陆地棉GhLEA3基因的克隆及其响应低温胁迫表达分析

【目的】本研究旨在探索棉花GhLEA3基因的结构特征及其在低温胁迫下的表达模式,研究其抗逆功能。【方法】利用同源序列克隆法在陆地棉中克隆GhLEA3;采用生物信息学方法分析其蛋白质性质,构建系统进化树。采用In-Fusion连接技术构建融合蛋白表达载体35S∷GhLEA3-GFP并进行亚细胞定位;在棉花三叶期进行叶片低温表达分析;采用农杆菌介导的花序浸染法将GhLEA3基因转入拟南芥;对T_3转基因拟南芥种子进行4℃低温萌发试验;低温处理后测转基因拟南芥叶片的电导率。【结果】GhLEA3基因编码序列全长1 218bp,编码405个氨基酸;GhLEA3蛋白含有4个功能结构域PF02987。陆地棉GhLEA3与拟南芥AtLEA3氨基酸序列之间相似性为52.6%。GhLEA3蛋白可能定位在液泡和小泡中。GhLEA3基因在低温处理的棉花叶片中上调表达。T_3转基因拟南芥低温萌发率显著高于野生型,低温处理后转基因拟南芥叶片电导率显著低于野生型。【结论】陆地棉GhLEA3属于典型的LEA3家族成员,与拟南芥AtLEA3亲缘关系最近;该基因响应低温胁迫,可能在抗冷中起重要作用。     

陆地棉苗期低温响应基因GhZAT10的克隆及功能研究

【目的】挖掘棉花耐冷相关基因,为培育棉花耐冷品种奠定基础。【方法】克隆陆地棉基因GhZAT10(Zinc finger of Arabidopsis thaliana 10),通过实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应(Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction,qRT-PCR)分析冷处理前后该基因在根、茎、叶的表达;通过生物信息学方法分析Gh ZAT10基因结构及其编码的蛋白质性质及进化关系;通过Gateway技术构建蛋白表达载体35S::GhZAT10-GFP进行亚细胞定位;利用病毒诱导的基因沉默技术研究低温胁迫下GhZAT10在棉花耐冷反应中的功能。【结果】GhZAT10基因开放阅读框长度为813 bp(base pair,碱基对),编码270个氨基酸;GhZAT10在根中表达量高于茎和叶,低温胁迫下在3种组织中均上调表达。GhZAT10蛋白无信号肽,不包含跨膜螺旋,且其活性与其磷酸化调控关系密切。陆地棉GhZAT10与可可、拟南芥、甜橙中的ZAT10蛋白亲缘关系较近;GhZAT10蛋白定位在细胞核;沉默GhZAT10基因使棉花的耐冷能力减弱。【结论】GhZAT10蛋白属于C_2H_2型锌指蛋白,在陆地棉冷胁迫响应信号途径中具有积极作用。     

转录组与蛋白组技术结合分析水稻耐低温分子机制

低温冷害是影响水稻生长发育最严重的非生物胁迫之一。鉴定水稻耐冷相关功能基因、解析其调控耐冷性的分子机制,对水稻耐冷性分子育种有重要意义。本研究以强耐冷的粳稻品种‘丽江新团黑谷’(LTH)和低温敏感的籼稻品种‘三黄占2号’(SHZ-2)为材料,通过全基因组转录和蛋白表达谱分析这两个品种对低温响应的差异,鉴定LTH和SHZ-2差异表达的基因和蛋白及其信号通路。研究显示,两个材料中差异表达基因主要富集在蛋白代谢途径、糖代谢途径和膜转运相关途径等生物学过程,并发现抗病相关防卫基因在抗病但不耐冷的SHZ-2中上调,而在耐冷但不抗病的LTH中没有显著上调,表明水稻抗病性与耐冷性存在内在关系。此外,还发现LTH和SHZ-2之间存在很多在转录水平和翻译水平表达差异不一致的基因。本研究从转录和翻译水平对耐冷和低温敏感两个水稻品种在低温胁迫下的响应进行分析,研究结果促进对水稻苗期耐冷性分子调控机制的全面认识,并为下一步水稻耐冷基因的鉴定和耐冷性分子机制的深入研究奠定基础。     

低温胁迫对水稻苗期根系影响的蛋白质组学研究

为了从蛋白质水平揭示水稻苗期响应低温胁迫的分子机理,以耐冷性强的东乡野生稻和冷敏感品种中嘉早17为材料,于5℃低温处理0,1,2,3 d后分别测定根系活力、过氧化物酶活性、超氧化物歧化酶活性、丙二醛含量等生理指标。随后利用iTRAQ技术对5℃低温处理3 d后水稻幼苗的根系差异蛋白质组进行分析。通过生理指标分析,5℃低温处理影响东乡野生稻和中嘉早17的根系生理指标,且在低温处理第3天,两者已出现明显差异。通过差异蛋白质组学分析,与常温(25℃)相比,东乡野生稻经低温处理后共鉴定到167个差异蛋白,其中,上调表达蛋白61个,下调表达蛋白106个;中嘉早17经低温处理后共鉴定到261个差异表达蛋白,其中,上调表达蛋白122个,下调表达蛋白139个。通过GO功能分析,这些差异蛋白质主要参与代谢、细胞和单机体过程,主要涉及细胞及细胞成分,主要起着结合和催化作用。通过KEGG分析,这些差异蛋白质主要参与代谢、次级代谢产物合成和碳代谢等代谢通路。通过对东乡野生稻和中嘉早17中均发生差异表达的29个蛋白质的进一步分析,了解到两者受低温危害后根系部分蛋白质的表达动态。本研究鉴定到的差异表达蛋白质为进一步阐述水稻耐冷机理及耐冷基因的挖掘提供理论依据。     

抗黄萎病海岛棉叶片在大丽轮枝菌胁迫下的蛋白组学分析

【目的】探讨海岛棉抗黄萎病材料的抗病机理,寻找可能的抗病基因。【方法】以高抗黄萎病海岛棉材料长312为试材,利用蛋白质双向凝胶电泳和质谱鉴定技术探讨棉花在大丽轮枝菌胁迫下蛋白质水平的变化。【结果】在接种大丽轮枝菌2 h后,长312叶片中有11个蛋白表达水平下调,15个蛋白表达水平上调;下调表达的蛋白主要是与光合作用及碳同化相关的一些酶类,推测大丽轮枝菌危害棉花叶片主要是破坏其光合系统;表达水平上调的蛋白主要是一些与光合作用、碳同化相关的酶类及苯醌还原酶、β-D-半乳糖苷酶、14-3-3f蛋白等抗病蛋白。【结论】推测海岛棉对黄萎病的防御机制发生在2个层面:一是被动防御,可能通过叶绿体ⅡA-B结合蛋白、核酮糖二磷酸羧化酶等下调蛋白的同工蛋白上调表达保持抗病海岛棉光合系统的稳定,通过组蛋白和14-3-3f蛋白的高表达保持抗病海岛棉植株细胞的稳定性;二是主动防御,可能通过高表达β-D-半乳糖苷酶和苯醌还原酶等参与海岛棉的抗病反应。     

陆地棉PPO基因全基因组鉴定及对黄萎病菌的响应分析

【目的】多酚氧化酶(Polyphenol oxidases,PPO)广泛参与植物抵抗病虫害等生物逆境胁迫的过程。本研究旨在研究棉花中的PPO基因及其表达模式,验证多酚氧化酶与棉花抗黄萎病的关系。【方法】分析了黄萎病菌V991侵染下异源四倍体陆地棉TM-1根系中PPO酶活力变化,并利用TM-1的基因组数据库,鉴定相关基因,并进行生物信息学和表达分析。【结果】共筛选到13个候选GhPPO基因。这些基因都不含内含子,所编码的蛋白包含2个铜离子结合位点和PPO的保守序列(酪氨酸酶、DWL和KFDV保守结构域)。进化分析显示,陆地棉PPO基因的种内相似性大于种间相似性,并且相互之间形成了多对重复基因。GhPPO的表达量差异较大,少数基因具有组织特异表达的特性,多数基因在棉花不同组织中表达量都很低。实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应分析结果表明:GhPPO6D在棉花根系中表达量较高,且在黄萎病菌V991侵染后上调。【结论】GhPPO6D可能参与了棉花与黄萎病菌的互作过程,与V991侵染后棉花根系PPO酶活力上升相关。     

桃叶片低温响应转录组分析

抗寒是桃育种工作重要的目标性状,受多个基因的调控,转录组测序是对特定生理条件下的转录本进行测序分析,用以深入探究桃叶片低温响应的分子机制。以熊岳巨桃的叶片为试验材料对4℃低温(LT)处理下和正常叶片(RT)进行转录组测序分析。利用DESeq2进行差异表达分析,获得72个上调差异表达基因和3个下调表达基因。KEGG代谢通路分析差异表达基因的代谢通路,并进行蛋白的互作预测。结果显示,低温处理的叶片呈现卷曲、变黄和失水的生理状态,差异代谢基因主要富集在植物病原体互作、MAPK信号通路和次生物质代谢积累等途径。MYC2、SPCH和Pti4～6转录因子可能在响应冷胁迫中调节低温带来的伤害中起到重要作用,MYC2和CBF蛋白预测相互作用,且分别与多个蛋白互作。本研究表明,有多个代谢途径共同响应桃叶片的低温胁迫,还预测到了可能在冷反应调节途径中起到关键作用的相关转录因子,为探究桃响应冷胁迫的分子机制打下基础。     

黄瓜耐冷相关基因的表达分析

低温胁迫是影响黄瓜正常生长的主要障碍因子之一,其耐冷性强弱直接影响黄瓜产量。关于黄瓜耐冷性的鉴定及耐冷机制已有较多研究,鲜有耐冷基因的报道。为挖掘黄瓜耐冷基因,提高其耐冷性,本研究根据拟南芥及其他作物中已报道的耐冷基因并结合相关转录组信息,筛选出12个耐冷相关基因。并利用5份不同耐冷级别的黄瓜材料,对12个耐冷相关基因进行表达分析,进一步确定5个差异表达基因,明确5个基因在低温胁迫中的表达模式,为下一步对其进行功能研究奠定了基础。     

基于表达谱分析陆地棉DUF642基因家族抗逆功能

【目的】DUF642(Domain of unknown function 642 genes)是1个未知功能基因家族,在植物逆境胁迫响应中发挥重要作用。本研究旨在分析其在棉花抗逆反应中的功能。【方法】基于陆地棉基因组数据,系统地鉴定DUF642基因家族。利用生物信息学方法分析基因结构、理化性质、亚细胞定位、亲缘关系、启动子顺式作用元件等。应用转录组数据和实时定量聚合酶链式反应技术分析该家族基因在不同组织和多种逆境(冷、热、干旱、盐和黄萎病菌)胁迫下的表达规律。【结果】陆地棉基因组中包含23个DUF642基因,分布于14条染色体和1条Scaffold;编码的蛋白含有1～2个保守的DUF642结构域,多定位在细胞膜。DUF642家族基因可分成4个亚组,在进化上相对保守。DUF642基因具有较为广泛的组织表达类型,其中根和叶中表达较高。通过启动子和胁迫表达分析,推测Gh DUF642-09参与棉花抗盐胁迫;GhDUF642-08和GhDUF642-19参与棉花抗黄萎病;GhDUF642-02、GhDUF642-14和Gh DUF642-17参与棉花生长发育和抗逆胁迫。【结论】本研究结果为进一步研究DUF642基因家族功能和棉花抗逆分子机制提供了重要的理论依据。     

番茄冷诱导基因SlCMYB1的克隆及其在水稻中异源表达研究

从番茄中克隆了一个编码MYB转录因子家族R2R3-MYB亚类基因SlCMYB1。不同逆境胁迫下的表达模式分析结果表明,该基因受低温、高盐、干旱和ABA胁迫诱导表达。洋葱表皮亚细胞定位研究表明,SlCMYB1为核定位蛋白。为深入了解SlCMYB1基因与非生物逆境应答的关系,我们构建了SlCMYB1基因过表达载体来转化水稻,获得了16个转基因水稻株系。SlCMYB1在水稻中异源表达能显著提高转基因水稻植株的苗期抗冷性,增加脯氨酸合成的关键酶基因OsP5CS1,膜转运蛋白基因OsWCOR413等低温胁迫应答基因的表达水平,这暗示着SlCMYB1与OsP5CS1、OsWCOR413基因处于同一低温调控信号转导路径。本研究结果为通过遗传工程操控低温信号通路的方法改良冷敏感植物抗冷性提供了理论基础。     

Cloning and Functional Analysis of Low Temperature Response Gene,GhZAT10, in Upland Cotton at Seedling Stage

[Objective] The aim of this study is to identify chilling tolerant genes which can provide a basis for breeding upland cotton cultivars with tolerance to chilling. [Method] The GhZAT10 (Zinc finger of Arabidopsis thaliana 10) gene was cloned, and its expression in roots, stems, and leaves was analyzed with cold treatment by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Then we analyzed the structural characteristics of GhZAT10, protein properties and constructed the phylogenetic tree by bioinformatics methods. Next, we constructed subcellular localization vector 35S::GhZAT10-GFP by Gateway technology. Finally, we studied the effect of GhZAT10 in chilling response by virus induced gene silencing of cotton. [Result] The Open reading frame(ORF) length of GhZAT10 gene is 813 bp (base pair), encoding 270 amino acid residues. The expression of GhZAT10 in roots was higher than that in stems and leaves, and up-regulated after chilling stress in these tissues. GhZAT10 does not possess signal peptides or transmembrane helices; its activity is closely related to the phosphorylation regulation. GhZAT10 has homology with the ZAT10 of Theobroma cacao, Arabidopsis thaliana and Citrus sinensis. GhZAT10 protein is located in the nucleus. The GhZAT10-silenced cotton plants were more sensitive to low temperature than wild type. [Conclusion] GhZAT10 belongs to C₂H₂ zinc finger protein, and plays a positive role to response the chilling stress in upland cotton.     

氯化钙对低温胁迫下番茄幼苗的影响

为探究氯化钙如何影响番茄冷胁迫过程,得出氯化钙提高番茄幼苗耐冷性机制,进行了冷害指数调查、生理指标测定。使用光照培养箱低温处理耐冷型‘O-33-1’和冷敏感型‘NY2000’,依照氯化钙处理浓度的不同记为CK、T₁、T₂、T₃,对不同处理调查冷害指数,测定叶绿素含量,测定丙二醛(MDA)、过氧化物酶(POD)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性。研究表明,冷胁迫外源喷施氯化钙时,‘O-33-1’冷害指数、MDA含量、POD含量先下降后升高,叶绿素a含量、叶绿素b含量、SOD活性先升高后下降;‘NY2000’冷害指数先下降后上升,SOD活性先升高后下降,MDA含量不断升高,叶绿素a含量、叶绿素b含量基本不变,POD则表现得没有规律。不同品种响应氯化钙提高耐冷性表现出差异;低温胁迫下,叶绿素的降解受到抑制从而提高了番茄幼苗耐冷性;耐冷性的提高与外源氯化钙导致抗氧化酶活性提高有关。     

水氮耦合对直播早籼稻苗期低温冷害的调控效应

为探究水氮耦合对直播早籼稻苗期低温冷害的调控作用,以耐冷品种湘早籼6号和冷敏感品种中嘉早17为供试材料,设置适温不施氮（CK）、低温不施氮（LT-0N）、低温低氮（LT-LN）、低温高氮（LT-HN）、低温淹水不施氮（LTF-0N）、低温淹水低氮（LTF-LN）和低温淹水高氮（LTF-HN）7个处理,处理5d,分析秧苗农艺性状、抗氧化酶活性、渗透调节物质、氮代谢相关酶与光合酶活性、内源激素含量等生理生态特性。结果表明,水氮耦合可缓解低温冷害对直播早籼稻造成的伤害。与LT-LN处理相比,LT-HN处理5d后冷敏感品种中嘉早17的苗高、根数、最大根长、鲜重、干重、顶部第1和第3片叶长显著增加;与LTF-0N处理相比,LTF-LN和LTF-HN处理5d后,不同耐性品种的根数、根长、鲜重和顶部第3片叶长显著增加,LTF-LN处理的根数和鲜重高于LTF-HN处理。与LT-0N处理相比,LT-HN和LTF-LN处理显著增加冷敏感品种中嘉早17叶片氮代谢相关酶和光合酶活性、硝态氮、叶绿素和内源生长促进类激素含量,但降低了叶片抗氧化酶活性、可溶性蛋白、渗透调节物质和内源生长抑制类激素含量,高氮和淹水低...     

Isolation and Characterization of GhLEA3 Gene from Upland Cotton and Its Expression in Response to Low Temperature Stress

[Objective] Based on the analysis of cotton GhLEA3 gene structure and its expression model in chilling stress, we investigated the resistance function of GhLEA3 in response to cold stress. [Method] We cloned GhLEA3 from upland cotton by homologous sequence cloning way. We analyzed the properties of the GhLEA3, and constructed phylogenetic tree by bioinformatics analysis. We constructed the transient expression vector 35S∷GhLEA3-GFP by In-Fusion connection technology and studied the subcellular localization of GhLEA3. The expression of GhLEA3 gene in leaves of TM-1 at three-leaf stage under low temperature stress treatments (4 ℃, 24 h) was performed. Agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated floral dipping method was used to transform the gene with expression vector 35S∷GhLEA3-GFP into Arabidopsis thaliana wild type. Low temperature germination experiment at 4 ℃ was conducted to verify germination ability of the transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana T₃ seed. The transgenic Arabidopsis seedlings were treated at 4 ℃(low temperature), and all the leaves were taken to measure their electrical conductivity. [Result] The coding sequence of GhLEA3 gene is 1 218 bp, which encodes 405 amino acids. GhLEA3 protein includes 4 functional domains of PF02987. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the similarity of amino acid sequences between upland cotton GhLEA3 and Arabidopsis thaliana AtLEA3 was 52.6%. GhLEA3 might be mainly localized in vacuoles and small vesicles. GhLEA3 was up-regulated in leaves after low temperature treatment. The germination rate of transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana of T₃ generation at low temperature was significantly higher than that of wild type, and its electrical conductivity of leaves after low temperature treatment was significantly lower than that of wild type. [Conclusion] GhLEA3 belonged to the member of LEA3 family. Phylogenetic analysis showed that GhLEA3 had the closest relationship with AtLEA3. GhLEA3 was induced by low temperature stress and may play an important role in improving cold resistance.     

Chilling Stress Accelerates Degradation of Seed Storage Protein and Photosynthetic Protein during Cotton Seed Germination

Low temperature is one of the major abiotic stresses limiting the productivity and geographical distribution of many important crops. To gain a better understanding of chilling stress responses in cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L . ), we carried out a comparative proteomic analysis. Cotyledon proteins of 1-week-old cotton seedlings treated with or without chilling treatment at 4 °C were extracted, separated by a two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and compared. Among 1500 protein spots reproducibly detected on each gel, 25 protein spots were down-regulated and 29 were up-regulated. Seven cotton proteins were identified by mass spectrometry analysis as beta-globulin A precursor fragments. One was identified as a Rubisco large subunit fragment, providing evidence of both seed storage protein and photosynthetic protein destruction by chilling stress. The related physiological and biochemical analysis showed that there was a significant increase in endopeptidase activity and activated oxygen generation rate, and an obvious decrease in carboxylation efficiency and maximum net photosynthetic rate of cotton seedlings under chilling stress. Based on the above results, the degradation mechanisms of beta-globulin and Rubisco under chilling stress were discussed. In conclusion, our study provides new insights into chilling-stress responses in cotton and demonstrates the advantages of proteomic analysis.     

Changes in Leaf Water Relations and Injuries in Maize Seedlings Induced by Different Chilling Conditions

The time course of injuries and electrolyte leakage as well as changes in leaf water content and relative turgidity during chilling at 5°C, 65 or 100 % relative humidity (RH) were determined for seedlings of two maize hybrids differing in chilling tolerance.
In the course of chilling of entire seedlings the statistically significant injuries and increased leakage of electrolytes occurred first, followed by significant water deficit in leaves which was independent of RH and genotype. However, during prolonged chilling high and significant correlation between the level of chilling-induced water stress and the extent of injuries was observed. Thus it has been assumed that the main factor responsible for primary chilling injuries in maize seedlings is the immediate influence of chilling temperatures on the cell membranes, and not the secondary water stress. The level of the water stress and the extent of the dehydration injuries under chilling conditions depended on the chilling sensitivity of the genotype. Differences between the examined genotypes consisted not only in delayed chilling injuries in a chilling tolerant hybrid, but also in significantly lesser effects of these injures on water relations.
However, exposure to low temperature of the aboveground part or of the roots of the seedlings only, caused first the chilling-induced marked water deficit in the leaves and next increased leakage of electrolytes. A direct effect of chilling temperature on the membranes in a situation when only a part of the seedling is being chilled, may be less harmful to the plant as a whole owing to normal functioning of the non-chilled part.     

广东江门菠萝的寒害调查和品种特性分析

在经历了2013年冬季低温胁迫之后,根据寒害等级比较品种抗寒性差异,对4个菠萝品种‘金菠萝’（MD-2）、‘黄金菠萝’、‘巴厘’、‘卡因’进行了寒害调查。结果表明,这4个品种均受到不同程度的寒害,其中‘金菠萝’和‘卡因’的寒害等级较低,‘巴厘’和‘黄金菠萝’的抗寒性相对较弱,抗寒能力依次为‘金菠萝’＞‘卡因’＞‘黄金菠萝’＞‘巴厘’。叶绿素的荧光特性决定作物的光合产量,为此,比较了不同菠萝品种的叶绿素荧光参数。‘金菠萝’的Fo和Fm均显著高于‘巴厘’,但是4个品种的Fv/Fm却没有显著差异。‘金菠萝’和‘黄金菠萝’均适合在江门进行推广种植,寒害等级和叶绿素荧光参数可以为抗寒品种筛选提供参考。     

黄萎病菌侵染对感病棉花品种叶片蛋白质组的影响

为进一步探索黄萎病菌与棉花的相互作用,以感黄萎病棉花品种冀棉11为实验材料,在接种大丽轮枝菌V991 3 d后提取叶片蛋白,运用双向电泳和质谱分析技术研究黄萎病菌侵染后叶片蛋白质组学的变化。分析发现,与对照相比差异表达量在2倍以上的蛋白点有22个,其中上调表达的蛋白点10个,下调表达的蛋白点12个。质谱鉴定发现,上调表达的蛋白包括ATP合成酶β亚基,Ru Bis CO活化酶1,Ru Bis CO活化酶α2以及果糖-1,6-二磷酸醛缩酶,下调表达的蛋白包括质体叶绿素AB结合蛋白,核酮糖二磷酸羧化酶大链以及核酮糖二磷酸羧化酶小链。分别对下调表达的蛋白rubisco小亚基基因(RBCS)和叶绿素AB结合蛋白基因(cab)、上调表达的蛋白Ru Bis CO活化酶1基因(RCA1)进行荧光定量PCR,发现接种黄萎病菌后3个基因在m RNA水平与蛋白水平上的变化是一致的。通过分析推测,黄萎病菌通过与参与光合能量代谢的蛋白相互作用,破坏植物的光合作用,近而引起棉花叶片的萎蔫与凋零。     

大丽轮枝菌侵染陆地棉早期的转录组分析

【目的】旨在深入挖掘大丽轮枝菌致病相关基因。【方法】运用转录组测序技术比较分析了强致病力大丽轮枝菌Vd991在侵染陆地棉品种Coker 312早期阶段的基因表达情况。【结果】对Vd991侵染前后的转录组数据进行差异表达分析,共筛选到979个差异表达基因(Differentially expressed genes,DEGs),其中376个上调,603个下调。通过基因注释和功能分类发现,这些DEGs涉及细胞增殖与生长、产孢、碳水化合物结合、蛋白激酶活性调节、裂解酶活性、水解酶活性等功能。对上调DEGs进行基因本体(Gene ontology,GO)功能富集分析,发现共有277个GO词条达到显著富集水平(P0.05),涉及生长速率正向调控、核苷酸合成、解旋酶活性等功能;京都基因与基因组百科全书(Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes,KEGG)通路分析表明,上调DEGs参与53个代谢通路,包括嘧啶代谢、嘌呤代谢等。【结论】在早期侵染过程中,大丽轮枝菌细胞增殖相关基因表现活跃。上述分析为进一步揭示大丽轮枝菌的致病机理提供了有价值的参考。