茄科蔬菜种子活力测定的研究

本试验选择茄科的茄子、番茄和辣椒各3个品种，于1993年—1995年进行了活力测定的研究。结果表明：控制劣变测定法、盆栽幼苗检验法和发芽测定法在测定茄科3种作物的种子活力水平、判断种子的耐藏性方面是行之有效的方法；四唑（TTC）定量法、电导率测定法也可测定3种作物种子的活力水平，但不能反映种子个体活力水平，只能反映种子群体的活力水平。此外，本试验总结出了茄科的茄子、番茄和辣椒种子在控制劣变测定种子活力时所要求的特定含水量，分别为22．0％、21．0％和19．0％。     

万寿菊种子发芽实验

以万寿菊品种芙蓉8号种子为材料,研究了万寿菊种子发芽最适的漫种时间、温度和处理方法。结果表明:采用标准法催芽时,万寿菊种子发芽最适的浸种时间是8h,最适温度是25℃;毛巾法处理的种子在同等条件下发芽势和发芽率都比标准法处理的种子要高,毛巾法的最佳催芽温度也是25℃。     

杂匀稻种子塑料袋小包装贮存试验报告—种子含量和贮存期对种子生活力的影

选用聚乙烯薄膜小包装袋包装９种不同含水量杂交稻种子，进行种子含水量和贮藏期对种子生活力的影响研究。结果有效地解除穗萌抑制剂对种子发芽的抑制在冬季小包装的杂交稻种子，其种子能保持种用价值的期限与包装时种子含水量呈显著负相关，包装时含水量高，种子活力下降快，则贮存期短；含水量为１０．２％－１０．９％的袋装种子经一年贮存发芽率可保持９３．０％－９４．１５％，含水量１３．５％的袋装种子经８个月贮存芽率可保     

海蓬子种子的发芽特性与贮存方法研究

海蓬子可作为一种盐生油料植物种植开发.通过对海蓬子种子的发芽特性和贮存方法的研究,结果表明,海蓬子有明显的休眠特性,休眠期约为90d;种子发芽数为第4天最高,第10天发芽率＞5%;在半年的贮存时间内,果穗贮藏较脱粒贮藏有显著的差异;初步的试验结果显示,采收黄熟种子贮藏比过熟种子贮藏更有利于延长种子寿命.图1显示,种子发芽数为第4天最高,第8天后发芽数已明显减少,第10天发芽率＞5%.     

蔓性千斤拔种子发芽特性的研究初报

目的:通过蔓性千斤拔种子发芽的特性研究,以提高种子发芽率。方法:通过磨破种皮、浸种、光照、温度和贮存等不同条件的处理,观察各处理种子发芽数,统计种子的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数。结果:经过沙磨破种皮 45℃热水浸种,在25℃的恒温下催芽,蔓性千斤拔种子的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数均最高;10℃低温贮存能保持蔓性千斤拔种子的活性;光照对种子萌发无影响。     

治疗药物成瘾植物非洲马铃果种子萌发的初步研究

目的:研究治疗药物成瘾植物非洲马铃果的发芽特性和脱水耐性.方法:测定非洲马铃果种子形态、千粒重、含水量,利用不同温度、不同光照、不同含水量及贮存条件下种子发芽实验,测定其发芽率.结果:非洲马铃果种子发芽的最适温度为20～25℃,25℃为该种子最适发芽温度;光照对种子发芽没有影;非洲马铃果种子发芽率随种子含水量下降和贮存时间延长而下降.结论:非洲马铃果种子为顽拗性种子.     

太空环境对3个烤烟品种种子活力的贮存效应

红花大金元、G28和K326烤烟种子搭乘“神舟一号”宇宙飞船空间飞行回收后贮存,连续7年观察发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数。结果表明：种子活力指标有显著的太空飞行、品种和贮存时间效应。发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数,在贮存1年后随贮存时间推移而呈现下降的趋势,太空飞行种子的低于地面对照组。发芽势、发芽指数的太空飞行绝对效应和相对效应,G28显著高于红花大金元和K326。贮存时间与种子发芽势、发芽率和发芽指数太空飞行相对效应和绝对效应呈极显著正相关关系。起始种子活力指标对太空飞行效应有明显影响。     

西瓜种子发芽方法介绍

西瓜种子发芽方法介绍河北省保定市种子管理站刘素萍西瓜籽发芽分两种情况：一是检验室发芽方法，二是生产上采用的催芽方法。１检验室发芽方法——国标和国际检验规程简易操作法１．１国际法：大粒种子用毛巾或砂床发芽，西瓜籽一般用毛巾卷。毛巾煮沸拧干至无滴水，铺开...     

羊柴(Hedysarum Laeve Marim)种子发芽率低的原因分析

羊柴种子发芽率低、发芽速度慢是栽培上存在的关键问题。该文通过一系列试验分析证明:室温下贮存一年的羊柴种子活力很高,本身不存在生理休眠。种子发芽率低、发芽速度慢,其原因在于果皮坚硬、致密影响种子吸水;果皮内有萌发抑制物;种皮阻碍O_2进入种胚,限制种子的呼吸代谢。     

隧道式水分测定仪使用中应注意的问题

在快速测定种子水分的方法中，以隧道式水分测定法应用得最为广泛。该方法具有受环境条件影响小、测定结果稳定可靠和耗费时间短等优点。正因为它与标准法的测定结果最为接近，当出现系统和人为误差后往往得不到及时纠正，会影响到种子的运输、贮存和加工。根据自己多年的...     

Relationships between cold- and salt-tolerance during seed germination in tomato: Germplasm evaluation

Thirty tomato accessions representing six Lycopersicon species were evaluated for the rate of seed germination under no stress, cold-stress and salt-stress conditions. Most accessions responded similarly to both cold- and salt-stress conditions (i.e. they were equally sensitive or tolerant to both stresses), however, a few accessions exhibited more sensitivity (or tolerance) to one stress than the other. In addition, some accessions that germinated relatively rapidly under non-stress conditions exhibited great sensitivity to both cold stress and salt stress. Across accessions, significant (P < 0.01) positive phenotypic correlations were observed between germination rate under control and cold stress (r_P= 0.89), control and salt stress (r_P= 0.63) and cold stress and salt stress (r_P= 0.77). The results indicate that the rate of tomato seed germination under non-stress, cold- and salt-stress conditions may be controlled by the same genes (or physiological mechanisms), but additional components may be involved which affect germination rate under specific stress conditions.     

Genotype-Environment Interactions and Stability Analysis for Herbage and Seed Yields of Forage Peas Under Rainfed Conditions

Twenty-five genotypes of forage peas (Pisum sativum L.) were evaluated under rainfed conditions for two years at four locations in Syria and one in Lebanon. Since local climatic variation is significant, each location in each year was treated as a separate environment, to give ten environments. Genotype-environment interactions (GXE) were analysed using linear regression techniques. There was considerable variation in herbage and seed yields within both genotypes and environments. Genotype-environment interactions were present for both herbage and seed yields; a large proportion of these interactions was accounted for by the linear regression. Although the non-linear component was also significant, its magnitude was smaller than that of the linear component. The highest and most stable herbage yields were obtained from accessions 46/61, 135/175, 3211/323, 99/103 and 88/335. The highest and most stable seed yields were produced by accessions 4/166, 2428/240, 424/242 and 88/335. Accession 88/335 from Germany, F.R. was the only genotype to combine high herbage and seed yields with wide adaptation and stability and could thus be considered the most widely adapted genotype. Other stable genotypes were identified as suitable for poor environments. Yield of the locally collected genotype, though often high, was found to be unstable. The importance of genotype-environment interactions in future breeding strategies is discussed.     

不同棉花品种种子活力对低温和人工老化胁迫的反应差异

为探讨棉花种子活力的品种差异及不同种子活力测定方法对棉子活力结果的影响,以17个棉花主栽品种(系)为材料,用简化的标准发芽、低温发芽和人工老化发芽3种方法测定棉花种子活力,并分析种子物理性状与种子活力的相关性。结果表明:3种活力测定方法下不同品种间种子活力均存在较大差异,各活力指标表现趋势也不一致,低温条件主要抑制种子幼苗的生长势,老化条件则主要抑制种子的发芽率。简化的标准发芽的活力指数与2种逆境发芽下的活力指数间的相关性较低。对3种测定方法的种子活力指标进行聚类分析,筛选出中棉所102、新陆中42、湘杂7号、XG39K5、屯杂6号及皖杂9号等高活力品种。低温和人工老化发芽条件显著降低了种子活力与种子各物理性状间的相关性。种子密度和健子率在不同发芽条件下均与种子活力关系最密切,可作为判断棉花种子活力大小的物理指标。     

Seed colour, seed weight and seed oil content in Linum usitatissimum accessions held by Plant Gene Resources of Canada

The purpose of this study was to investigate variation of and relationships among seed colour, seed weight and seed oil content in cultivated flax (Linum usitatissimum L. ssp. usitatissimum). Seed from 2934 flax genebank accessions recently grown at Saskatoon, SK, Canada, originating from 72 countries was used to describe the variation of the seed characters. The dominant seed colour of the accessions was medium brown (2730 accessions, 93.0%), followed by yellow (126 accessions, 4.3%). Based on single observations for all accessions, the overall mean and standard deviation was 5.95 ± 1.22 mg/seed for seed weight and 38.3 ± 1.74% for oil concentration. Within three infraspecific groups of flax, seed weight, oil concentration and oil amount per seed increased in the following order: fibre flax (convar. elongatum), intermediate flax (convar. usitatissimum), large‐seeded flax (convar. mediterraneum). The world collection exceeded the range of variation of seed weight and oil concentration found in 52 North American cultivars. There was a weak, positive association of higher oil concentration with higher seed weight (r² = 0.32; P < 0.001). Yellow‐seeded flax had a higher seed weight (6.31 vs. 5.92 mg/seed) and oil concentration (39.4% vs. 38.3%) than brown‐seeded flax. There was a tendency for yellow seed colour to be associated with higher oil concentration in all seed weight classes. The results suggested that indirect selection for increased seed oil concentration in flax is possible by selection for higher seed weight and yellow seed colour.     

河北种质库部分作物种子生活力监测分析

对河北省种质库中21种作物1.3万多份种子进行了生活力监测,结果表明,①贮存12~17年后,94.55%以上的被监测种子发芽率仍保持在80%以上,但有292份种子(占被监测份数的2.00%)发芽率出现了明显下降(从80%以上降至70%以下)。②不同作物种子发芽率的变化趋势不完全相同,燕麦和冬小麦亲本两种作物种子平均监测发芽率出现了显著下降。同一作物不同品种、荞麦、冬小麦和玉米不同类型、燕麦入库不同批次、夏大豆不同收获年代等贮藏后发芽率的变化也存在明显差异。与黄粒玉米相比,白粒玉米监测发芽率显著低于入库发芽率,但尚需扩大监测品种数量以验证其普遍性。     

甜瓜种子老化对种子活力的影响

采用人工老化处理的方法对当年采收的甜瓜种子进行48h～216h中8个时间段的处理,加对照、1993和1986年种子,经恒温发芽、低温发芽、TTC测定和田间出苗试验,结果显示:甜瓜种子活力随人工和自然老化的时间延长而降低,其中短期处理种子的发芽率,出苗率下降不太明显,而反映发芽速度、幼芽生长状况的相应指标出现变化提前。长期处理的种子上述几种指标均有明显下降。种子活力越低,种子的适应性越差。POD、CAT活性随种子老化程度的加重而降低;MAD含量则随种子的活力降低而升高。认为室内选用发芽率与发芽速率或幼芽生长指标相结合的方法能够较为实际的反映出种子的活力。     

Seed quality attributes of food-grade soybeans from the U.S. and Asia

Diversity of food-grade soybeans is critical for utilization of genetic resources in cultivar development, germplasm enhancement, and end-product commercialization. The objective of this study was to assess seed quality attributes and phenotypic variability among 54 U.S. and 51 Asian food-grade cultivars and breeding lines. The results showed greater genetic diversity of protein content, calcium content, seed hardness, and seed size uniformity than other quality traits in both small- and large-seeded genotypes evaluated in this study. Among the small-seeded soybeans, the U.S. genotypes were more diverse and exhibited higher swell ratio and oil content but lower stone seed ratio and protein content than Asian accessions. Among the large-seeded accessions, U.S. genotypes had higher stone seed ratio and oil content but lower swell ratio and protein content, and were less diverse than Asian genotypes. The characterization of diverse food-grade soybeans will facilitate parent selection in specialty soybean breeding.     

Electrophoretic Characterization of Quinoa Seed Proteins

Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd) is an important domesticated food crop of the Andean highlands with potential as an alternative crop elsewhere. Among its most attractive characteristics are the quantity and favorable amino acid balance of the seed proteins. The objective of this study was to characterize quinoa seed proteins by electrophoretic mobility, solubility fractionation, and genetic variability from a wide genetic base. Electrophoretic profiles of denatured albumin, globulin, prolamin, and glutelin solubility fractions demonstrated that quinoa seed polypeptides could be classified as either albumin or globulin with most predominant polypeptides in the globulin fraction. Insignificant amounts of protein were present in the prolamin fraction and all polypeptides in the glutelin fraction had identical electrophoretic mobilities to albumins and globulins. Three globulin polypeptides of 34.3, 35.6, and 36.2 kilodaltons in size were highly variable within and among the accessions examined and appear to be coded by at least two loci. Two-dimensional peptide mapping revealed that these three polypeptides were homologous. These highly variable markers could be used for identification and classification of germplasm and elucidation of systematics and genetic variability within the quinoa germplasm pool. All other major polypeptides were electrophoretically invariant among the accessions examined.     

党参种子发芽率调查研究

为了给党参种子质量标准的制定提供重要依据,做了党参种子发芽率的调查研究。首先,在党参不同产区收集党参种子18份,然后在不同条件下对党参种子的发芽状况做了比较,筛选出最适发芽条件。结果表明：党参种子最适发芽温度是20℃,并且需要光照;最适发芽床为纸床（TP）,在折叠床上容易滋生霉斑,影响种子发芽;党参种子发芽率随贮藏时间加长而降低,陈种子严重影响着种子质量,新采的种子在常温条件下1年后即丧失活力,在-20℃低温条件下可以保存半年;山西种子发芽率高,其平均发芽率比甘肃地区的种子高出38.37%;党参种子质量标准涉及发芽率、净度、千粒重、含水量等指标,其中发芽率是决定种子质量的重要因素。     

夏蜡梅种子形态结构和种子萌发研究

为了解夏蜡梅种子形态结构和萌发特性,以其种子为研究对象,用体视显微镜结合石蜡切片法观察夏蜡梅种子形态和种胚的解剖结构,用称重法测定不同处理种子吸水率,并统计不同贮藏种子萌发情况。结果表明,夏蜡梅种子呈不规则纺锤状或长圆形,由种皮和胚两部分组成,属双子叶无胚乳种子;外种皮致密坚硬,深褐色、有光泽,透水能力较差,通过刻伤种皮,可显著提高吸水率;内种皮薄膜状,浅褐色,紧贴种胚;种胚发育较为成熟,白色或淡黄色,胚细胞富含淀粉粒,子叶发育良好,两片子叶相互卷合,胚芽分化不明显;湿沙冬藏处理可缩短种子萌发时间并显著提高发芽率,高达(72.22±6.44)%;刻伤种皮处理,可显著提高吸水率,从而打破休眠,提高其发芽率。研究表明,水分冲破种皮对破除夏蜡梅种子休眠和促进萌发极为重要。