猫口腔炎的细菌分离鉴定

通过采样拭子采集患口腔炎的猫口腔黏膜、舌头、牙龈分泌物样本,分离到23株菌,经致病性试验证实有3种菌具有致病性。根据形态、生长特性和生化特性,11株被鉴定为葡萄球菌,9株被鉴定为链球菌,3株被鉴定为巴氏杆菌;从5只健康猫样本中分离到大肠杆菌5株。细菌分离结果表明,大肠杆菌为常在非致病菌,葡萄球菌、链球菌及巴氏杆菌为致病菌。药敏试验结果表明,分离的3种致病菌对头孢噻肟高度敏感。因此临床上治疗应首选头孢类抗生素。     

山西省致病性猪大肠杆菌分离及生物特性研究

研究从山西省主要养猪区80多个养猪场(户)的病死猪及疑似大肠杆菌病猪粪便、肠道、肛门等部位采集病料接种于营养琼脂平板、麦康凯琼脂平板、伊红美蓝培养基等纯化培养,将疑似菌落革兰氏染色、镜检;对初步分离菌经生化试验、致病性试验、大肠杆菌O抗原血清型鉴定等,对山西省流行的猪大肠杆菌病病原进行生物学特性研究。研究结果表明,病原菌纯化、镜检结果有123株疑似菌株符合猪大肠杆菌形态特征;生化试验中有8株病原菌产生H2S,有5株病原菌VP试验、枸橼酸盐利用试验是阳性,这13株病原菌不符合猪大肠杆菌的生化特性,其余110株病原菌符合大肠杆菌生化特性;致病性研究结果表明有97株病原菌是致病性猪大肠杆菌;大肠杆菌O抗原血清型鉴定结果:94株血清型分属于36个血清型,其中O138、O101、O9、O107、O141有35株,共占所鉴定分离菌株的37.2%,这几种血清型均为山西这80多个猪场目前流行的优势血清型,通过鉴定摸清了流行在山西省猪致病性大肠杆菌血清型特点、优势血清型菌株及分布状况。这一研究结果为山西省制定猪大肠杆菌病防治策略提供了依据。     

中华竹鼠大肠杆菌病诊断与防制

从圈养状态下的中华竹鼠中分离出一株大肠杆菌，通过形态观察、生化试验、血清学鉴定及动物致病性试验，表明分离菌其培养特性与生化特性基本一致，对中华竹鼠具有很强致病力，其细菌生化特征为O血清型，通过药敏试验，用庆大霉素和恩诺沙星防制，效果良好。     

甘南牦牛源大肠杆菌的分离鉴定

大肠杆菌病是一种常见的人畜共患传染病,其在甘肃甘南也有流行。为分离鉴定甘南牦牛源大肠杆菌并探究其致病性,采集甘南牦牛新鲜腹泻粪便50份,进行营养琼脂培养基培养、选择培养基分离纯化和生化试验鉴定。结果表明:27株分离株的形态染色、培养和生化特性符合大肠杆菌的特征;对分离株进行动物试验,表明4株具有致病性。最后结合试验结果和流行病学调查讨论了牦牛大肠杆菌病存在的原因,并提出了相应的防治措施,以期减少牦牛大肠杆菌的感染和流行。     

仔猪腹泻大肠杆菌的分离鉴定和药敏试验

从山西省甲种猪场于使用大肠杆菌前后和乙种猪场采集仔猪腹泻病料７０份，进行了大肠杆菌的分离鉴定和药敏试验。结果分离出符合大肠杆菌生化特性的菌株４４株，其中确定血清型的３６株，未定血清型的８株，具有致病性的１６株；４４株大肠杆菌对所用抗菌药物的敏感率不同；血清型不同的大肠杆菌药敏试验结果不同，同时同场分离的血清型相同的大肠杆菌药敏试验结果相同或相近，非同时或同场分离的血清型相同的大肠杆菌药敏结果也有所不同。     

中药与抗菌药物联用对猪源大肠杆菌耐药性的抑制作用

为了探讨中药与抗菌药物联用对大肠杆菌耐药性的作用效果，本研究对河南部分地区采集的样品（50份）进行分离鉴定、生化试验及致病性试验，对分离鉴定后的致病性猪大肠杆菌选用12种中药采用K-B法进行耐药性检测，将筛选出来的中药与抗生素进行中西联用对致病性大肠杆菌做体外抑菌试验，并分析中西药联用对大肠杆菌的抑制作用。结果显示，采集的50份样品有23株菌符合大肠杆菌的分离培养特性和生化特性，且23株菌均为致病性大肠杆菌；通过耐药性检测，23株试验菌株对测试的中药均有不同程度的耐药性，其中试验菌株对甘草耐药率最高（82.6%），其次为生地（78.2%），而对黄柏（17.3%）和白头翁（21.7%）耐药性较低，具有一定的敏感性；体外抑菌试验结果发现，中药与抗生素联用均有不同程度的抑菌效果，其中黄柏、白头翁与抗菌药物联用的抑菌效果最明显。以上结果说明中药与抗菌药物联用不仅可以抑制大肠杆菌的耐药性，还可以延缓大肠杆菌耐药性的产生。     

用质粒DNA指纹图谱分析法研究鸡源大肠杆菌的流行病学特征

从北京市郊区数个集约化养鸡场的大肠杆菌感染鸡群的死鸡，毛蛋的心血中分离到３３株细菌，经形态、培养特性及生化反应鉴定为大肠埃希氏杆菌简称大肠杆菌。对其中１９株作本动物回归试验结果表明，全都为致病性大肠杆菌。从而证明从死鸡（毛蛋）心血中分离到的大肠杆菌与其致病性密切相关。质粒指纹图谱技术是目前医学界用于细菌性疾病流行病学调查，病原追踪的一项新技术，本试验３３株细菌的质粒指纹图谱结果表明，北京郊区数个集     

一株不发酵乳糖致病性大肠杆菌的分离与鉴定

从广东某珍珠鸡场发病死亡的初产珍珠鸡肝脏中分离到一株细菌,经培养特性与生化特性观察,以致病性试验和血清型鉴定,结合其16SrRNA序列分析,判定其为大肠杆菌。这是一株不发酵乳糖的致病性大肠杆菌。     

河南猪源致病性大肠杆菌分离、鉴定及其生物学特性

从河南省不同地区采集腹泻死亡仔猪进行病原分离鉴定,通过对细菌形态观察、PCR检测、生化试验以及小鼠毒力试验鉴定出了8株具有致病性大肠杆菌。通过WHO推荐的Kirby-Bauer(K-B)法测定8株大肠杆菌对21种抗菌药物的耐药性,并进一步对分离的8株大肠杆菌进行运动性以及生物被膜形成特性进行比较。生化特性结果表明8株大肠杆菌对各种糖的分解能力无明显差异;耐药性结果表明8株大肠杆菌均是多重耐药菌株,并且8株大肠杆菌在半固体培养基上均具有运动性,形成较明显的运动圈;生物被膜表型检测结果表明:有4株大肠杆菌具有较强的生物膜形成能力。本试验为进一步研究河南地区大肠杆菌的流行病学和探讨生物被膜和致病性、毒力之间的相关性奠定基础。     

鸡源致病性大肠杆菌血清型鉴定及耐药性分析

为了了解山东、河北和河南等省部分地区养殖场鸡源致病性大肠杆菌的血清型及耐药性,试验采用细菌分离和生化鉴定方法对鸡大肠杆菌进行分离和鉴定,通过动物试验确定分离大肠杆菌的致病性,应用血清学方法和药敏试验对致病性大肠杆菌的血清型及耐药性进行研究。结果表明:分离鉴定的119株大肠杆菌中致病性菌株有110株,其中92株致病性菌株能够定型,分别属于15个血清型,有5株出现交叉凝集,O14、O35、O1、O2、O78、O88为优势血清型;分离鉴定的致病性大肠杆菌对环丙沙星、头孢噻肟、头孢哌酮等最敏感,对林可霉素、头孢克肟、卡那霉素、庆大霉素、红霉素的耐药率达60%以上。说明分离的致病性大肠杆菌血清型存在复杂性,对大部分临床常用药物产生了不同程度的耐药。     

白术、微米白术和白术多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道形态及微生态区系的影响

试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。     

Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia

Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Y‐chromosomal variation of local goat breeds of Turkey close to the domestication centre

Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Changes in proportion of canine urinary calculi composed of calcium oxalate or struvite in specimens analyzed from 1981 through 2001

The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.     

Smart Phone Assisted City-scale Wireless Sensor Network Deployment for Transportation System Monitoring

<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems.     

The Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Dairy Cattle in Central Kenya

The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.