缓释型甲醛捕捉剂的制备及其在刨花板甲醛释放控制中的应用北大核心

为降低刨花板游离甲醛释放量,研究以尿素为功能性芯材,壳聚糖为壁材,采用乳化交联法制备具有缓释功能的微囊型甲醛捕捉剂,并将其应用于刨花板制备过程中。结果表明:在芯壁材比例为2∶1,水油比为1.5∶1,乳化剂用量2%的条件下制备的微囊型甲醛捕捉剂形状规则,平均粒径在50μm左右,芯材负载量和负载效率达到45.86%和68.76%。相较于未处理材,添加微囊型甲醛捕捉剂的刨花板在第1天、第14天、第28天的甲醛释放浓度分别降低了38.27%、49.74%和25.74%。以微囊型甲醛捕捉剂填充刨花板内部孔隙结构,在芯材缓释降解游离甲醛的同时,影响游离甲醛的扩散迁移路径,从而达到较好的甲醛控释效果。     

纳米复合浸渍处理对饰面人造板甲醛控释的影响

甲醛是室内常见污染气体,主要源于板式家具和人造板装饰材料中,长期接触会对人体健康产生极大威胁。以人造板饰面用薄木、微薄木、三聚氰胺浸渍原纸为对象,通过浸渍掺杂纳米二氧化钛(Ti O2)的掺杂三聚氰胺树脂胶黏剂,探索3种浸渍处理材料对饰面人造板的甲醛控释能力。研究结果表明,纳米Ti O2的加入,能够不同程度的降低薄木、微薄木、浸渍纸3种材料饰面人造板的甲醛释放。随着纳米Ti O2添加量的增加,饰面人造板的甲醛释放量呈逐步下降的趋势。当纳米Ti O2添加量达到2%质量分数时,微薄木饰面人造板甲醛释放量最低,仅为未处理板材的32.9%。傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)与差示扫描量热法(DSC)分析结果表明,纳米Ti O2掺杂处理三聚氰胺树脂胶黏剂未生成新物质,不会影响热压过程中胶黏剂在饰面材料表面的固化,但对材料表面的润湿性有一定影响。     

人造板的甲醛释放及其控制措施的研究进展

人造板的甲醛释放问题已越来越受到人们的关注。本文综述了关于人造板的甲醛释放量的主要来源,以及降低人造板甲醛释放量的主要措施的研究进展。降低摩尔比;对脲醛树脂进行改性、添加甲醛捕捉剂、选择合适的人造板热压工艺;以及对成板后进行后处理等方法,是降低人造板的甲醛释放量的基本途径。     

树脂型甲醛捕捉剂对脲醛树脂性能的影响

在实验室制备得到树脂型甲醛捕捉剂,考察了甲醛捕捉剂与不同F/U摩尔比脲醛树脂混合使用后制备得到的刨花板力学性能及甲醛释放量。研究结果表明,甲醛捕捉剂的添加能有效降低刨花板的甲醛释放量,但对混合树脂的最终力学强度性能不利。混合树脂的摩尔比F/U是决定相关刨花板力学性能及甲醛释放量的主要因素。当与摩尔比F/U=1的脲醛树脂混合使用时,添加占总施胶量5%甲醛捕捉剂的刨花板甲醛释放量可达到E1级,同时,内结合强度值满足室内级国家标准要求。与摩尔比F/U=1.2的脲醛树脂混合使用,当甲醛捕捉剂的添加量为20%时,刨花板性能达标。     

热压工艺参数对三聚氰胺饰面刨花板甲醛释放量的影响

以市售刨花板和三聚氰胺浸渍纸为原料,制备三聚氰胺饰面刨花板.采用L9（34）正交试验考察热压温度、热压时间、热压压力3个热压工艺参数对三聚氰胺板甲醛释放量的影响.采用国家标准（GB/T 17657-1999）《人造板及饰面人造板理化性能试验方法》干燥器法检测甲醛的释放量.试验结果表明,热压温度对甲醛释放量影响最大、热压时间其次、热压压力影响最小,其中热压温度对甲醛释放量有显著影响,热压时间和热压压力的影响并不显著.热压工艺参数提高,会引起热压后的三聚氰胺板前期的甲醛释放量明显升高.确定饰面刨花板甲醛低释放的最优化生产工艺参数为热压温度170℃、热压时间40s、热压压力2.5 MPa.     

2种浸渍胶膜纸饰面人造板甲醛释放量研究

采用1 m3气候箱法测试2种浸渍胶膜纸饰面人造板甲醛释放规律以及不同处理条件对板材甲醛释放浓度的影响。结果表明,热压工艺、基材结构可能是影响甲醛释放周期的关键因素,2种饰面人造板的平衡周期基本相同;封边处理可有效降低甲醛含量得释放;温度和相对湿度与板材甲醛释放量呈正相关,空气交换率与板材甲醛释放量呈负相关。     

细木工板甲醛捕捉设备的设计及其捕捉工艺技术

针对目前细木工板甲醛捕捉剂人工喷涂和简单机械喷涂效率低、不均匀的现状,设计、研制出甲醛捕捉剂喷施的机械化设备,并对其捕捉工艺参数进行研究和细木工板理化性能测定,结果表明:甲醛释放量为E_2级细木工板(2.8 mg·L~(-1)),使用甲醛捕捉设备,用喷施量33.6 g·m~(-2)的W-BC甲醛捕捉剂处理之后,甲醛释放量可以降低到了E_1级水平,对物理力学性能无不利影响。因此,该甲醛捕捉设备适合于机械化处理细木工板,大幅提高了捕捉剂喷施均匀性、加工效率及其产品质量,降低了生产成本。     

甲醛捕捉剂的制备与应用效果评价

通过随机检测市售胶合板与细木工板,验证甲醛的释放量与时间的关系,结果表明,人造板材会不断向周围释放游离甲醛;利用酰肼类与无机盐类化合物等复配成新型甲醛捕捉剂,并用于降低胶合板、细木工板等人造板中甲醛释放量,对3 mm胶合板的降解效果最为明显,从E2级的5.4 mg/L降至0.28 mg/L,我国的E1级规定是≤0.5 mg/L。     

水性涂料微胶囊的制备及其涂层自修复性能研究

采用乳液聚合法,以三聚氰胺甲醛树脂为壁材,以虫胶溶液、水性涂料为芯材制备自修复微胶囊,通过五因素四水平正交试验,探究W_芯∶W_壁、W_(乳化剂)∶W_芯、W_虫∶W_水、W_(乳化剂溶液)∶W_芯质量比与搅拌速率对微胶囊产量和包覆率的影响。结果表明:搅拌速率对微胶囊的影响较大。当W_芯∶W_壁为0.8∶1,W_(乳化剂)∶W_芯为3∶100,搅拌速率为600 r/min,W_(虫胶)∶W_(涂料)为1∶1,W_(乳化剂溶液)∶W_芯为9∶1时,制备的微胶囊具有较好的形状和尺寸。将该微胶囊加入水性涂料,随着微胶囊浓度的增加,漆膜的色差和光泽度逐渐减小。随后对漆膜的拉伸强度、表面形貌、化学成分及修复效果进行了分析,当微胶囊添加量为5.0%～10.0%时,漆膜的修复效果明显。当微胶囊添加量为5.0%时,漆膜综合性能较好。研究结论为木质家具自修复涂层的研发提供理论依据。     

甲醛捕捉剂在刨花板生产中的应用

对添加甲醛捕捉剂对刨花板各项物理力学性能影响的研究结果表明,甲醛捕捉剂对刨花板释放甲醛的吸收效果比较明显,但随着甲醛捕捉剂量的增加,刨花板的内结合强度和表面结合强度有所下降。     

Scavengers for achieving zero formaldehyde emission of wood-based panels

This work examines the performance of three formaldehyde scavengers in wood-based panels. Sodium metabisulfite, ammonium bisulfite and urea were applied in different physical forms during particleboard production, and the resulting physico-mechanical properties (internal bond strength, thickness swelling, density and moisture content) and formaldehyde emission levels were compared. Formaldehyde content was measured using the perforator method, and formaldehyde emission was evaluated both by desiccator and gas analysis methods. The chemical reactions involved in each formaldehyde scavenging process are proposed and discussed. The tested scavengers showed distinct performances under the different emission testing conditions, which were interpreted in terms of the stability of the chemical compounds formed upon formaldehyde capture. Sodium metabisulfite proved to be an excellent scavenger for all formaldehyde methods allowing the production of particleboard panels with zero formaldehyde emission.     

简述刨花板中甲醛释放的机理及检测

甲醛是甲醛系胶粘剂板制品在使用过程散发的一种污染环境的有害气体。根据国内外资料分析了我国花板甲醛释放的现状，介绍了脲醛树脂的水解和刨花板甲醛释放的机理，评述了8种检测方法和降低花板中甲醛释放量的具体措施。     

甲醛污染的治理方法

本文从污染源、生产工艺、产品选择、产品使用、后期处理5个方面入手介绍了室内甲醛污染的治理方法,目的在于寻求科学有效且经济的室内甲醛污染物治理策略。在人造板甲醛的治理方法中,使用无甲醛添加的胶黏剂是人造板及其制品治理甲醛污染最根本的解决方法。     

实体木材中甲醛释放研究

甲醛释放限量是人造板及其制品健康环保的重要指标。确定科学合理的绿色人造板及其制品甲醛释放限量值,必须研究实体木材中甲醛的释放规律。为了制定绿色人造板及其产品的评价标准,文中介绍了实体木材的甲醛含量、甲醛的来源以及影响因素,分析木材中醛和酮的释放机制,并基于制定绿色人造板标准的需要提出了研究展望。     

The effect of urea pretreatment on the formaldehyde emission and properties of straw particleboard

For manufacturing low-formaldehyde emission particleboard from wheat straw and urea-formaldehyde (UF) resins using urea treatment for indoor environments, we investigated the influence of urea treatment on the formaldehyde emission, physical and mechanical properties of the manufactured particleboard. Wheat straws were treated at three levels of urea concentration (5%, 10%, 15%) and 95℃as holding temperature. Wheat straw particleboards were manufactured using hotpress at 180℃and 3 MPa with two types of UF adhesive (UF-45,UF-91). Then the formaldehyde emission values, physical properties and mechanical properties were considered. The results show that the formaldehyde emission value was decreased by increasing urea concentration. Furthermore, the results indicate that the specimens under urea treatment have better mechanical and physical properties compared with control specimens. Also specimens under urea treatment at 10% concentration and UF-91 type adhesive have the most optimum physical and mechanical strength.     

游离甲醛和人造板释放甲醛

甲醛是室内空气污染源，它常与甲醛系统粘接连在一起，本文根据国内外资料评述人造板甲醛释放量，分析了脲醛树脂的水解和人造板释放甲醛的机理，还介绍了甲醛的毒害，各国政府的有关法规以各种降低甲醛释放量的方法。     

Diatomaceous earth as an inorganic additive to reduce formaldehyde emissions from particleboards

The presented research is about the use of a new type of a functional inorganic additive in particleboards, for the purpose of reducing free formaldehyde releases. One-layered particleboards were prepared in the laboratory by mixing industrial wood particles and urea-formaldehyde resin. Natural, abundantly and cheaply available nano-mesoporous diatomaceous earth (DE) was used, without and in combination with urea as a scavenger. Silica quartz sand was also added as a nonporous analogy. Particleboards were pressed at two press factors (9 and 15 s/mm). Formaldehyde release was determined using the rapid 3-hour-flask method (DIN EN 717-3). As a result, DE additions insignificantly reduced bending properties of particleboards. Internal bonding was in part significantly lowered. The particleboard produced with 3% urea loaded on 5% DE prior to application almost halved (–45%) the formaldehyde release. Formaldehyde release was on the average 17% lower when pressed at 15 s/mm instead of 9 s/mm. By loading urea onto the nano-mesoporous structure of DE, an improved scavenging function of urea could be shown.     

UF-G低毒脲醛树脂在胶合板上的应用研究

UF-G低毒脲醛树脂在胶合板上的应用研究结果表明,最佳调胶参数为面粉添加量25%,固化剂添加量1.2%;最佳热压工艺参数为热压温度110℃、热压压力1.2 MPa、热压时间60 s·mm-1、涂胶量300 g·m-2。在此条件下压制出的胶合板甲醛释放量达到E1级,且胶合强度满足国家标准的要求。