中国玉米产量潜力增进技术研究进展

为实现玉米产量潜力的进一步提高,结合玉米科研和高产开发实践就中国各玉米高产栽培技术研发阶段的具体技术、技术实质、技术创新点、高产攻关途径进行了分析探讨,明确了今后实现进一步玉米高产栽培攻关目标的技术途径。结果表明:在对玉米进行遗传改良的同时对玉米进行密植和营养(群体冠层的和土体的)同步改良是当代玉米高产开发中实现玉米产量潜力持续增进、实现玉米高产栽培攻关目标的根本途径。     

黄淮海地区夏玉米超高产研究技术探讨

综述了夏玉米高产攻关研究的产量及构成因素、灌浆、农艺性状、生理生化特征以及夏玉米高产机理的研究,分析了夏玉米高产攻关的难点和突破点,得出夏玉米高产攻关中应该重视水肥运筹,提高高产田块的重演性,深入分析超高产机理的研究,最终实现夏玉米连续超产,实现粮食安全。     

吉林省玉米高产栽培模式的探讨

玉米高产栽培是稳定新时期粮食安全的重要工作。本文首先简介了吉林省玉米生产的现状,以及构建玉米高产栽培模型的必要性。之后,文章经过分析提出了吉林省玉米高产栽培模式的构建的主要途径,包括:精细整地,构建玉米高产栽培的生长环境;科学选种,构建玉米高产栽培的生长基础;适量播种,构建玉米高产栽培的密度基础;恰当施肥,构建玉米高产栽培的营养基础。     

腾冲县明光镇杂交玉米高产创建成果及措施

介绍明光镇杂交玉米高产创建的成果,以及在实施部、省级杂交玉米高产创建项目过程中取得的玉米高产高效集成栽培技术成果,并阐述抓玉米高产创建工作采取的主要措施,以供参考。     

酒泉市肃州区玉米高产创建栽培技术

2010年肃州区开始实施玉米高产创建项目,经过3年的玉米高产创建活动,进一步优化了玉米高产栽培技术。从精细整地、科学施肥、选用良种、适期播种、合理密植、加强管理、病虫害防治、适时晚收等方面介绍了玉米高产创建栽培技术。     

玉米高产种植技术

近年来,我国对玉米作物的需求不断增加,甚至出现供不应求的状况。另外,市场的不良竞争也影响了玉米生产。所以,研究玉米种植现状、玉米高产种植、促进玉米优质高产成为当前我国玉米种植的重要课题。本文结合我国玉米种植现状,提出了玉米高产种植建议,以期促进玉米优质高产种植技术研发。     

旱地玉米高产栽培技术

本文主要结合山西省神池县的具体情况,讨论该地区旱地玉米的高产栽培技术,分析旱地玉米的生态适应性及影响旱地玉米高产的限制因子。旱地玉米高产栽培技术具体包括了深耕整地、合理密植、科学施肥、田间管理等内容,希望能够为旱地玉米的高产栽培提供一些有效帮助。     

丘北县玉米高产创建的现状及对策

针对当前玉米高产创建和安全问题,就丘北县玉米高产创建的现状、存在问题进行分析,提出了玉米高产创建的对策。     

优质小麦玉米高产栽培综合技术

通过选择优质高产的小麦品种和耐密紧凑型优质高产玉米品种,采取小麦玉米适期播种,科学合理施肥,施足基肥,各适期追肥,改革种植模式,小麦等行距播种、玉米麦后直播,小麦适时收获、玉米适时晚收技术等优质小麦玉米高产栽培综合技术,取得小麦玉米优质高产。     

高产玉米物质积累与分配的研究

为了研究高产玉米的物质积累和分配,选用先玉335高产玉米品种为试验材料,常规玉米种植为对照,研究了高产玉米各器官粗蛋白、籽粒粗淀粉等物质的动态变化以及成熟期生物产量分配。结果表明,与对照相比,高产玉米茎、叶中的干物质含量在8月中旬之前积累较快,之后逐渐向籽粒中转移,直到完熟期各器官干物质含量基本保持不变;在整个生长季,高产玉米籽粒淀粉含量高于对照,而粗蛋白含量则低于对照;从生物产量分配比例来看,高产玉米根、茎、叶、穗轴产量占整株生物产量的比例都低于对照。整体看来,高产玉米最适的收获时期是9月下旬的玉米蜡熟末期。     

Spatial Variability of Soil Properties, Corn Quality and Yield in Two Illinois, USA Fields: Implications for Precision Corn Management

Better understanding of within-field spatial variability of crop quality parameters and yield are needed for precision management of crops. This study was conducted to determine the magnitude of within-field variability in soil properties, corn (Zea mays L.) quality parameters and yield and to characterize their spatial structures. Another objective was to compare the effects of hybrid on corn quality, yield, and the spatial structure of grain quality. Four Pioneer hybrids were planted side-by-side, two in each of the two study fields in eastern Illinois, USA. Coefficients of variation (CV%) for soil properties varied from 6.3 (pH) to 56.8% (soil test P). All the soil properties (except pH at Site 2) displayed well-defined spatial structures, with either strong or moderate spatial dependence. Variability in corn quality and yield (CVs < 10%) was smaller than variability in soil properties. Most quality parameters examined at Site 1 exhibited either moderate or strong spatial dependence, except that corn oil (both hybrids), kernel roundness and weight (hybrid 33Y18) did not show any spatial correlation. Hybrid 33G26 had significantly higher yield and quality for most quality parameters than 33Y18 at Site 1. At Site 2, hybrid 34W67 was significantly lower in oil and protein content, length, roundness and vitreousness than 34K77, but higher in other quality parameters. Significant differences in spatial structures were also observed across hybrids for some corn quality parameters. We conclude that hybrid selection is an important strategy for precision management of corn for optimum yield and quality.     

春玉米中后期管理技术措施

为了改善玉米是田间管理,为了提高玉米的产量,满足人们对玉米日益增长的需求,本文针对春玉米中后期管理技术措施进行讨论。     

东北地区玉米高产栽培模式

本文针对东北地区玉米高产栽培模式进行分析,从玉米种植前的准备到田间管理,加强强化措施,促进玉米的高产。     

玉米中后期田间管理技术

总结了玉米生长中后期田间管理技术,主要包括加强水肥管理、隔行去雄授粉、拔除小株、中耕培土、防止倒伏、病虫害防治、适时收获等内容,以期为提高玉米产量提供参考。     

洞庭湖湿地水生生物监测方法初步体系

介绍了微型生物群落监测法、指示生物法、污水生物系统、生物标志物等不同的湿地水生生物监测方法,并对未来的工作提出了展望。     

黄淮夏玉米高产栽培技术

对黄淮地区夏玉米高产栽培技术的关键要点进行总结,提出改良土壤,选用良种,科学施肥,科学种植,科学管理和科技创新的观点。     

防治二代欧洲玉米螟的动态模型

用系统分析的方法组建防治第二代欧洲玉米螟Ostrinia nubilalis(Huboer)的动态模型。系统分为:玉米螟种群动态;玉米生育期与玉米螟之间的物候关系;玉米螟为害玉米后造成的产量损失;以及经济允许为害水平等四个亚系统。模型以田间第二代卵量增长逻辑蒂斯Logistic曲线为基质,并由全代单株累计幼虫密度,当代卵块及高龄幼虫落在某一玉米生育期的比率,各生育期受高龄幼虫为害后所造成的产量损失总和,以及防治效益与消费的比值等八条公式构成。利用这个程序模型,能系统分析玉米螟第二代的发生期、发生量、为害程度和损失,以及预测防治的经济价值,从而作出合理的防治决策。     

小麦种植管理及有效病虫害防治技术

小麦作为山西省主要的农作物之一,其种植面积以及种植总产量仅次于玉米,因此小 麦在粮食生产与消费中始终占据着相对较高的地位。本文从科学选种与处理、小麦精量播种、 苗期管理、拔节期与成熟前管理几个方面着手,对小麦种植的前期管理与中期管理展开分析。 并从农业病虫害防治、化学病虫害防治以及生物病虫害防治三个方面入手,对小麦种植的病虫 害防治技术提出具体建议。     

提高吉林省玉米单产的几项措施

从良种的选择、播种保全苗技术、田间管理技术、施肥技术及病虫害防治等方面,阐述了提高玉米单产的措施,目的在于提高吉林省玉米单产水平,同时提高玉米的总产量,增加农民的收入。     

Identifying important factors influencing corn yield and grain quality variability using artificial neural networks

Soil, landscape and hybrid factors are known to influence yield and quality of corn (Zea mays L.). This study employed artificial neural network (ANN) analysis to evaluate the relative importance of selected soil, landscape and seed hybrid factors on yield and grain quality in two Illinois, USA fields. About 7 to 13 important factors were identified that could explain from 61% to 99% of the observed yield or quality variability in the study site-years. Hybrid was found to be the most important factor overall for quality in both fields, and for yield as well in Field 1. The relative importance of soil and landscape factors for corn yield and quality and their relationships differed by hybrid and field. Cation exchange capacity (CEC) and relative elevation were consistently identified as among the top four most important soil and landscape factors for both corn yield and quality in both fields in 2000. Aspect and Zn were among the top five most important factors in Fields 1 and 2, respectively. Compound topographic index (CTI), profile curvature and tangential curvature were, in general, not important in the study site-years. The response curves generated by the ANN models were more informative than simple correlation coefficients or coefficients in multiple regression equations. We conclude that hybrid was more important than soil and landscape factors for consideration in precision crop management, especially when grain quality was a management objective.