两会关注:黑龙江非转大豆面积缩减至140万hm~2

正黑龙江省是我国主要的非转基因大豆生产基地。今年两会期间,该省人大代表提出议案,建议立法设立特别保护区,严禁种植与加工转基因作物。人大代表希望通过这项法案,保护生态多样性,惠及种植非转基因大豆的农民,并避免转基因作物"污染"其他大豆植株。人大代表谭志娟建议,在黑龙江省设立占地430万hm~2的大豆保护区。届时,非转基因大豆种植面     

黑龙江省大豆产业化调研报告(续二)

我国是大豆的起源中心和原产地，大豆籽粒富含蛋白质、脂肪等营养物质，同时种植大豆具有保持和恢复地力的作用。大豆生产在我国农业产业结构和人民生活中占有特殊地位，已成为全国五大作物之一，每年播种面积均在800万hm^2以上。     

内蒙古自治区大豆生产现状及发展建议

大豆是我区主栽作物之一，从80年代至今，大豆总播种面积从近20万hm^2发展到53．3万hm^2；单产水平从50kg/667m^2增加至100kg\667m^2；良种普及率从55％提高到90％；豆田化学除草率达70％，存在重迎茬减产问题。在充分调查分析大豆主产区生产背景资料的基础上，提出了以“调整种植业结构、积极引进和繁育良种、加强病虫综合治理、推广高产配套技术、发展深加工及培养大豆科技队伍”为措施的七点建议。     

高产、抗胞囊线虫大豆新品种(系)筛选及其适宜密度研究

1998—2000年，对中国农业科学院品种资源研究所、山东省农业科学院作物研究所及其他育种单位提供的1523份大豆种质资源及品种(系)进行了胞囊线虫2号生理小种抗性筛选工作，从中选出两个高技、丰产、农艺性状较好的大豆新品系齐黄25和齐茶豆一号。同时进行了这两个品系适宜种植密度试验，得出它们的最适密度分别为24．45万株/hm^2和23．97万株/hm^2。     

转基因水稻安全性评价的内容

自1983年首例烟草转基因作物(Genetically Modified Crops,GMC)问世以来,至2002年全球范围转基因作物的种植面积已达5800万hm^2,已被批准可使用的产品有1000多种,但是,转基因作物在给人类带来惊喜和福音的同时．也带来了疑惑和风险。转基因作物是否有毒性,是否会对人体造成过敏反应,是否存在潜在的风险,作为食品是否缺乏人体必需的营养成份等一系列安全问题萦绕在人们的心中。     

中国大豆转基因安全评价

大豆起源于中国,是一种含有丰富植物蛋白的作物,在中国已经有几千年的种植历史,随着转基因技术的不断发展,转基因大豆逐渐走进了人们的生活,文中将介绍中国转基因大豆的安全评价原则,并对转基因大豆生物学特性,转基因操作安全,转基因大豆环境安全,转基因食品安全,抗生素抗性标记基因五方面的安全评价进行阐述。     

转基因作物的安全性评价及其对我国传统农业的影响

2001年全球转基因作曲种植面积达到了5260万km^2，其中转基因抗除草剂作曲占77％，转基因抗虫作曲占15％。200l年中国转基因作曲种植面积为150万hm^2，占全球的3％，主要为转基因抗虫棉。转基因作曲安全性从20世纪90年代以来倍受政府、科学家和大众的关注，在转基因作曲食品安全性方面提出了和传统食品“实质等同性”的评价概念；在转基因作曲环境安全性方面注重转基因作物本身及基因扩散给环境带来的直接、间接和潜在的影确。国外转基因农作曲及其产品对我国传统农业提出了新的挑战。     

美国主要作物转基因商业化进展及启示

分析了美国玉米、大豆和棉花3种主要作物转基因品种的商业化进程,结果表明：玉米、大豆和棉花在美国已经基本实现了品种的转基因化,2010年已分别达到86%、93%和93%。无论是抗虫、还是抗除草剂、或者是既抗虫又抗除草剂的转基因品种,在美国都大受农场主的欢迎,这揭示转基因技术为农业生产者带来了巨大的利益。分析了我国转基因作物商业化现状,棉花、玉米、大豆都与美国有很大的差距,仅水稻的转基因研究领先于美国。因此,建议积极推进转基因水稻的商业化进程,保持水稻研究的先发优势,加强其他作物转基因研究,并适时商业化,保障我国的粮食安全。     

关于发展南方间套作大豆生产的建议

我国大豆生产主要集中在东北和黄淮海地区。其中，东北地区常年大豆面积稳定在500万hm^3左右，种植面积增长空间有限。近年来．因种植玉米的比较效益好于大豆，凡是可以种植玉米的地方，大豆面积呈波动下降趋势。以前大豆面积较：穴的辽宁省近年大豆种植面积已降至20万hm^2左右，吉林省规模化大豆生产基本上限于东部山区，黑龙江省南部也已成为玉米主产区。     

转基因大豆产业化现状及展望

转基因大豆是迄今为止播种面积最大、商业化程度最高的转基因作物,同时,也是人们目前公认的最难转化的作物之一.建立高效遗传转化体系和是否继续加强转基因大豆的产业化推广一直都是科技工作者和各国政府的关注焦点.本文将从国内外转基因大豆产业化现状、转基因受体系统、转基因方法及发展趋势等方面对其做一简单综述.     

稻麦双晚对病虫草发生的影响及解决措施

随着早熟晚粳、中熟晚粳广泛种植,水稻轻型省力栽培方式旱直播的推广,病虫也发生了变化,成熟期显著推迟,下茬无法在适宜播期种植,影响粮食丰产稳产。提出筛选早熟当家品种、大力推广机插秧、加大粮食烘干设备的投入、合理施肥、精准植保等对策。     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

加强闽台科技合作交流发展我省甘蔗业

概述了海峡两岸农业交流与合作的现状,提出了应该共同呼吁尽快实现两岸“三通”,开放农业生物技术图书期刊资料交流以及开放生物学科方面网络的思路,以便为农业交流与合作的顺畅开展打好基础,并寄希望能够就糖蔗、果蔗以及甘蔗笋等方面的研究与开发到台湾学习取经,开展学术交流或与台湾同行共同开展研究,为我省甘蔗业的发展作出贡献。     

种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考

种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键，是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实“育繁推一体化”种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中，受制于行业发展水平，种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程，提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要，在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上，分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求，加强种业应用性研究，建立先进的种子质量检验体系，研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备，打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系，完善种业科学技术学科建设，促进种业产业持续健康发展。     

Tuber and starch quality of wild and cultivated potato species and cultivars

Summary Between 1993 and 1998 205 different potato cultivars and 1220 accessions/genotypes of wild and cultivated potato species from the IPK Genebank Gatersleben were evaluated. Parameters interesting for starch isolation and especially for the use of starch were determined. Altogether, there was a higher variability in wild potato species than in cultivated potatoes for all characteristics investigated: dry matter content, starch content, protein content, amylose content and mean particle diameter of starch granules.     

Yield and quality of winter and spring triticales for forage and grain

In field experiments conducted over 2 years in Mediterranean conditions, five winter and five spring triticales were evaluated for forage and grain production in the same cropping season. The experiments had two treatments, namely harvesting for grain only, and dual-purpose forage and grain production. In the latter treatment, forage was cut when the first node was detectable (Zadoks' stage 31), without removing the apical meristems. Grain was harvested when ripe (Zadoks' stage 92) in both cut and uncut plots.
Environmental conditions affected grain production and protein content more than forage yield and quality. Winter triticales yielded about 43% more forage than spring types, but after forage removal the spring types yielded about 36% more grain than winter triticales.
Reductions in grain yield after clipping were more pronounced in winter (32%) than in spring (19%) types. Forage crude protein content was significantly higher in the spring types studied (24.6%) than in the winter types (23.5%), the opposite being true for fibre content (20.7 and 21.6% respectively). Grain crude protein content did not differ between grain and dual-purpose treatments, but was higher in the spring triticales (12.8%) than in the winter types (11.9%). There was more variability for the measured traits within the winter triticales studied than within the spring types.     

种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考

种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键,是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实"育繁推一体化"种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中,受制于行业发展水平,种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程,提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要,在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上,分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求,加强种业应用性研究,建立先进的种子质量检验体系,研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备,打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系,完善种业科学技术学科建设,促进种业产业持续健康发展。     

Present Situation and Consideration of Seed Processing and Testing Theory and Technology

Seed processing and testing hold the key to the market circulation of seeds, and are an indispensable link in commercial breeding to endow seeds with commodity attributes. The research of seed processing and testing theory and technology is an important link in improving the seed industry chain, realizing large-scale commercial breeding and consolidating the seed industry science of ‘integration of breeding, propagation and promotion’. The scientific and technological system of seed industry in China is being formed and perfected, which is subject to the development level of the industry. The theory and technology of seed processing and testing are relatively weak. We reviewed the development of seed processing and testing theory and technology, and put forward strategies and suggestions to improve the sound development of China’s seed industry. In order to meet the needs of seed industry development and on the basis of high quality breeding of varieties, the new directions and demands of seed processing and testing theory and technology were analyzed. We will work to strengthen the applied research of seed industry, establish advanced seed quality inspection system, improve seed processing equipment suitable for the development needs of modern seed industry, establish standardized production system of seed processing industry, develop the scientific and technological disciplines of seed industry, and promote the sustainable and healthy development of seed industry.     

大豆几种常见病虫草害的诊断与防治

1大豆花叶病毒病 大豆病毒病（Soybean Mosaic Virus,SMV）是世界性病害之一。我国东北地区已鉴定的有5种,即大豆花叶病、顶枯病、蚕豆萎蔫病、南方菜豆花叶病、花生条纹病毒。其中大豆花叶病在全国大豆主要产区都有发生,十分常见。