Analytical and Calculative Method of Stability of MingShan Landslide in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area

After the dam of the Three Gorges is built, the raising water will inevitably cause the revival of the part of ancient landslide and the generation of new landslide ,which will influence the town development and traffic safety in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area. In the light of the specific conditions of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, this paper, taking Fengdu's MingShan landslide in Chongqing for an example, has considered ten typical calculative projects, offered the correspondent load systems acting on the sliding mass and put forward the analytical and calculative method to evaluate the stability of a landslide. The ten typical calculative projects include dry season(natural state), raining season (rainstorm or rain for a long period of time), dry season and water level (175m ) of the reservoir, raining season and water level (175 m) of the reservoir, dry season and earthquake, raining season and earthquake, dry season and water level (175 m ) of the reservoir and earthquake, raining season and water level (175 m) of the reservoir and earthquake, dry season and water level lowered from 175 m to 145 m, raining seasons and water level lowered from 175 m to 145 m, and so on.     

Ecological Restoration Planning and Design of Campus River:a Case study of the Qiusuo Brook in China Three Gorges University

In view of the seriously-polluted water and broken eco-waterscapes in the Qiusuo Brook on campus of China Three Gorges University,this paper proposed the ecological restoration concept and mode of campus river according to field investigation and monitoring results,i.e. "reduce exogenous pollution—restore sediment microorganism—build intensified plant filter strip—build river water ecosystem and optimize landscapes—maintain ecological river course".In addition to introducing the design concept and principle of this mode,this paper specified the concrete projects such as sewage interception and water supplement,restoration of sediment microorganism,restoration of water plants,ecological restoration of embankment etc.,and also gave planar layouts and sketches of some projects,in order to provide references for the researches and practices of campus river ecological restoration in China Three Gorges University and other similar projects.     

THE APPLICATION OF TNE SPATIALLY MECHANICAL THEORY OF ROBOT

A kinematic simulation model has been designed for a cantilever manipulator ofhydraulic exacvator and the kinematic performance of a 20 t hydraulic excavator' s cantilever ma-nipulator is simulated on IBM-PC/XT microcomputer.     

RATIONAL DETERMINATION OF TNE BEAM AND COLUMN CROSS-SECTIONAL SIZES OF THE FRAME STRUCTURE IN A EARTHQUAKE ZONE

At the preliminary design stage of a building, it is neccssary to determine thebeam and column cross-sectional sizes of frame strtictures.According to some provisions of the"Building Aseismatic Design Code"(GBJ 11-89),main factors having influence on the beam andcolumn cross-sectional sizes are analyzed.and calculating formulas for the determination of the beam and column cross-sectional sizes which are satisfied the restrained condition of horizontal dis-placement of a building are derived in this paper.     

APPLICATION OF AFUZZY DECISION IN TNE SELECTION OF ENGINEERING CONSTRUCTION SCHEME

Tnis paper analyses the construction scheme alternative of form systems of high-rise dwelling wall with fuzzy mathematics method,This idea,concentration method is put forward byBlin and it corresponds with engineering facts.     

从云北灌区剖析忻定盆地治碱的经济效益

本文对已建的一个中型灌区工程效益进行了全面的、系统的分析,收集了排水改碱和灌溉工程三十三年来实际投资和效益材料,采用了静态和动态两种分析方法,不仅看出了忻定盆地治碱的潜力大、成本低、效益高,而且其方法也可供同类工程进行经济分析时参考.     

基于农户意愿的三峡库区消落带弃耕经济补贴标准估算及影响因素分析

目前在三峡库区消落带耕种行为给三峡库区带来生态环境恶化,通过经济补贴让农户弃耕可以防治库区生态环境恶化。采用意愿调查法,对库区消落带沿岸农户进行随机入户调查。以农户受偿意愿为依据,估算经济补贴标准,并分析影响补贴意愿值的因素。分析统计数据得出：（1）农户对消落带土地依赖性很强,72.1%的农户在消落带土地上有农作行为;（2）农户对消落带生态环境问题感知度高,94.7%的农户愿意接受经济补贴放弃消落带耕地;（3）对农户的补贴意愿值进行加权求平均值得到549.7元/年·户的受偿平均值;（4）农户补贴意愿值与消落带耕地面积呈显著正相关。     

Harmonious Town Development in Wujiang River Basin and Three Gorges Area

The relations between construction of Three Gorges Project and development of Wujiang River Basin are illustrated from three aspects. The importance of harmonious township development in Wujiang River Basin and Three Gorges Area is discussed and the strategies for harmonious development are proposed. Firstly, to promote the hydroelectric power development of the stream and accelerate the urbanization of Wujiang River Basin; next, establish rational urban system structure to realize the regional harmonious development within Three Gorges Area. Detailed proposition is given in this paper to establish the spatial relations between Wujiang River Basin and Three Gorges Area and further suggestion is put forward to perform research on urbanization and urban systems in these areas.     

Design of Reef- blasting Project and Analysis of Regulation Effect for Fuling to Tongluo Canyon Reach in Three Gorges Reservoir Region

After the completion of the Three Gorges project,the navigation conditions of the reservoir region will be improved evidently,which has laid the foundation for straight run of the 10,000-ton-class fleet to Chongqing Port,and is the promotion of the development of shipping in Yangtze River.But according to the standard of the 10,000-ton-class fleet,there are still some reaches of the reservoir region can not meet the requirements of the waterway on smooth and safe navigation.Therefore,some regulation measures should be adopted to eliminate these obstructions.It is one of the important parts in the reservoir region waterway regulation work for the Fuling to Tongluo canyon reach blasting project.30 reef obstacle blocks of 14 reaches in this project were removed by blasting.Based on the analysis of obstruct features of various rocks,according to the standard of the 10,000-ton-class fleet,the design parameters and blasting regulation program were put forward,and the regulation effect is analyzed and forecasted.     

Applicationg of Ultraviolet Spectrophometry to Determination of Total Nitrogen in the Three Gorges Reservior

The eutrophication of water body will destroy the balance of ecological environment.To determine the total nitrogen content in water body exactly,is one of the most important evaluating indicators that whether the water body has been polluted by eutrophication or not.After the foundation of the Three Gorges Reservoir,current velocity lowers and it may result in the eutrophication of water body.In terms of the Lambert-Beer Law,the authors adopt potassium sulpersulphate oxidation-ultraviolet spectrophotometry to determine the total nitrogen content in the Three Gorges Reservoir.By analyzing a variety of possible factors,they bring forward a method to determine the total nitrogen which can be used in lab and also have high performance.With this improved method,the authors determine the factual water samples of the Three Gorges Reservoir in the main urban area of Chongqing,and the result is that the total nitrogen content is(0.6~1.0) mg/L,less than the limiting value(2.0 mg/L) in national standard.So the water body of the Three Gorges Reservoir still eutrophication does not take place.So eutrophication does not take place in water body of the Three(Gorges) Reservior.     

Study on Treatment and Utilization of Industrial Solid Wastes after Completion of Three Gorges Reservoir of Yangtze River

After completion of Three Gorges Reservoir at Yangtze River, protecting and improving the ecological environment of this area is becoming increasingly important factor in comprehensive progress of the economy and society of Chongqing City. The industrial solid wastes are one of the crucial factors influencing the environment quality of Three Gorges Area and they are also the hot and difficult problems influencing the development of economy and society of Chongqing City. At this point, firstly, the discharge, present situation, prospect and development of treatment and utilization of industrial wastes in Chongqing are summarized. Secondly, the experience at home and abroad are analyzed. Then, the way and foreground for recycling the wastes with new technology are also discussed. Finally, countermeasure for treatment and utilization of industrial solid wastes after completion of Three Gorges Reservoir at Yangtze River is brought up. The study on treatment and utilization technology of industrial solid wastes will be beneficial not only to the protection of ecological environment of Three Gorges Area, but to the development of new Chongqing City as well. In a word, it will have great environmental, social and economic benefits.     

Nonlinear Science and Control about the Geological Hazards in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area

Such the geological hazards as landslide, rockfall, debris-flow and so on frequently occur in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, so it is a very practical and immediate job to explore the mechanism caused the geological hazards and how to forecast and control the geological hazards. For this reason, this paper introduces the situation of the geological hazards occurred in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area and the major type and feature of the geological hazards occurred in Chongqing, and discusses the basic principle about the modern nonlinear science applied to the geological hazards and the creep-slip, stick-slip occurred on the joints of rock mass and the monitoring technology of the geological hazards.The basic thinking is put forward which can be applied the modern nonlinear science to the geological hazards occurred in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area.     

TNE EXPERIMBNT RESEARCH OF PT THIN FILM USED IN INFRARED DETECTOR

The preparation technology and thermal treatment PT thin film used in infrareddetector and photo-electron devices are studied. The er thin film prepared by multi-ion-beam reac-tive co-sputtering apparams are analysised by x-ray , XPS and EPMA. The impurity of PbO,Pb2Ti2O6 in PT thin film is eleminated and PbTiO3 (001)preferred orientation is improved. The rea-sonable teperature of substrates is given in this paper.     

Discussion on Water Environment Problems and WaterEnvironment Protection Countermeasure in Three Gorges Area

The present status of water environment in three gorges area of Yangtze River is analyzed in this paper.The importance to enhance water environment protection and ecology environment protection in Three Gorges area of Yangtze River is also discussed in this paper. Some suggestions about water environment protection and ecology environment protection in Three Gorges of Yangtze River are also provided . Finally, the environment constructional targets to let clear water mirror on Three Gorges area of Yangtze River again are put forward.     

One-dimensional Water Flow Modeling for Chongqing Region at Two Typical Storage Levels in the Three-Gorges Reservoir

The one-dimensional flow model based on Saint-Venant equation is developed.Then,it is applied to calculate the holistic hydraulic characteristics in the natural condition of the Three Gorges Reservoir in Chongqing region,which is the 500 km-long mainstream beginning at Cuntan and ending at the boundary of Chongqing.Further,the model is applied to predict the hydraulic characteristics of the calculating zone at the time of the second stage of the dam construction(156 m storage level at the dam) and the completion of the project(175 m storage level at the dam).When the reservoir is operated at the storage level of 156m,the river-width of most corss-section increasing 2 times and the cross-section average velocity is reduced by 2/3 compared with these in the natural condition.When the reservoir is operated at the storage level of 175 m,the river-width of most cross-section increasing 2.5 times and the cross-section average velocity is reduced by 3/4 compared with these in the natural condition.The validating result indicates that the model properly reflectes the holistic hydraulic characteristics.This model is an effective tool for the assessment of the environmental impacts of the Three Gorges operated at the different storage level.     

Present Situation and Countermeasure of Water Pollution in Yulin River, Yubei District, Chongqing

Yulin River is the major secondary stream of Three Gorges Reservoir Area. According to the requirement of "The Prevention Plan of Water Pollution in Three Gorges Reservoir Area and the Upper Areas (2001-2010)", the water environment pollution in Yulin River valley should be controlled. In this paper the reason of the water pollution is analyzed through investigation and evaluation on the present situation of Yulin River in North Chongqing area, and then a proposal on the prevention and cure measure of water pollution of Yulin River is presented.     

周期性淹水对消落区水土环境的影响及控制对策

三峡库区消落区生态脆弱,在水土交互作用下消落区土壤母岩风化成土进度加快、土壤侵蚀加剧、土壤氮磷等营养物质及重金属大量溶出,其中N、P、COD和重金属是主要的溶出因子,淹没的耕地是主要的污染源。成库初期消落区生态脆弱性增强、水土流失加剧、地质灾难增加、岸边污染加重,尤其在水流缓慢的库湾将会出现局部的富营养化现象;随着消落区稳定的库岸湿地生态系统的形成,水土耦合呈现正的环境效应。为了尽快构建健康的消落区生态系统,防止三峡库区消落区水土环境的退化,必须加强和发挥政府宏观调控职能、建立消落区土地保护区域、推广复合生态技术并做好库区污染防治与修复工作。     

三峡黄金旅游带旅游资源评价及开发研究

通过层次分析法、模糊赋分法对三峡工程蓄水后三峡黄金旅游带（重庆段）主要自然、人文景点（区）资源进行评价,并分析了旅游资源结构、开发价值及空间组合特点。在旅游带的旅游资源结构中,自然资源起着基础作用,人文景观为重要组成部分;在空间组合上可分为都市成片旅游区和沿江点状旅游区。基于上述评价结果,文章提出关于了三峡黄金旅游带旅游资源开发的一些思路。     

Relationship Between pH Value of the Water and Release Silt Bottom of Nitrogen & Phosphate in the Three Gorges

By experimental study of release characteristics bottom silt of total nitrogen (TN) & total phosphate (TP) in the Three Gorges, the influence and cause of pH value to Three Gorges bottom silt TN & TP release are analyzed. pH values is between 3.98 to 11.05 the release capacity of TN & TP reaches maximal in 3 days and pH values is between 11.05 to 11.94 the release capacity of TN reaches maximal in the 3 days. While pH value between 11.05 to 11.94, the release capacity of TP reaches maximal in 1 days; If pH value is lowered, the maximal release capacity of TN is enhanced: The maximal release capacity of TP basically has no changes on the condition of pH values between 3.98 and 10.07, but its maximal release capacity rises extremely obvious if pH value is between 10.07 to 11.05. At the same time, the existence of latent danger of the Three Gorges bottom silt TN & TP to water quality is explained, and the basis of eutrophication treatment in the aspects control of N & P nutrients for theThree Gorges is supplied.     

Protection and Ecological Restoration of Water Level Fluctuation Zone in the Three Gorges Reservoir

Water level fluctuation zone(hereinafter referred to as "WLFZ") is a transitional ecosystem between terrestrial ecosystem and aquatic ecosystem,and also a key area to control its neighboring terrestrial and aquatic ecosystem. After the Three Gorges Reservoir was put into use,ecological environment of its WLFZ has aroused wide concern from domestic and foreign experts. On the basis of introducing characteristics of WLFZ of the Three Gorges Reservoir,current ecological environment and main problems of this area were analyzed,plant selection and configuration was elaborated as well as the implementation effect of many WLFZ protection and ecological restoration modes. In view of the actual conditions,pertinent suggestions were proposed for WLFZ of the Three Gorges Reservoir,namely classified protection and ecological restoration,enhancing monitoring and assessment of current situation and change tendency,carrying out technical researches and demonstration of WLFZ wetland ecological restoration.