基于AHP法的休闲农业景观评价指标体系研究

为建立休闲农业景观评价体系,并了解各指标在农业景观构建中的作用,本文基于层次分析法(AHP)、构建农业景观评价指标体系。运用专家咨询法和1-9标度法构造判断矩阵,计算了各指标在景观要素中的权重值。结果表明：项目层权重值排序为自然景观>生产景观>人文景观;因素层中农田的整体感官、地域文化、有机生态环保性权重值比较大;指标层中带动旅游创收权重值最大,道路通达性、自然生态体验、农事操作参与、可持续性、生态系统多样性也占有一定的地位。本文研究结果将为进一步建立和完善农业景观评价体系提供参考依据。     

RAGA-PPE模型在城市滨水绿地景观效果评价中的应用

基于人们对城市滨水绿地景观的关注日益加强,本文提出将RAGA-PPE模型（基于加速遗传算法的投影寻踪等级评价模型）应用到城市滨水绿地景观效果的评价中,将多维数据指标转换成低维子空间,通过寻求最优投影方向来计算投影函数值,建立多元数据分类与评价模型,从而根据投影值的大小进行景观评价。以大庆市为研究对象,构建了大庆市滨水绿地景观效果的评价指标体系及等级标准,并对5个城市滨水绿地的景观效果进行评价。评价结果表明：大庆市东风湖的等级值为1.5561,景观效果较好;万宝湖、滨州湖的等级值分别为3.3425和3.3427,景观效果一般;乘风湖的等级值为3.6491,景观效果较差;黎明湖的等级值为4.7159,景观效果差。评价结果与公众主观感觉基本一致,该模型具有较高的评价精度,适用于城市滨水绿地景观效果的分析评价,避免了传统方法存在的不足,为具有模糊、不确定性高维数据的景观综合评价提供了新的思路与方法。     

芳香植物在社区康养性植物景观中的评价与应用

以芳香疗法和景观评价为研究基础,基于灰色统计法（GST法）和层次分析法（AHP法）对社区康养性景观评价指标进行筛选和权重计算,获得长沙市上海城社区综合评价结果。研究初步选出5个准则层、32项指标形成社区植物的康养性评价初选指标集合,其中26项科学、准确的指标通过了灰色筛选。准则层的权重排序为康养性B₅(0.3236)>挥发性B₁(0.2817)>美学性B₂(0.1674)>生态性B₃(0.1170)>参与性B₄(0.1104)。各指标层的重要性程度中,B₁最高值和最低值为VOCs萜烯类物质含量(0.3618)、发香持续时间(0.0775),B₂最高值和最低值为植物色彩与季相变化(0.2737)、物种丰富度(0.1262),B₃最高值和最低值为空气负氧离子(0.3605)、固碳释氧(0.0860),B₄最高值和最低值为园艺活动体验(0.3407)、文化性与归属感(0.1703),B₅最高值和最低值为调节情绪(0.3474)、提高免疫力(0.0650)。长沙上海城社区的综合评分为3.1705,评级为“良”。构建的多级评价模型可有效评价社区康养性景观,其中调节情绪、VOCs萜烯类物质含量和缓解疲劳可以作为康养性景观鉴定的首选指标。     

AHP法在聊城市水城广场景观评价中的应用

为了探寻影响水城广场景观质量的重要景观因素,在对聊城市水城广场进行全面调查的基础上,采用AHP法通过8个准则层因素和25个评价因子对其景观进行综合评价。结果表明：（1）在聊城市水城广场景观评价体系中,准则层因素中道路景观和生态景观的权重分别占全部权重的32.38%、27.68%,说明二者是比较重要的2个因素;（2）25个评价因子中,道路景观中的主次分明情况权重值最大,为20.51%,进一步说明了道路景观在该评价中的重要地位。     

基于AHP法的主题创意农园综合评价与实证研究——以苏南12个主题创意农园为例

为给基于主题创意的休闲农业园建设成效综合评价研究提供理论与实践参考,以苏南地区12个主题创意农园为对象进行研究,采用AHP法构建以主题创意表达、农园景观营造、旅游管理运营3个方面为评价准则的综合评价体系。通过专家打分法和1~9标度法得到指标权重,依据资料搜集和实地调研情况分别对所选案例进行评分。结果表明：（1）12个农园中处于Ⅰ级（良好及以上水平）的有4个,处于Ⅱ级（中等水平）的有6个,处于Ⅲ级（较差水平）的有2个;（2）苏南地区主题创意农园整体建设取得了一定成效,但仍存在一些共性问题。在评价结果基础上,对基于主题创意的休闲农业园建设的提升与改善提出了5点优化策略：（1）紧扣主题创意核心,拓展深化主体产业;（2）凸显农业元素特征,丰富项目活动体验;（3）提高建设维护水平,实现景观可持续化;（4）健全完善运营机制,培育相关专业人才;（5）加强对外交流合作,提升推广宣传水平。     

基于乡村振兴背景的县域乡村发展综合评价———以国家贫困县四川省马边县为例

本研究根据国家关于乡村振兴提出的“产业兴旺、生态宜居、乡风文明、治理有效、生活富裕”的要求建立5 个准则层，结合贫困山区实际筛选出20 个反映乡村发展水平的指标，以四川省贫困县马边县为案例，综合德尔菲法(Delphi)及主层次分析法(AHP)评价分析马边县乡村发展指数及障碍度。根据乡村发展指数将马边县20 个乡镇分为3 个梯队，比较分析各区域发展的不平衡和差异性。同时根据障碍度分析，得出影响马边乡村振兴的障碍因素依次为生态适宜性(45%)＞产业发展水平(34.3%)＞生活水平(10.7%)＞乡村治理(5.1%)＞乡风文明(4.9%)。建议：（1）树立生态发展理念，建设生态宜居乡村；（2）选好优势特色产业，加快农业现代化步伐；（3）持续开展移风易俗活动，提升乡风文明水平；（4）激活人才、土地、资金等要素，在乡村形成人才、土地、资金、产业汇聚的良性循环。     

黑龙江省耕地资源安全研究

【研究目的】为完善各地区耕地资源安全问题研究，笔者以集中连片耕地大省黑龙江省为研究区，构建耕地资源安全评价指标体系。采用熵值法、综合评价法及障碍度模型对黑龙江省2007—2016年的耕地安全状况及趋势进行定量分析。结果表明：（1）2007—2016年黑龙江省耕地资源安全经历了“临界安全—较安全—临界安全—较安全”的波动状态；（2）通过对准则层分值及趋势进行分析，发现生态安全分值有较大波动的下降，耕地生态安全问题凸显；（3）以障碍度模型对2007—2016年研究区指标数据进行计算，发现生态安全指标因子的障碍度在中后期愈发凸显，问题集中在农耕化学生产资料的过量投入。基于此，控制化学生产资料投入，实行有效轮耕、休耕制度和农业生产补偿机制是必要的。     

洛阳市绿地景观格局分析及综合评判

绿地景观是城市生态系统的生态基础,人类赖以生存的基质与环境,城市生物多样性的载体,以洛阳市绿地景观为研究对象,利用遥感(RS)技术获取绿地的景观信息,建立了洛阳市绿地信息专题数据库,在景观生态学理论指导下,从绿地量、绿地规模、连接程度、空间布局等方面进行了洛阳市绿地景观格局分析,并通过主成分分析法,利用主成分与贡献率乘积的累积值,对不同区域绿地进行景观格局综合评价,将评价指标综合为景观格局、分离度和廊道密度3项指标,由于涧西区的人均绿地面积、绿化覆盖率、斑块平均面积、景观优势度、多样性指数均为最大;得出涧西区最优,西工区次之,老城区第三,洛龙区第四,瀍河区最差。该方法为绿地景观格局的综合评价提供了一定的参考,为洛阳市绿地系统的景观结构优化提供依据。     

四川盆地稻田保护性耕作制可持续性评价研究

以四川盆地稻田保护性耕作制为研究对象,运用目标取向法对其可持续性进行系统评价。将稻田保护性耕作制分为经济、生态、社会3个子系统,进而分为7个指标层和若干个变量层,经过3轮专家咨询,最后筛选确定18个指标（变量层）作为稻田保护性耕作制可持续性评价的指标集,建立可持续评价的指标体系。以Delphi法和AHP（层次分析）法相结合,建立相关判断矩阵,分别计算各指标层和变量层的权重,最后运用模糊数学方法即模糊综合评判方法对四川盆地稻田保护性耕作制进行可持续性评价。作为一种尝试,本研究为优化选择当地最合理的保护性耕作发展模式,为稻田保护性耕作制的推广应用提供了技术评价理论参考。     

生态农业观光园景观评价体系研究

为了建立适用于各种类型的生态农业观光园的景观评价系统,了解各景观元素在生态农业观光园景观营造中的作用,笔者应用层次分析法的原理,构建一套完整的生态农业观光园景观评价指标体系,运用专家咨询法和萨蒂(Satty)制定的1~9标度法构造判断矩阵,计算出各评价因子的权重。系统运算结果表明,项目层中自然景观的权重远大于人文景观和生产景观,因素层中农业景观权重最大,其重要性高于同项目层下园林植物景观,在指标层中,农业景观总体意象权重最大,其次是物种的多样性,农事体验、农事活动、民风民俗展示、园林建筑总体风格也占有一定的地位。该研究为生态农业观光园的景观设计与营造、等级评定及分级管理和分级指导提供理论依。     

Functions and Plant Configuration of Wuhan Jiangtan Park

With the rapid development of social economy, and constant improvement of living standards, modern people have had higher requirements on neighboring environment. Park green space is an important component of urban ecosystem, it improves quality of urban ecological environment, reduces urban heat island effect, and beautifies city environment. By studying plant configuration in Jiangtan Park, Hankou District, Wuhan City, functional areas were regarded as a whole to collect data, AHP was applied to investigate the sample plots, garden plant landscape evaluation system was established, and landscapes in all units were evaluated. From the perspectives of site type, functional area, plant configuration, landscape composition, this paper analyzed site conditions of Jiangtan Park, provided scientific theoretic support and case reference for the plant configuration of park green spaces, which would play an extremely important role in improving urban ecological environment and enhancing urban landscape effect.     

太原市城区不同类型绿化园林植物结构及相似性分析

研究旨在探讨不同类型绿化园林植物的差异与关系,为太原市绿化园林植物的优化配置和城市园林植物群落指标评价体系的建立提供一定的科学依据。采用抽样地调查的方法,以太原市居住区绿地、公园绿地、道路绿地3种类型园林植物为对象,对三者物种的组成、多样性以及相似性进行对比分析。研究表明:居住区绿地的多样性系数整体要高于公园绿地与道路绿地,而道路绿地的各项指标都位于较低水平。说明由于不同类型绿地的功能和需求不同,太原市城区的不同类型的绿化园林植物还是存在着较大差异。     

Pattern Change of Urban Green Space in Beijing from 2000 to 2010

With the rapid urbanization in Beijing, the vegetated surfaces have been increasingly replaced by impervious built surfaces. A clear recognition on the changes in green spaces pattern is vital for urban administrators and planners to optimize the urban development areas and define the ecological protection red lines. Based on the SPOT images and field investigation data of urban green spaces within the sixth ring road of Beijing in 2000, 2005 and 2010, the study investigated the dynamic changes of urban green spaces in this area, by means of GIS techniques and landscape ecology methods. The results indicated that green spaces in Beijing have decreased by 207 km2 from 2000 to 2010 at the expense of agricultural lands and waters. Although there has been some increases in urban forests and grasslands, it cannot compensate the rapid decrease of urban green spaces. The land cover types conversion occurred mainly in the areas between the fifth and sixth ring roads while the zones encircled by the fourth ring road had a little change. In addition, landscape metrics such as number of patches(NP) and shape index(SHAPE) increased, but the mean nearest-neighbor distance(MNN), aggregation index(AI) and patch cohesion index(COHESION) decreased during the period of 2000-2010. Also green landscapes became considerably isolated and fragmented. The study disclosed the obvious changes of green space size, composition and layout in urban districts of Beijing City from 2000 to 2010, and highlighted that construction of urban green space should consider not only the geometric or aesthetic effect, but also the increase of vertical green volume and optimization of spatial layout to fully develop the ecological service functions of green spaces.     

Optimal Design of Street-side Green Spaces: A Case Study of Tiaoshan Cultural Park in Yuncheng City,Shanxi Province

Street-side green spaces are located by urban roads, serving neighboring residents and business population, they are public spaces for citizens working, relaxing and communicating with each other. Landscape design of street-side green spaces is the manifestation of city culture, history and development. Through investigating actual conditions, cultural and historical context, and neighboring traffic of Tiaoshan Cultural Park, this study summarizes deficiencies of the original plant and landscape setting designs, and proposes optimal designs of the park according to the design principles of street-side green spaces.     

苏州城市公园景观的温湿效应研究

为研究苏州城市公园内不同景观类型的温湿效应,选取苏州市区苏州公园、桐泾公园、白塘生态植物园、苏州中国花卉植物园等4个公园内乔草密林、乔灌草混合林、乔草疏林、草坪、园内广场等5种景观类型作为研究对象,公园外道路作为对照。利用手持式温湿度仪测定不同类型样地1.5 m高度的空气温湿度。研究结果表明:(1)和园外道路、园内广场相比,有植被景观类型在不同季节均具有降温增湿效果;(2)不同景观类型中,乔草密林的降温增湿效果最好;(3)在夏季,公园的平均温度、湿度和园外道路相比,有极显著、显著差异;(4)在夏季,公园整体的降温增湿效果和公园面积、水体面积占比没有明显的相关性。这些结果可以给公园规划建设、市民出行游玩提供一定参考。     

Planning of Urban Public Disaster-prevention Green Spaces: A Case Study of Living Water Park in Chengdu City

Based on disaster-prevention functions of urban public green spaces, necessity and significance of emergency shelters in a city were analyzed. Taking Living Water Park in Chengdu for example, planning of urban public disaster-prevention green spaces was analyzed to further explore planning of urban disaster-prevention green space system and refugee spaces, and provide instructions for the planning and construction of urban disaster-prevention green spaces in China.     

Study on Ecological Development of Urban Parks

Research background,significance,characteristics and planning methods of the ecological development of urban parks were elaborated.This paper took green space planning of Xishan Park in Qianxi City for example,explored the application of ecological development theories in green space planning of urban park.     

Study on Urban Quality Assessment Index System of Waterfront Landscapes

Urban waterfront space as an essential part of urban landscape belt refl ects unique city images and cultures, and it is an important region for urban leisure activities. With the promotion of new urbanization, population explosion has had new requirements on existing waterfront landscape spaces. Accurate assessment of the quality of waterfront landscaping scheme is the premise and basis of building high-quality landscapes. This paper, on the basis of landscape trialism, landscape assessment standards from the perspectives of landscape environment, landscape aesthetics, and landscape function, elaborated the relationship among the three aspects, proposed the basic framework for the quality assessment of urban waterfront landscapes, and refi ned the control factors, summarized the specific assessment factors, in order to establish an index system fit for the quality asssessment of urban waterfront landscapes, and provide references for urban waterfront landscaping in China.