7个甘蔗新品系种性表现及其评述

2004～2006年对桂糖99-181等7个甘蔗新品系进行2年新植2年宿根品种比较试验.结果表明:蔗茎产量与含糖量表现较突出的是桂糖99-181、99-107、99-260,其公顷产蔗量与公顷含糖量均比对照品种新台糖16号(Roc16)增产12%以上;甘蔗蔗糖分以桂糖99-137和99-268为最高,4年新植宿根平均蔗糖分分别达15.90%和15.84%,分别比对照品种新台糖16号高0.7和0.64个百分点.     

甘蔗引进新品种(系)的试验表现及评价

为筛选出高产、高糖、综合性状表现较好的甘蔗新品种充实蔗区,对17个国内外甘蔗引进新品种(系)进行了1年新植1年宿根种性比较试验。结果表明,平均蔗茎产量显著高于新台糖22号的参试品种有SP80-3280、K86-110、ISD24、FR93-344、CP84-1591、VMC88-354和K82-129,增产10.54%~21.47%。平均蔗糖分含量高于新台糖22号的参试品种有VMC71-39、CP94-1100、FR93-435和云蔗03-258,蔗糖分含量提高0.2~1.4个百分点。     

高肥水条件下几个桂糖新品种生长、产量及品质的表现

在较高肥、水条件下,以新台糖22号作对照,对桂糖37号、40号、42号3个甘蔗新品种进行比较试验,探讨不同品种生长、产量及品质的表现。结果表明,参试的3个新品种蔗茎产量均超过对照种新台糖22号,以桂糖40号产量最高。平均甘蔗蔗糖分除桂糖37号略低于对照种之外,桂糖40号和42号均明显高过对照,其中桂糖40号蔗糖分增长较大;所有桂糖新品种重力纯度都超过对照种,而还原糖都少于对照,说明3个新品种的蔗汁品质好过对照。单位面积含糖量与蔗茎产量的情况相似,所有桂糖新品种都超过对照。综合各品种的表现,认为参试的3个桂糖新品种其产量和品质均优于新台糖22号。     

甘蔗品种(系)宿根性表现与甘蔗成本价格比较

2011年10个甘蔗宿根栽培试验结果表明:桂糖02-496宿根蔗茎产量最高,达108790 kg/hm2,比新台糖22号和新台糖16号增产17.4％和24.8％,增产极显著.但11月和12月份蔗糖分较低,平均蔗糖分11.97％,比新台糖22号和新台糖16号减1.61和1.46个百分点.原料蔗成本价格最低为358.63元/t,分别比新台糖22号(CK1)和新台糖16号(CK2)减少36.38元/t和51.77元/t,减少9.21％和12.61％.比两对照高产的还有桂辐98-296、桂糖04-2278、桂糖04-120、柳城03-362,但11月和12月份蔗糖分较低.桂糖02-796、玉林1号、桂糖04-153、桂糖04-2724、桂糖04-112的宿根蔗茎产量及蔗糖分表现均不突出.     

桂辐98-296种茎直接补种新台糖22号宿根蔗试验研究初报

【目的】探讨采用甘蔗新品种桂辐98-296种茎对新台糖22号宿根蔗直接补种对各自产量和蔗糖品质的影响,以有效地解决宿根蔗缺株断垄问题,延长宿根蔗年限,降低植蔗周期生产成本,为生产应用提供理论依据。【方法】采用桂辐98-296和新台糖22号种茎直接补种新台糖22号宿根,调查补种的桂辐98-296、新台糖22号和新台糖22号宿根蔗的产量性状、蔗茎产量及蔗糖品质表现。【结果】桂辐98-296种茎直接补种处理产量为74.33t/hm2,分别比CK、新台糖22号种茎直接补种处理增产18.36、15.83t/hm2,且差异达极显著水平;新台糖22号种茎直接补种处理产量与CK差异不显著。直接补种不影响新台糖22号宿根蔗的产量和蔗糖分;补种的桂辐98-296的蔗糖分与新台糖22号宿根蔗相当。【结论】桂辐98-296种茎直接补种新台糖22号宿根蔗,可以增加单位面积有效茎数,提高单位面积产量;方法简单、高效、实用,有效延长了宿根年限,提高植蔗的经济效益。     

甘蔗新台糖16号评议意见

广东省农业科学院作物研究所1993年初从台湾省引进甘蔗新台糖16号,经全国甘蔗引种检疫站进行检疫,未发现检疫性病虫害。该所应用组培繁苗技术,先后为省内外蔗区提供新台糖16号组培苗和组培蔗茎苗进行试种．到目前止,新台糖16号在省内种植面积已达4000多公顷,其中湛江蔗区近4000公顷,1997年10月中旬组织专家进行评议．     

全国第二轮区试中亚热带甘蔗品比新植试验总结

本文指出：在全国第二轮区试中亚热带甘蔗品比新植试验中，综合表现最好的是闽糖90-55，其甘蔗产量高于两对照种，甘蔗蔗糖分不仅高于新台糖10号，而且与川糖17相当，其次是闽糖92-649，其甘蔗蔗糖分高于两个对照种，蔗产量也不低，故其含糖量仅次于闽糖90-55，其余各品种则各有千秋；福农91-21的茎径最大，平均2.99cm，其单产也超过了两对照种，福农91-23大生长期的生长量最大，8月份的生长量达96.2cm，株高249.2cm，其单产位居第三，云蔗89-7的植株最高达262.9cm，单株最重，达1.65Kg，单产位居第四，且其抗旱性最强；桂糖90-95，粤糖89-525，粤糖89-240的甘蔗蔗糖分都高于两个对照种，且都在14%以上；川蔗19号的甘蔗蔗糖分高于新台糖10号，与川蔗17号相当。     

涝害对甘蔗产量及蔗糖分积累的影响

1994年6-8月,左江流域驮卢蔗区遭受了严重的洪涝灾害,不少蔗地淹水,甘蔗损失惨重。本文研究了水淹蔗地的甘蔗形态特征及蔗糖分积累等性状。结果表明,长期水淹蔗田的甘蔗,蔗茎产量和蔗糖分严重下降,受淹宿根蔗地和新植蔗蔗地的甘蔗比重分别比正常蔗下降19.6％和19.1％,产量分别下降47.5％和44.0％.蔗糖分下降0.18-1.52个百分点,直接经济损失1985万元。     

闽糖02205在国家甘蔗品种第十轮区试中的表现

在2014—2015年国家甘蔗品种第十轮区域试验中,闽糖02205(原代号闽糖02-205)表现为植株高度中等,中至中大茎,有效茎数较多,宿根性强。区域试验2年新植1年宿根平均蔗茎产量105.54t/hm2,比对照新台糖22号略减产0.41%;平均蔗糖产量15.79t/hm2,比对照ROC22增产5.13%;平均甘蔗蔗糖分14.83%,比对照新台糖22号增加0.84个百分点。中抗黑穗病和花叶病。     

新台糖16号4个品质性状的分析

新台糖１６号的糖分性状优良，早熟高糖特征明显，平均蔗糖分和１１月份蔗糖分明显高于新台糖１０号和粤糖６３－２３７。成熟后期蔗糖分不易下降。新台糖１６号的蔗汁重力纯度高，蔗汁还原糖分低，甘蔗纤维分与新台糖１０号的相当。     

稻麦双晚对病虫草发生的影响及解决措施

随着早熟晚粳、中熟晚粳广泛种植,水稻轻型省力栽培方式旱直播的推广,病虫也发生了变化,成熟期显著推迟,下茬无法在适宜播期种植,影响粮食丰产稳产。提出筛选早熟当家品种、大力推广机插秧、加大粮食烘干设备的投入、合理施肥、精准植保等对策。     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

加强闽台科技合作交流发展我省甘蔗业

概述了海峡两岸农业交流与合作的现状,提出了应该共同呼吁尽快实现两岸“三通”,开放农业生物技术图书期刊资料交流以及开放生物学科方面网络的思路,以便为农业交流与合作的顺畅开展打好基础,并寄希望能够就糖蔗、果蔗以及甘蔗笋等方面的研究与开发到台湾学习取经,开展学术交流或与台湾同行共同开展研究,为我省甘蔗业的发展作出贡献。     

种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考

种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键，是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实“育繁推一体化”种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中，受制于行业发展水平，种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程，提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要，在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上，分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求，加强种业应用性研究，建立先进的种子质量检验体系，研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备，打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系，完善种业科学技术学科建设，促进种业产业持续健康发展。     

Tuber and starch quality of wild and cultivated potato species and cultivars

Summary Between 1993 and 1998 205 different potato cultivars and 1220 accessions/genotypes of wild and cultivated potato species from the IPK Genebank Gatersleben were evaluated. Parameters interesting for starch isolation and especially for the use of starch were determined. Altogether, there was a higher variability in wild potato species than in cultivated potatoes for all characteristics investigated: dry matter content, starch content, protein content, amylose content and mean particle diameter of starch granules.     

Yield and quality of winter and spring triticales for forage and grain

In field experiments conducted over 2 years in Mediterranean conditions, five winter and five spring triticales were evaluated for forage and grain production in the same cropping season. The experiments had two treatments, namely harvesting for grain only, and dual-purpose forage and grain production. In the latter treatment, forage was cut when the first node was detectable (Zadoks' stage 31), without removing the apical meristems. Grain was harvested when ripe (Zadoks' stage 92) in both cut and uncut plots.
Environmental conditions affected grain production and protein content more than forage yield and quality. Winter triticales yielded about 43% more forage than spring types, but after forage removal the spring types yielded about 36% more grain than winter triticales.
Reductions in grain yield after clipping were more pronounced in winter (32%) than in spring (19%) types. Forage crude protein content was significantly higher in the spring types studied (24.6%) than in the winter types (23.5%), the opposite being true for fibre content (20.7 and 21.6% respectively). Grain crude protein content did not differ between grain and dual-purpose treatments, but was higher in the spring triticales (12.8%) than in the winter types (11.9%). There was more variability for the measured traits within the winter triticales studied than within the spring types.     

种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考

种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键,是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实"育繁推一体化"种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中,受制于行业发展水平,种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程,提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要,在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上,分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求,加强种业应用性研究,建立先进的种子质量检验体系,研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备,打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系,完善种业科学技术学科建设,促进种业产业持续健康发展。     

Present Situation and Consideration of Seed Processing and Testing Theory and Technology

Seed processing and testing hold the key to the market circulation of seeds, and are an indispensable link in commercial breeding to endow seeds with commodity attributes. The research of seed processing and testing theory and technology is an important link in improving the seed industry chain, realizing large-scale commercial breeding and consolidating the seed industry science of ‘integration of breeding, propagation and promotion’. The scientific and technological system of seed industry in China is being formed and perfected, which is subject to the development level of the industry. The theory and technology of seed processing and testing are relatively weak. We reviewed the development of seed processing and testing theory and technology, and put forward strategies and suggestions to improve the sound development of China’s seed industry. In order to meet the needs of seed industry development and on the basis of high quality breeding of varieties, the new directions and demands of seed processing and testing theory and technology were analyzed. We will work to strengthen the applied research of seed industry, establish advanced seed quality inspection system, improve seed processing equipment suitable for the development needs of modern seed industry, establish standardized production system of seed processing industry, develop the scientific and technological disciplines of seed industry, and promote the sustainable and healthy development of seed industry.