量约为3.80万t,目前的养殖数量已经占用2.88万t,还有0.92万t的养殖空间,但个别县市畜禽养殖潜力已经接近极限。提高农户粪肥施用比例,区域畜禽养殖潜力将有很大的增加空间,如果减少猪而增加其他畜禽养殖也能提供养殖空间。北方区域畜禽养殖规模增长必须充分考虑种养平衡的关系,畜禽养殖潜力不大的区域不宜盲目增加养殖规模。     

应用HACCP体系控制畜禽养殖过程中的安全危害

畜禽养殖业建立HACCP体系以确保畜产品安全是大势所趋,结合我国畜牧业在国内外市场的形势就畜禽养殖业中建立HACCP体系的必要性进行探讨,运用HACCP原理对畜禽养殖过程中的安全危害进行分析,提出了安全危害的控制措施,并确定了养殖过程中的关键控制点及关键限值的监控措施.     

Nutrition and the development of replacement heifers

Does the system work? After having been on a controlled heifer replacement program for 3 to 5 years, the entire herd will develop a short calving season resulting in more weaned calf weight per cow exposed to breeding. Wiltbank has reported on the advantage of feeding heifers for a selected target weight at breeding. Two groups of Brahman-cross heifers were fed to weigh 600 or 700 lbs at the beginning of the breeding season. They were pastured and fed similarly from breeding through weaning their first calves. The heifers that weighted 700 lb at breeding weaned 86 lb more calf per heifer exposed. They bred earlier and more became pregnant. The return above feed costs after 2 years breeding was $52 greater for the heavier heifers. Obviously, the benefits continue through subsequent calvings, emphasizing the importance of managing the replacement heifers for 3 years, through their second breeding and calving.     

Challenges and opportunities to livestock breeding programmes in India

Animal breeding in India has a long and chequered history. High pressure on agricultural land and increasing human population opened a new opportunity for the livestock and poultry sector as a promising food industry. Productivity of livestock in India is low due to less coverage of livestock under structured breeding programmes, inadequate nutrition and its entanglement with several socio‐economic issues. A bottom‐up approach to breeding policy formulation addressing local needs is required with assured flow of investments. Cattle slaughter is banned in India; hence, a legal policy to curb widespread indiscriminate mating is required which may incur substantial financial and infrastructural burdens for castration of stray males and strengthening of cow rehabilitation centres. Genetic evaluation of indigenous cattle with progeny testing (PT) requires substantial financial support, without affecting the already existing PT for exotic cattle breeds used in the local cross‐breeding programmes and PT of new genotypes obtained from crosses of exotic and local breeds of cattle and for purebred buffaloes. Small ruminants need special attention due to their socio‐economic importance in rural and often highly disadvantaged communities and because they are the second most important meat‐producing species after poultry. Genetic improvement of small ruminants should be accompanied by attention to shrinking grazing resources which would require strong political will together with financial support. The outreach of breeding programmes for small ruminants is currently limited; there is also a lack of linkage between the market and producers that discourages farmers from adopting clear breeding objectives like improvement in growth rate, as animals are seldom sold on weight basis. Apart from government agencies, involvement of private sector, non‐government organizations, local co‐operatives, self‐help groups and self‐sustainable community‐based breeding programmes can strengthen market linkages. Strengthening of the existing infrastructure along with technical input and skilled manpower is essential for achieving the breeding objectives.