湛江主要甘蔗品种蔗汁品质指标变化规律分析

对蔗汁纯度、蔗汁转光度以及还原糖分随蔗汁蔗糖分增长的变化规律进行了分析。结果供试的湛江地区7个主要甘蔗品种各项品质指标表现为:在甘蔗成熟过程中,不同品种甘蔗随糖分积累的同时,纯度(包括简纯度和重力纯度)均不断增加,简纯度和重力纯度在交互变化,两者存在一个交点,交点后的纯度曲线趋于平稳。还原糖总量逐渐减少,但在成熟过程中,出现小的波动,转光度变化趋势与蔗汁蔗糖分最为一致。通过回归分析,对7个甘蔗品种蔗汁的6个主要品质指标,包括甘蔗蔗汁糖分(Suc)、还原糖分(Rs)、重力纯度(GP)、转光度(pol)、简纯度(AP)和锤度(Bx)进行数据分析。回归分析表明:甘蔗蔗汁糖分与其它5个品质指标呈线性关系。简单回归模型均达极显著水平(p<0.01)。通过逐步回归分析建立最优方程为:Suc=-4.47724939 0.03952629895AP 0.6598210692pol 0.3513029685Bx,方差分析表明多元回归模型达极显著水平(p<0.01),决定系数为0.997424。     

保水剂对甘蔗产量和品质的影响

研究了保水剂对甘蔗产量、品质的影响。结果表明，抗旱性不同的甘蔗品种在施用保水剂后，产量都增加了。蔗汁蔗糖分、蔗汁重力纯度、蔗汁锤度也都相应提高，而3个品种的蔗汁还原糖分都下降，说明蔗汁品质明显改善。因此，此项技术措施可以在甘蔗生产上推广应用。     

云南甘蔗国外引进骨干亲本糖分性状分析

高糖亲本筛选是甘蔗高糖育种的基础,对蔗糖产业健康持续发展至关重要。云南是我国甘蔗第二大产区,本研究以16份云南甘蔗品种杂交选育常用国外引进亲本为材料,对其纤维分、蔗汁锤度、蔗汁糖度、甘蔗糖度、简纯度5项糖分性状进行了分析。研究结果显示,所有性状在不同材料间均存在显著差异,且该差异主要由遗传背景差异导致。5个糖分性状中,纤维分与其他性状均存在显著负相关关系,而其他4个性状间均呈显著正相关关系。聚类分析将16份材料分为3组,组I、组II均有较好表现,而组III所含的CP28-11、POJ213、Co1001三份材料表现较差。I、II两组材料主要差异体现在纤维分方面,据此对其杂交利用给出了建议。     

砍后露天堆放对甘蔗品种工艺性状和鲜重的影响

通过测定3个主要栽培品种的原料蔗不同堆放期主要工艺性状和鲜重的变化情况,探讨品种间砍后露天堆放原料蔗工艺品质方面的差异,筛选出符合榨季生产需要的栽培品种。结果表明:露天堆放3d,甘蔗蔗糖分和蔗汁重力纯度的变化不大,而蔗汁还原糖分、甘蔗纤维分和鲜重的变化较大;随着堆放时间的延长,甘蔗蔗糖分和蔗汁重力纯度的降幅也在增加,而蔗汁还原糖分和甘蔗纤维分的增幅不断加大,鲜重的损失也在增大,显示原料蔗工艺品质变劣加剧。结果还表明,台糖90-7909是个工艺性状相对较稳定的栽培品种。     

不同成熟期甘蔗品质性状分析

分析勐海地区常见27个甘蔗品种从2014年12月至2015年3月蔗糖品质的变化。结果表明:随着甘蔗的成熟,其品质在成熟中后期最好,这时期收获的甘蔗纤维分较低,蔗汁糖分、甘蔗蔗糖分、蔗汁磷酸值较高。该地区种植的甘蔗,随着海拔的升高,蔗汁锤度、蔗汁糖分、甘蔗蔗糖分、蔗汁磷酸值下降。     

施用熟石灰改良酸性土壤对甘蔗产量和品质的影响

本次试验在各项大田栽培措施相同的情况下,每亩施用熟石灰400kg改良酸性土壤,甘蔗产量比不施用的对照增产1.9吨/亩,增产幅度31.7%,获得极显著效果。甘蔗品质方面也有较大提升,1月份甘蔗蔗糖分比对照提高0.33%,甘蔗纤维分提高0.15%,甘蔗非糖分降低0.26%,蔗汁锤度提高0.39%,蔗汁简纯度提高1.80%。试验结果表明,在酸性土壤条件下,蔗地亩施400kg熟石灰,可有效促进甘蔗出苗、分蘖,有效提高甘蔗产量和品质。     

6个甘蔗新品种（系）砍收后耐贮性研究

原料蔗的品质与糖厂经济效益紧密联系,了解甘蔗砍收后不同堆放时间甘蔗品质重要指标的变化规律,对于糖厂提高经济效益十分重要。本试验利用6个优良甘蔗品种（系）,对不同堆放时间甘蔗品质的变化规律进行分析和总结。结果表明,在甘蔗收获后堆放过程中, 简纯度和重力纯度先小幅增加,后开始下降,随着堆放时间延长,两纯度下降加快,当重力纯度和简纯度达到相等时,即纯度比接近于1时,甘蔗糖分也处于最高值,当重力纯度超过简纯度,同时甘蔗糖分小幅下降;甘蔗纤维分和还原糖分随堆放时间的延长而上升;在参试材料中云蔗08-2060、云蔗07-2800、云蔗06-193、云蔗07-2178和云蔗08-1609属耐贮品种。     

钾肥施用量对甘蔗产质量的影响

通过田间试验,研究甘蔗不同施钾水平对甘蔗产量和品质的影响。结果表明,随着施钾量的增加（1）甘蔗茎径、单茎重有明显下降趋势,有效茎数则有明显上升趋势,甘蔗的茎长、产量无明显趋势。（2）提高了蔗汁蔗糖分、总糖、改正锤度、重力纯度,改善了甘蔗品质。     

基于主成分分析和聚类分析评价141份中蔗优良品系资源

科学地评价甘蔗种质资源,可为甘蔗杂交育种提供优质的亲本材料。本研究采用主成分分析和聚类分析等方法,对141份中蔗优良品系资源的7个表型性状进行多样性评价。结果表明：黑穗病率、蔗茎产量、有效茎数、单茎重和蔗糖分的变异系数均大于10%,其中黑穗病率的变异系数最大,达到67.21%。相关性分析结果表明,蔗茎产量与株高、茎径、有效茎数和单茎重呈极显著正相关,茎径与有效茎数呈极显著负相关,蔗糖分与黑穗病率呈极显著负相关。主成分分析结果表明,提取3个主成分的累计贡献率达到74.725%,其中第一主成分反映的是产量性状,第二主成分反映的是茎数和品质性状,第三主成分反映的是病害和品质性状。聚类分析将141份中蔗品系划分为3个类群,第Ⅰ类群蔗株高大,高产高糖,抗病性强,宿根性强,各性状表现优异;第Ⅱ类群各性状综合表现较差;第Ⅲ类群各性状综合表现一般。根据主成分分析结果和聚类分析结果筛选出60份综合表现优异的种质资源,其中中蔗153303、中蔗150505、中蔗165201和中蔗151106等4个种质可作为高糖亲本;中蔗15710、中蔗160913、中蔗162026、中蔗112819、中蔗1415219、...     

甘蔗生长中后期螟害对甘蔗品质的影响

通过对3个甘蔗品种不同虫节率蔗茎与健康蔗茎,全虫节段与无虫节段的螟害甘蔗的甘蔗蔗糖分和蔗汁品质分析表明,螟害蔗茎的甘蔗蔗糖分随着虫节率的增加而降低,呈直线回归关系.螟害蔗茎的蔗汁品质比健康蔗茎的低.全虫节段比无虫节段甘蔗蔗糖分降低了1.46～2.90个百分点,重力纯度降低了1.74～4.28个百分点.螟害蔗茎为甘蔗生长中后期受螟虫危害所致.防治甘蔗生长中、后期螟害是一项提高甘蔗蔗糖分和改善蔗汁品质,提高甘蔗产量和甘蔗综合利用率的有效措施.     

Evaluation of the juice brix of wild sugarcanes (Saccharum spontaneum) indigenous to Japan

Modern sugarcane cultivars are derived from the interspecific crossing between Saccharum officinarum and wild sugarcane, Saccharum spontaneum. The introgression of valuable characteristics from wild sugarcane is recognized as extremely important, but this process typically requires long-term effort over multiple generations of backcrosses owing to the low sugar content of the initial interspecific hybrids. In this study, we aimed to identify Japanese wild sugarcanes with high juice brix in order to promote effective interspecific crossing of sugarcane. Sixty-four accessions from the Nansei Islands and 70 accessions from the Honshu were evaluated for juice brix. Wild sugarcanes with high juice brix were demonstrated to exist among wild sugarcanes indigenous to the Honshu. A significant difference was observed between the median juice brix values of wild sugarcanes of the Nansei Islands and those of the Honshu. The relationship between juice brix and stem traits was then examined in 20 wild sugarcanes, 10 each from the Nansei Islands and the Honshu. The reproducibility of juice brix value in both experiments was confirmed. In contrast to juice brix, stem traits, such as length, diameter, and volume, were typically smaller in wild sugarcanes from the Honshu. Moreover, a negative correlation was observed between the index of stem volume and juice brix. In this study, we identified outstanding wild sugarcanes with high juice brix. Using germplasms from the identified wild sugarcanes in interspecific crossing could contribute to the increases in both yield and sugar content.     

Changes in juice quality and sugarcane yield with recurrent selection for sucrose

Sugarcane (Saccharum spp. hybrids) breeding programs in Louisiana have made improving sucrose content a top priority because a short growing season limits cane yield. Using a recurrent selection strategy, the cultivars with the highest sucrose content are crossed, and a new generation of cultivars is selected from the progeny. This study was designed to determine how selection primarily for sucrose content has modified physiological characters, and impacted sucrose content and yield. Five cultivars were randomly selected from each of seven generations of recurrent selection in Louisiana and planted in two experiments. The plant and first stubble crops were harvested late in the harvest season from each experiment. Cane yield and juice quality were determined. Cultivars from the last three generations were superior to cultivars from the first three generations for Brix % cane, sucrose % cane, purity, theoretically recoverable sugar (TRS), cane yield and sugar yield. Fiber % cane was not different among the generations. Selection primarily for sucrose has increased Brix % cane from 14% to 16%, sucrose % cane from 12% to 14%, purity from 82.5% to 87.3%, and TRS from 98 to 122 kg Mg⁻¹. A plateau in juice quality and sucrose yield in the last three generations may indicate that: (1) Louisiana's short growing season may restrict sucrose accumulation; (2) the genetic potential for late season juice quality has been reached with currently available germplasm; or (3) the inclusion of lower juice quality Saccharum spontaneum germplasm into the breeding program in order to increase disease tolerance, cold tolerance, and ratooning ability has diluted the effect of recurrent selection for sucrose.     

果蔗矿质养分含量及品质指标差异稳定性分析

果蔗含有丰富的糖分、纤维分、水分、矿质元素、氨基酸等,这些成分指标受环境条件与品种因素的影响。本文分析了我国主栽的2个果蔗品种的矿质养分含量及品质指标在不同蔗区之间的差异。于果蔗成熟期,分别在广东、广西、云南、海南4个甘蔗主产区,选取在我国具有代表性的2个果蔗品种（‘Badila’和‘粤糖54-474’）为材料,对其主要矿质元素含量（N、P、K、Ca、Fe、Mn、Zn、Cu）和品质（糖度、纤维分、简纯度、还原糖、水分）的差异性和相关性进行了分析。结果显示,当蔗区改变时,甘蔗对N、P、K吸收转化的稳定性为：K>P>N;对中微量元素吸收转化的稳定性为：Mg>Ca、Cu、Fe>Mn、Zn;品质指标的稳定性为：糖度>水分含量、出汁率>还原糖分、纤维分、简纯度。N与K、蔗汁糖度、简纯度之间,Mn与Cu、Zn,Fe与Zn,蔗汁糖度与简纯度之间呈极显著正相关;N、K与还原糖分,Ca与Mn,Mn与糖度,纤维分与水分含量,蔗汁糖度、简纯度与水分之间呈极显著负相关;P与出汁率,Ca与蔗汁糖度,Mg与水分含量,Zn与Cu,Mn与Cu,纤维分与出汁率之间呈显著正相关;P与Mg、Cu之间,Ca与Cu,Mg、Fe与纤维分,Zn与出汁率,Mn与简纯度之间为显著负相关关系。研究表明,同类型数量性状指标之间的稳定性存在一定的差异,K、Mg含量,蔗汁糖度指标在环境变化时表现最为稳定,品种、基因型能表现出其相应性状指标的种性优势;其次是P、Ca、Cu、Fe含量,水分含量、出汁率;而受环境影响最大的是N、Mn、Zn含量,还原糖分、纤维分、简纯度。相似数量性状指标可按环境效应和基因效应对其影响程度分为“环境效应优势型数量性状”“环境效应和基因效应对等型数量性状”和“基因效应优势型数量性状”3类。     

甘蔗F1群体构建及主要农艺性状遗传变异分析

分离群体是进行作物遗传图谱构建、性状遗传研究、性状调控关键基因挖掘和种质资源创新利用的重要基础。本研究利用‘崖城94-46’和‘新台糖22号’杂交获得了209个杂交单株,通过SSR标记鉴定真假杂种和剔除病死单株,获得了1个包含145个杂交后代的F₁群体。F₁群体主要农艺性状遗传变异分析表明,8个性状都存在双向超亲现象,变异系数范围为9.23%~56.78%,8个性状的频数分布均呈连续正态分布,均为由多基因控制的数量性状。相关分析和逐步回归分析表明,甘蔗丛重与株高、茎径和丛有效茎显著正相关,决定系数为0.92;丛糖含量主要由株高、茎径、锤度和丛有效茎4个因素决定,决定系数为0.94。研究结果为利用甘蔗F₁群体开展遗传研究奠定基础,同时为甘蔗育种中重点选择性状确定提供参考。     

基于配合力分析筛选甘蔗杂交亲本组合

为了解甘蔗亲本组合的遗传特性和育种潜力,准确地评价筛选甘蔗杂交亲本组合,采用甘蔗家系评价试验方法,利用R软件计算亲本和组合的主要性状的配合力,对126个亲本、146个组合的蔗产量、锤度、锤重配合力进行聚类分析。结果筛选出适合作母本的高糖高产类的甘蔗亲本15个,适合作父本的高糖高产类的甘蔗亲本13个;筛选出高糖高产类甘蔗杂交组合13个。结果表明,利用甘蔗配合力+聚类分析方法可有效地对甘蔗杂交亲本组合进行综合分析。YT00-236×GT96-211、GT02-761×NJ03-218和CP92-1167×CP07-2547这3个组合配合力高,综合性状较好,可作为甘蔗杂交育种的生产性组合加以利用。     

薏苡种质资源性状评价及遗传多样性研究

为从湖南省常用的薏苡（Coix lacryma-jobi）种质资源筛选出不同用途的良种,本研究以51份薏苡种质资源为材料,测定表型性状、农艺性状和营养品质等性状的16个指标,并分析其遗传特性。结果显示：农艺性状和营养品质的变异系数为5.36%~26.41%,表型性状遗传多样性指数为0.52~1.87。5个主成分的累计贡献率为67.13%。供试种质可划分为4类：第1类类群包含7份种质,籽粒及鲜秸秆产量均高,属于籽饲兼用型;第2类类群包含12份种质,株高及鲜秸秆产量高,茎杆粗,籽粒产量中等,属于饲用型;第3类类群包含5份种质,综合性状排名靠前,粒小,产量低,属于生态用型;第4类类群包含27份种质,农艺性状及营养品质均一般,作筛选特异性状亲本型。16个指标综合隶属函数系数值>0.5的有7个种质,其中,籽饲兼用型为HNYY-34,饲用型为HNYY-39、HNYY-40,籽实利用型为HNYY-22、HNYY-38,其他综合利用型为CQYY-01、HNYY-43。本研究为湖南薏苡优异性状的筛选和高效利用及后续薏苡在食用、药用、饲用及生态用方面的新品种选育提供材料。     

引进甘蔗种质资源杂交后代适应性评价

通过对引进甘蔗种质资源24个杂交后代的的10个农艺性状进行主成分分析、回归分析与通径分析,科学评价引种甘蔗种质资源在广西本地的农艺性状表现,探究各农艺性状间的协同制约关系,为甘蔗种质资源的精准评价和杂交育种材料的科学选配提供理论依据。结果表明:(1)主要农艺性状变异系数为6.79%~29.44%,24个甘蔗种质在分蘖和蔗糖产量上有较大的遗传改良潜力。(2)主成分分析将这10个农艺性状凝聚成4个主成分,分别为产量因子、有效茎因子、糖分因子和出苗因子,贡献率分别是35.2%、16.5%、15.3%、12.1%,累计贡献率达到79.1%;(3)通径分析中各性状对糖产量的直接通径系数大小依次为:蔗茎产量(0.927)>蔗糖分(0.399)>单茎重(0.039)。表明:甘蔗品种(系)GUC23-1、GUC15-2、GUC23、GUC34、GUC25在广西的丰产性最优,在甘蔗引种和选育中,考虑将蔗茎产量、蔗糖分、单茎重作为主要选择性状。     

PCR detection of ratoon stunting disease pathogen and natural resistance analysis in sugarcane core germplasms

Exploring and utilizing resistant germplasm resources plays a pivotal role in breeding for disease resistance, while screening resistant germplasm is important for selecting and breeding varieties resistant to disease. In the present study, we used PCR to detect the ratoon stunting disease (RSD) bacterium Leifsonia xyli subsp. xyli (Lxx) in 137 sugarcane core germplasms from the National Nursery of Sugarcane Germplasm Resources (NNSGR, Kaiyuan, China) in 2009, 2010 and 2011. A total of 21 germplasms that tested negative for Lxx in 2009 and 2010 were selected for further Lxx detection after being subjected to artificial inoculation in 2011 and 2012. The 21 core germplasms that were negative for Lxx after natural infection and artificial inoculation can provide elite resistance source materials and reference frames for the effective breeding of RSD-resistant sugarcane varieties. Under natural conditions, 116 (84.67%) and 21 (15.33%) out of 137 germplasms were positive and negative for Lxx, respectively, as determined by PCR detection, which suggests that a relatively high ratio of sugarcane core germplasms was sensitive to RSD, while few were resistant to RSD. The sequencing and analysis of 30 randomly selected PCR products showed that all 30 sequences were identical or highly homologous to the corresponding Lxx genome region published in GenBank (99.54–100% similarity). Lxx can be detected effectively and precisely by PCR. We therefore recommend PCR as a rapid, low cost and simple procedure to score sugarcane core germplasms for RSD resistance.