一例奶牛曲霉菌病的诊断

本文通过临床病史、尸体剖检、组织病理学、血液涂片以及肺脏触片方法综合诊断了1例病死奶牛曲霉菌病。病牛表现为喜卧、精神沉郁、体温升高。尸体剖检可见下颌淋巴结肿大,心外膜、心内膜出血,肺脏尖叶实变、肺脏表面可见大小不等脓肿结节,真胃胃壁可见出血性坏死灶、真胃黏膜弥散分布小溃疡灶。组织病理学可见肺组织内大小不等霉菌性结节,结节内分布大量曲霉菌菌丝,真胃肌层以及黏膜下层表现为坏死性变化、坏死灶内可见曲霉菌丝。血涂片以及肺脏触片可见血液和肺组织内中性粒细胞增多。综合判断本病例为饲喂发霉玉米引起奶牛的曲霉菌病,因此应加强奶牛的饲养管理,减少曲霉菌病的发生。     

家兔巴氏杆菌病的诊断与病理学观察

为进一步对兰州市某兔场肉兔自然发生疑似巴氏杆菌病病例进行确诊和病理学研究,本研究采用细菌分离培养、生化试验鉴定、动物实验、病理组织切片制作等方法和技术对采集的病料分别进行了细菌学检测和病理组织学观察。结果表明,病料瑞氏染色可见两端着色椭圆形短杆菌,分离培养、生化鉴定及动物实验表明该病原为多杀性巴氏杆菌。组织病理学变化表现为,病兔肺脏为程度不等大叶性肺炎或大叶性肺炎混合化脓性肺炎;全身淋巴结呈程度不等出血性淋巴结炎,尤以肠系膜淋巴结突出;肝脏呈程度不等变质性肝炎;心肌纤维程度不等变性、坏死;脾脏淋巴细胞程度不等坏死;肾脏肾小管上皮变性坏死,部分可见局灶性化脓性肾炎。同时,病变实质器官间质充血、出血,血管壁纤维素样坏死。研究结果证明,本次兰州市某兔场该兔病为巴氏杆菌病,其主要特征性病理变化特点为肺脏呈纤维素性肺炎或纤维素性—化脓性肺炎,全身实质器官的广泛变性、坏死及间质的出血。     

一例病死金丝猴的病原分离鉴定与病理形态学观察

对甘肃省某动物保护中心1只病死金丝猴进行了详细的病原分离鉴定与病理学观察。病原分离鉴定证实为多杀性巴氏杆菌感染。剖检可见金丝猴肺脏体积增大,高度淤血呈典型的大叶性肺炎,心脏、肝脏、肾脏、脾脏及肠系膜淋巴结等实质广泛充血、出血。病理组织学观察,肺脏有严重的充血和水肿,肺泡内有出血性和纤维素性渗出物,呈大叶性肺炎的充血水肿期和红色肝变期。其他组织器官的实质细胞广泛变性、坏死。     

肉鸡曲霉菌病的诊断与防治

2003年11月7日,某公司肉鸡养殖服务部报告有多个养户鸡群发病,死亡率高,绎过现场调查,剖检发病鸡,根据临床症状和病理变化,初步诊断为曲霉菌病．随后,禽病室取病鸡肺、气囊,肠等有病变器官的病料带回实验室进行检测,并作病原分离培养,鉴定,最后,确诊为曲霉菌感染。     

鹅曲霉菌挂脑炎的诊断

由烟曲霉、黄曲霉、黑曲霉等曲霉菌属所致的曲霉菌病是禽类及哺乳动物常见的疾病，尤其在每年高湿、温暖的霉雨季节是水禽高发期，易造成较大的损失。自从上世纪80年代以来，在患曲霉菌病的幼鹅群中，常有以神经症状为特征和致死率很高的病例出现，患鹅以脑炎和脑组织坏死灶为病理变化特征。经微生物分离鉴定，多为烟曲霉和黄曲霉所致。     

高龄大熊猫多器官衰竭的病理学观察

本文观察了1只38岁高龄的大熊猫多器官衰竭的病理学变化。病理剖检显示，该熊猫主要表现为实质器官充血、水肿和出血性变化；组织病理学检查发现，全身实质器官（除心、肺、脑外）均发生明显萎缩，胃、肠、肝、胰、肾等发生水肿变性或出血；此外，还观察到心肌纤维坏死后的瘢痕形成。结果表明，老龄大熊猫的多器官衰竭的病理学变化与其他动物相似；高龄大熊猫也易患心血管系统疾病，且具有较经的组织修复能力。     

蛋雏鸡曲霉菌感染的诊断报告

曲霉菌病(asperg illos is)是鸡常见的一种霉菌性疾病,多见幼雏感染,危害较大,发病率、死亡率较高。2005年4月,河北某商品蛋鸡场幼雏鸡群疑似发生了曲霉菌病,作者根据临床症状、剖检变化、病原菌分离鉴定及病理组织学观察,确诊为曲霉菌病,并采取了有效的防制措施,控制了本病的发生与流行。     

鸡新城疫的心脏、肝脏和肠的病理损伤石蜡切片研究

本试验利用病理石蜡切片技术研究新城疫病鸡的免疫器官的组织病理学变化,探讨新城疫病毒对鸡心脏,肝脏和肠的损伤机理。光镜下的病理主要表现在肠、胸腺、脾脏、胰脏、盲肠扁桃体等,以消化道的出血性炎症为主,勃膜层淋巴细胞增多,部分上皮细胞坏死、出血。     

人工感染猪丹毒杆菌肉鸽的病理变化

用猪丹毒杆菌人工感染2月龄肉鸽,对其进行临床症状,病理剖检及病理组织学观察。试验结果表明,人工感染猪丹毒杆菌肉鸽在接种细菌后12h出现症状,18～45h全部死亡。剖检可见肠道卡他性炎,脾呈典型的败血性变化,心、肝、肾、肺等不同程度的淤血和出血。病理组织学检查表明,在感染肉鸽的心、肝、肾、肺等组织出现炎症及坏死性脾炎等病变。     

雁鹅软脚症的病例组织学观察分析

实验针对肇庆某鹅场患软脚症的病鹅进行了详细的剖检观察,并采用常规石蜡切片和HE染色的方法对其心、肝、脾、肾、肺、脑、胰、肠等器官组织进行了详细的病理学变化观察.     

Development of a mixed antigen agar gel enzyme assay (AGEA) for the detection of antibodies to poxvirus in chicken and turkey sera

A mixed-antigen agar gel enzyme assay (AGEA) was developed to detect antibodies to poxviruses in chicken and turkey sera. The assay combines the principles of immunodiffusion and enzyme assay. For the detection of antibodies to fowl poxvirus (FP), pigeon poxvirus (PP) and turkey poxvirus (TP) in turkey serum samples, the three antigens were combined to form a mixed-antigen assay. To screen for antibodies to FP and PP in chicken serum samples, the two antigens were combined. When FP and PP viruses were combined as antigens, the sensitivity for chicken sera was 64% but the sensitivity of the agar gel precipitation test (AGPT) was 34% (P<0.001). When antibodies were detected in turkey sera using the mixed antigens, the AGEA had a sensitivity of 66.4% while that of AGPT was 25% (P<0.001).     

Isolation and molecular biological investigations of avian poxviruses from chickens, a turkey, and a pigeon in Croatia

In the last 3 yr, several outbreaks of avian poxviruses (APVs) have been observed in different parts of Croatia. Four strains of APVs, from chickens, a pigeon, and a turkey, were isolated from cutaneous lesions by inoculation onto the chorioallantoic membranes (CAM) of 12-day-old specific-pathogen-free chicken embryos. The resulting proliferative CAM lesions contained eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion bodies. The characteristic viral particles of poxvirus were detected in the infected CAM and also in the infected tissues by transmission electron microscopy. Further identification and differentiation of the four various APVs were carried out by the use of a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) combined with restriction enzyme analysis. Using one primer set, which framed a region within the APV 4b core protein gene, it was possible to detect APV-specific DNA from all four tested isolates. PCR results revealed no recognizable differences in size of amplified fragments between the different APVs from chickens, turkey, and pigeon. Restriction enzyme analysis of PCR products using NlaIII showed the same cleavage pattern for turkey and chicken isolates and a different one for the pigeon isolate. Multiplex PCR for direct detection of APV and reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV) was carried out to determine the possible integration of REV in the genome of isolated APVs. The obtained results revealed that REV was present in chicken and turkey strains of poxviruses, whereas the pigeon isolate was negative. It is not known whether the avipoxvirus vaccine strain used in Croatia is contaminated with REV or if the REV is naturally contaminating Croatian field strains of fowl poxvirus. The latter is indicated by the negative REV finding in the pigeon, which was not vaccinated. The results of the present study indicate the reemergence of fowlpox in Croatia, where infections have not been recorded since 1963 and never confirmed etiologically.     

Classification of Cryptococcus neoformans and yeast-like fungus isolates from pigeon droppings by colony phenotyping and ITS genotyping and their seasonal variations in Korea

Cryptococcus neoformans (C neoformans) is a frequent cause of invasive fungal disease in immunocompromised human hosts. Ninety-eight samples of pigeon droppings were collected from the pigeon shelters in Seoul, and cultured on birdseed agar (BSA) and Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA). One hundred yeast-like colonies were selected and identified via phenotype characteristics, such as colony morphology and biochemical characteristics. This was then followed with genotyping via sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region. The colonies were classified into four kinds of colony color types: brown type (BrT), beige type (BeT), pink type (PT), and white type (WT). Numbers of isolated BrT, BeT, PT, and WT colonies were 22 (22%), 30 (30%), 19 (19%), and 39 (39%), respectively. All BrT colonies were identified as C neoformans. BeT were identified as 19 isolates of Cryptococcus laurentii, 10 isolates of Malassezia furfur, and 1 isolate of Cryptococcus uniguttulatus. PT was divided into two colony color types: light-PT (l-PT) and deep-PT (d-PT). Eighteen of l-PT and one of d-PT were identified as Rhodotorula glutinis and Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, respectively. WT were identified as 34 isolates of Cryptococcus guilliermondii, 3 isolates of Cryptococcus zeylanoides, 1 isolate of Cryptococcus sake, and 1 isolate of Stephanoascus ciferrii. Most strains were classified identically with the use of either phenotype or genotyping techniques, but C uniguttulatus and C sake classified by phenotyping were Pseudozyma aphidis and Cryptococcus famata by genotyping. This rapid screening technique of pathogenic yeast-like fungi by only colony characteristics is also expected to be very useful for primary yeast screening. Additionally, we investigated the seasonal variations of C neoformans and other yeast-like fungi from 379 pigeon-dropping samples that were collected from February 2011 to March 2011. We isolated 685 yeast-like fungi from the samples. Almost all C neoformans and yeast-like fungi were isolated in the fall (298 strains, 43.5%) and spring (244 strains, 35.6%). A few yeast-like fungi were isolated in winter (98 strains, 14.3%) and summer (45 strains, 6%). These results would be used as an important indicator related to epidemiology and prevention of pathogenic yeast-like fungi infections transmitted through pigeon droppings.     

应用茜素-β-D-半乳糖苷快速检验食品中的大肠菌群

用茜素 β D 半乳糖苷琼脂和行标SNO16 9- 1992指定的结晶紫中性红胆盐琼脂 (VRBA)对比检测 13种相关标准菌株和 70份食物样品。二者对标准菌株的检测结果完全一致 ,对食物样品检测结果的符合率也较接近。大肠菌群在茜素 β D 半乳糖苷琼脂中 2 4h内可长成较大的鲜明红色 ,轮廓清晰 ,易于辨认 ,可作为计数食品中大肠菌群的任选方法加以应用     

某肉鸽场暴发蛔虫病的诊治

某肉鸽场成年鸽群突发死亡,死亡率为2.5%,临床剖检可见胃肠道大量蛔虫寄生, 应用饱和蔗糖溶液漂浮法对该鸽场共226份粪便样品进行调查,共发现4种蠕虫：蛔虫、圆线虫、绦虫和毛细线虫,感染率分别为39.8%、2.7%、2.7%和2.2%,其中,蛔虫为主要感染虫种,且感染强度较大,确诊该场暴发了蛔虫病。随后对鸽群进行针对性治疗,用药后鸽群未再出现死亡,蛔虫感染率从39.8%下降到19.8%,感染强度明显降低,圆线虫和绦虫未能检出,表明该场鸽肠道寄生蠕虫病得到较好的防治。     

Development of a polymerase chain reaction-based in vivo method in the diagnosis of subclinical pigeon circovirus infection

This paper describes a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based method performed on blood samples and intestinal content to detect subclinical pigeon circovirus (PiCV) infection in live pigeons. In addition, two sets of primers (primer set 1 and 2), designed in two different regions of the viral genome, were used to provide evidence of possible differences in PCR responses. Blood and intestinal content samples were randomly collected from a total of 50 apparently healthy meat pigeons, aged 1 to 5 wk, which came from central Italy. Samples of primary lymphoid organs were also collected. Results showed a high level of PiCV infection, although clinical signs were not present. The results obtained with the two sets of primers showed that primer set 2 was able to detect a higher number of PCR-positive pigeons (45 of 50 pigeons) than primer set 1 (11 of 50 pigeons). In both cases an increase in positive results with pigeon age indicates that the major direction of transmission is likely horizontal. In these circumstances feces can play an important epidemiologic role, as supported by the consistent circovirus detection in intestinal content. The high sensitivity of this PCR test, which is able to detect very low amounts of viral DNA (5.5 x 10(-3) fg of plasmid containing the cloned PiCV genome), makes it suitable for possible application as an epidemiologic tool for identifying virus carriers for subsequent removal from lofts.     

不同品种肉鸽的生长性能及相关性分析

为研究不同品种肉鸽的种质特征,本实验以白卡奴鸽、泰深鸽、深王鸽、银王鸽及白王鸽为实验材料,测量每个品种30对种鸽体重及体尺,比较品种间的差异,并进行各指标间的相关分析。结果表明:白王鸽体型最大,其龙骨长、胫长、胫围及胸深均显著高于其他品种;深王鸽体型中等,其母鸽体重、胸宽、骨盆宽均显著高于白卡奴鸽、泰深鸽和银王鸽;银王鸽和白卡奴鸽体型最小。相关分析结果表明,白卡奴鸽的体重与体斜长显著相关;白王鸽的体重与胫长显著相关;深王鸽体重与体斜长、龙骨长、胫围、胸宽及骨盆宽显著相关;泰深鸽体重与胫围、体斜长显著相关。综上,不同品种体型从大到小依次为白王鸽、深王鸽、泰深鸽、白卡奴鸽和银王鸽,且不同品种、不同性别的肉鸽体重与体尺指标相关性不同。     

Isolation,molecular identification,and phylogenetic evaluation of Cryptococcus neoformans isolated from pigeon lofts,Psittaciformes, and Passeriformes in Ahvaz,Iran

Cryptococcus neoformans, the main pathogen in immunocompromised patients, is a ubiquitous free-living fungus that can be isolated from avian excreta, soils, and plant material. This study was carried out to determine the infection rate of pigeon lofts, Passeriformes, and Psittaciformes in Ahvaz, the capital of Khuzestan province in Iran and to determine varieties of Cryptococcus neoformans (C. neoformans). The 80 samples were collected from pigeon lofts. Also, 163 feces of captive birds (Passeriformes and Psittaciformes) which kept in Ahvaz pet shops, and the 70 cloacal swabs of pet birds (Passeriformes and psittaciformes) referring to the department of avian medicine (the faculty of veterinary medicine of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz) were analyzed. The samples were directly inoculated on niger seed agar (NSA) and also enriched in brain heart infusion broth and then inoculated on NSA. Dark brown colonies suspected to C. neoformans subcultured on saborouds dextrose agar and pure cultures subjected to molecular (polymerase chain reaction (PCR)) diagnosis. For detection of C. neoformans, primer sets that targeting the CNLAC1 gene were selected and nested PCR was conducted. For identification of C. neoformans varieties, a primer set targeting the STR1 gene was selected. For more accurate confirmation, the purified PCR products of some isolates were also sequenced, and based on the gene sequences, all of the isolates belonged to C. neoformans variety grubii (var. grubii)(serotype A). Totally 16 out of 80 pigeon samples (20%) were contaminated with C. neoformans. The results in pigeons disclosed a 98.64% identity when compared with other strains of C. neoformans (CN1525, T4, and T1) which were previously deposited in GenBank from Italy and Thailand. Also, 21 out of 233 samples from Psittaciformes (9.01%) were contaminated with C. neoformans. The results in Psittaciformes disclosed a 99.7% identity when compared with other strains of C. neoformans (TIMM1313, IFM5882, CN1525, etc.) which were previously deposited in GenBank from Japan and Italy, etc. In the present study, the samples belonging to the passerine order were free of C. neoformans infection. According to the results, C. neoformans is prevalent in pigeon flocks and pet birds including Psittaciformes in the Ahvaz area, and should be considered by pigeon and captive bird breeders, veterinarians, and public health organizations in Ahvaz. The cryptococcus species isolated from captive birds and pigeons could be potential pathogens in humans.     

Discontinuous counter-immunoelectrophoresis test for detection of Trypanosoma evansi antibody in buffalo calves and its comparison with agar gel precipitation test

Discontinuous counter-immunoelectrophoresis was used to detect Trypanosoma evansi antibodies in experimentally-infected buffalo calves. The method was found to be simple, reproducible, rapid and sensitive. Results could be read within 15 min and compared favourably with results obtained with the agar gel precipitation test.     

蒽酮-硫酸比色法测定天然鸽乳中可利用糖含量的研究

采用蒽酮-硫酸比色法测定玉米中的可利用糖含量以确定试验测定的最佳条件,并以此条件为对照测定天然鸽乳中可利用糖含量.玉米及天然鸽乳可利用糖溶液经乙醚去脂,高峰氏糖化酶水解,乙醇提取,饱和乙酸铅脱色后制得.结果表明,葡萄糖标准溶液的测定量在0.1～0.6 mg/mL的浓度范围内有良好的线性关系,其回归方程为y=1.6771x 0.0737,相关系数R=0.9987.测定不同的天然鸽乳样品,试验精密度高,重复性好,其可利用糖含量,0～3日龄天然鸽乳为7.45%～7.64%,4～6日龄天然鸽乳为32.08～60.28 %.