敖汉苜蓿、沙打旺种子田生产模式试验

内蒙古赤峰市敖汉旗两大主要牧草品种敖汉苜蓿、沙打旺可以在退耕还草、防风治沙中发挥重要作用。敖汉旗全旗草地总面积24万hm^2，其中人工草地8．13万hm^2，每年可为我国畜牧业发展提供2亿kg的优质牧草和l000～1500t的优质牧草种子。该旗具备无霜期长、降水集中、热量丰富、雨热同期等良好的自然条件，十分适合发展人工种草和牧草种子生产。     

河西盐渍化沙地沙打旺引种栽培试验

通过田间试验表明:沙打旺生育期177 d,从第2年开始能收少量种子;沙打旺由于花期长,种子成熟不一致,应适时收种;第1年有少量分枝,第2年分枝数12.6,第3年分枝数22.3;产草量高,第2年产草量22 000 kg/hm2,第3年产草量3 8000 kg/hm2,宜在花期以前刈割利用;沙打旺再生能力比苜蓿弱,二茬草高度只有46 cm;沙打旺根系发达,抗旱、抗寒、耐瘠薄、竞争力强,能形成单一郁闭群落。沙打旺为中等耐盐植物,耕作层土壤含盐量在0.655%以下时,植株生长正常,达到0.836%时,植株生长受到抑制,达到0.96%时,种子不能发芽。     

紫花苜蓿和沙打旺包衣配方研究

在实验室内利用种子丸衣化技术处理2种豆科牧草在土壤含水量较低的砂土上做盆栽试验。试验证明,利用硅藻土作填料的包衣配方,在干旱条件下萌发后能够提高丸衣化牧草种子的出苗率。试验结果表明,配方中含5%和2%吸水剂的紫花苜蓿Medicago sativa和沙打旺Astragalus adsurgens种子发芽时间均比对照提前2~4 d,配方中含5%吸水剂的紫花苜蓿和沙打旺种子出苗率均高于对照,紫花苜蓿增加50%,沙打旺增加37%。配方中含5%吸水剂的包衣种子出苗率最高,而含2%吸水剂的包衣种子配方最实用。     

杂花沙打旺种子生产技术模式试验

杂花沙打旺(Astragalns adsurgens Pall.cv.Zahua)是全国牧草品种审定委员会审定登记的牧草品种。该品种是在早熟沙打旺基础上育成的,具有抗旱、抗寒、对土壤要求不严、早熟和产量稳定等特性。为了获得优质高产的种子,我们在呼市地区进行了大面积生产试验,旨在组装配套出杂花沙打旺种子生产过程的优化技术模式。     

催芽牧草种子的播种

<正> 大多数优良牧草的种子很小,一般播种深度为0.6～2.0厘米。种子周围土壤的含水量是影响出苗的一个决定性因素。在发芽和出苗期,牧草种子必须在湿土中保持若干天。但上部2厘米土层仅在一天内便干到凋萎点。因此加快种子发芽和出苗过程,可促进牧草建植。本项研究的目的是确定:(a)催芽牧草种子的出苗是否比未处理(干种)的多;(b)保证成功的催芽程度;(c)因受旱未出苗的种子再灌水是否还会出苗?     

沙打旺

沙打旺又叫直立黄芪、麻豆秧、薄地强、苦草、地丁等。沙打旺栽培种原产于我国的黄河故道地区,即江苏北部和山东、河南、河北的部分地区,其野生种斜茎黄芪在我国的东北、华北、西北和西南地区均有分布。 (一)特征特性 沙打旺为豆科黄芪属多年生草本植物,株高10～20米,全株被丁字形茸毛,主根粗而长,侧根较多,主要分布在20～30厘     

优良牧草品种简介(四)

15沙打旺--用于治理沙化土地 沙打旺是豆科多年生优质牧草,又名直立黄芪.株高50～110厘米,适应性强,耐寒、耐贫瘠、耐盐、抗旱、抗风沙的能力强.在寸草不生的瘠薄地上,它能生长出强大的根系,长出很茂盛的茎叶.固沙能力特强,在播种当年,只要抓住苗不被风沙压住,就能正常生长,第二年除流动沙丘外,风刮不走,沙压不住,是改良荒山和固沙的优良牧草.     

盐胁迫下沙打旺种子的萌发特性

对不同盐胁迫条件下沙打旺种子的发芽率、发芽指数及幼苗根芽生长量等指标进行观测分析,探讨了盐胁迫影响种子萌发的因为.结果表明,随盐浓度升高,沙打旺种子发芽时间推后,发芽率降低,耐盐半致死浓度为235.25 mol/L,耐盐极限浓度为469.66 mol/L;低盐浓度胁迫在不同程度上可促进沙打旺种子的萌发.     

几种牧草种子发芽方法的试验研究

通过对几种牧草种子发芽方法的试验研究，找到了使种子发芽理想的处理方法。试验结果表明，新收获的披碱草、老芒麦种子采用0．2％硝酸钾溶液预冷处理，不但发芽理想，发芽势也高。采用0．2％硝酸钾溶液预冷处理的羊草种子发芽率比未处理的发芽率提高了50％左右。因此，温度在20～30℃条件下，羊草种子和新收获的披碱草、老芒麦种子采用0．2％硝酸钾溶液预冷处理的发芽方法较为理想，而小粒豆科牧草种子采用砂擦法处理发芽较好。     

沙打旺在昆明地区的引种栽培试验

2005～2006年在云南省昆明市进行沙打旺牧草引种栽培试验,对其农艺性状等方面进行评价,结果表明：沙打旺在亚热带地区秋季播种比春季播种好,且农艺性状,总体表现良好,能安全越冬;沙打旺苗期长达120d左右,且生长缓慢。为使沙打旺能正常生长,加强田间管理是关键。因此,试验主要通过引种栽培,以丰富云南省牧草结构,推动当地畜牧业的发展．     

白术、微米白术和白术多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道形态及微生态区系的影响

试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。     

Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia

Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Y‐chromosomal variation of local goat breeds of Turkey close to the domestication centre

Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.     

Changes in proportion of canine urinary calculi composed of calcium oxalate or struvite in specimens analyzed from 1981 through 2001

The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.     

Smart Phone Assisted City-scale Wireless Sensor Network Deployment for Transportation System Monitoring

<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems.