怎样饲养虎皮鹦鹉

怎样饲养虎皮鹦鹉孙继和（江苏南通市罐头食品厂２２６００５）虎皮鹦鹉又名娇凤，是驰名中外的笼养鸟之一。它羽毛艳丽，生性温柔，姿态静逸，因此，喜欢养虎皮鹦鹉的人越来越多，但光有养鸟的兴趣还不行，还要讲究技术，掌握饲养方法。虎皮鹦鹉可以成对饲养，也可以成群...     

虎皮鹦鹉人工繁殖的研究

1995年 3月～ 1 997年 7月 ,在长沙动物园对虎皮鹦鹉的人工繁殖习性进行了观察。结果表明 ,虎皮鹦鹉的繁殖期为 3月中旬～ 6月中旬 ;年产 2窝 ,窝产卵数为 4～ 7枚 ;雌鸟担任孵化 ,孵卵期为 ( 1 9± 2 )d ,孵化率为 86 8% ;育雏期 ( 30± 5 )d ,育成率为 92 3%。     

虎皮鹦鹉养殖技术要点

虎皮鹦鹉是鹦鹉中最小的一种,又名较风,也称长尾恋爱鸟,原产澳大利亚南部地区。近几年来,随着市场经济的发展壮大,我省不少地区已有饲养,且数量日亦增多,价格不断上涨,除少量供观赏外,大部分远销香港及东南亚一些国家,供结婚放生志禧。笔者经多年饲养,积累了一些经验。现将有关养殖技术要点介绍如下,供饲养者参考。1形态及生活习性虎皮祭鹉体形较小,体长12～18cm,略大于麻雀,具有钩嘴、长尾。羽色多种,色彩奇特艳丽华美。一般以乳白、淡黄、深黄、天兰、浅绿色为主,杂以黑色,形成条纹,犹如虎皮。主要以各种植物种子、蔬…     

虎皮鹦鹉的饲养

虎皮鹦鹉可成对饲养,也可成群饲养,一般用铁丝笼或内铺铁皮的箱形笼。每对鸟的活动空间应在0.5 m^3以上,否则不利于繁殖。笼底应做成抽屉式的(钉上铁皮),便于拉出清扫和铺砂。食、水用具宜深大,坚固,以防被咬坏。饲料以谷子和稗子为主,同时还要喂些麻籽或苏子.     

手玩虎皮鹦鹉的训练技窍

山东招远市蚕庄镇许家村,曾是远近文明的养殖虎皮鹦鹉的专业村,其饲养量最多达几万只,可称得上家家养鸟,户户发财,此鸟小巧玲珑,羽毛艳丽,观赏价高,还具有喂料少,易饲养,能繁殖,投入少,效益高的特点,成鸟不仅鸣声悦耳,且可用手擎着     

Effects of two diets on the haematology, plasma chemistry and intestinal flora of budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus)

Two groups of 22 budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus) were housed for 12 months under identical conditions. One group was fed a commercial seed mixture plus carrots and a mineral supplement, and the other group was fed a commercially formulated diet plus carrots. Samples of blood and faeces were collected initially and after three, six, nine and 12 months. There were no significant differences between the haematological values of the two groups. The group fed the seed mixture had significantly higher concentrations of glucose, albumin, triglycerides and uric acid, and higher activity of aspartate aminotransferase, but the values were within the published reference ranges for normal birds. There were no significant differences between the faecal samples from the two groups, except that the fungus Macrorhabdus ornithogaster was identified in 48.3 per cent of the samples from the group fed the commercially formulated diet but from only 3.4 per cent of the samples from the group fed the seed mixture.     

不同声音刺激对艾维茵肉鸡生产性能的影响

试验将声音的频率分为次声频率、低频率、中频率和高频率,声音响度分为65~75dB、75~85dB、85~95dB和95~105dB,声音种类选择轻音乐、古典音乐、重金属音乐和噪音,研究不同声音刺激对肉鸡生产性能的影响。实验结果表明:①高频率和低频率处理组肉鸡的采食量显著高于次声频率和中频率处理组(P<0.05),中频率处理组中肉鸡的肉料比显著高于其它进行声音刺激的各处理组(P<0.05);②75~85dB和95~105dB处理组肉鸡采食量显著高于其它各组(P<0.05),65~75dB处理组和对照组肉鸡采食量显著低于85~95dB处理组(P<0.05),65~75dB处理组肉鸡肉料比显著高于其它各组(P<0.05);85~95dB处理组肉鸡胫围增长幅度显著高于75~85dB处理组(P<0.05);③噪音处理组肉鸡平均日增重显著高于轻音乐和古典音乐处理组(P<0.05)。噪音处理组肉鸡采食量显著高于其它各组(P<0.05),重金属音乐处理肉鸡采食量显著高于轻音乐、古典音乐和对照组(P<0.05),古典音乐处理组肉鸡采食量显著高于轻音乐处理组(P<0.05)。对照组、轻音乐和噪音处理组肉鸡的肉料比显著高于古典音乐和重金属音乐处理组(P<0.05),重金属音乐处理组肉鸡肉料比显著高于古典音乐处理组(P<0.05);噪音处理组肉鸡胫长增长幅度显著高于古典音乐处理组(P<0.05)。对照组和噪音处理组肉鸡胫围增长幅度显著高于轻音乐、古典音乐和重金属音乐处理组(P<0.05)。     

Circadian and seasonal variability and influence of sex and race on eight clinical chemistry parameters in budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus, Shaw 1805)

The aim of the study was to investigate if there is a clinically relevant influence of daytime or season and if there are sex-dependant differences in some frequently determined clinical chemistry parameters. The study was performed with 99 1.5- to 2-year old healthy budgerigars of three races. A harmonic regression analysis was performed taking into account linear and cyclic trends over the year. Correlations were investigated by the calculation of Spearman correlation coefficients. Summarizing, it can be said that some circadian, seasonal, as well as sex- and race-dependant influences have been shown. However, although the differences are statistically significant, they were too small to have an impact on clinical decision making. As clinical chemistry results are in practice independent from the influence factors investigated, their meaning and use as a diagnostic tool is further substantiated.     

抑制芳香化酶活性对母鸡性腺分化和性行为的影响

为研究雌激素在鸡性腺和性行为分化过程中的作用,本试验在受精蛋孵化第3天气室注入100μL生理盐水或芳香化酶抑制剂(AI),出雏后常规饲养到8月龄性成熟,观察其性行为的表现,检测性腺结构和血清性激素水平.结果发现,AI处理获得的性反转母鸡出现雄性第二性征和雄性交配行为,性腺形态和组织学检查结果表明其性腺得到了不同程度的反转(1)完全反转母鸡右侧性腺发育成为睾丸,而左侧性腺出现不同程度的反转.两侧性腺均出现精细管结构,管径较正常窄,发育不完整,精细管内大量分布生殖细胞,右侧性腺的间质较左侧发达;(2)不完全反转母鸡的右侧性腺退化,左侧仍为完整卵巢.血清中雌二醇(E2)含量为不完全反转母鸡＞正常母鸡＞完全反转母鸡＞正常公鸡;睾酮(T)含量为完全反转母鸡＞不完全反转母鸡＞正常公鸡＞正常母鸡,雄性交配频率与血清T/E2的比值呈正相关.以上结果表明,在性分化前用AI阻断雌激素的合成可引起雌性性腺结构和激素分泌功能及性行为雄性化,而血清T和E2含量及其比值决定了性反转母鸡雄性交配行为的频率和强度.     

奶牛性别控制冻精和普通冻精对比试验研究

用奶牛性控冻精共授配奶牛948头,妊娠893头,情期受胎率平均为67.37%;母犊率达到93.95%,普通冻精产母犊率51.63%,差异极显著(P<0.01)。对其中20头母犊出生时的体重、体尺进行了测定,并与常规冻精所产母犊的生长发育指标进行比较,两者差异不显著(P>0.05)。试验表明,奶牛性控冻精对实现规模化奶牛场的快速扩群和品质提升具有较高的实用价值。     

大蜜蜂和东方蜜蜂防御行为的比较研究

在云南西双版纳基诺乡的橡胶林和云南农大东方蜜蜂研究所试验蜂场里,分别选择大蜜蜂(Apisdorsata)和东方蜜蜂(Apiscerana)各1群,观察、记录蜂群在受惊扰后蜜蜂的攻击行为。东方蜜蜂在受惊扰后,每次参加攻击的工蜂平均个体数为38只,攻击时间为1.37min,追逐的距离为22m;而大蜜蜂在受惊扰后,每次参加攻击的工蜂平均个体数为510只,攻击时间为131min,追逐的距离为342m。结果表明:与在洞穴、蜂箱内营巢的东方蜜蜂相比,露天营巢的大蜜蜂具有很强的防御和攻击能力。     

皖南花猪部分屠宰性状的发育性变化及性别差异

为了研究皖南花猪部分屠宰性状的发育性变化及性别差异,试验采用0,30,45,90,180日龄的皖南花猪公、母各5头进行屠宰测定。结果表明:皖南花猪的各项屠宰指标都有不同程度的发育性变化,30日龄时,肾脏重有显著增长(P0.05),其他指标都有极显著增长(P0.01);在30～45日龄阶段,胴体斜长、膘厚、皮厚、肺脏重有显著增长(P0.05),但眼肌面积、心脏重、肝脏重、脾脏重、肾脏重增长不显著(P0.05);在45～180日龄阶段,所有指标都呈现快速的增长。出生和180日龄时,屠宰指标的性别差异均不显著(P0.05);30日龄时母猪的膘厚显著大于公猪(P0.05);45日龄时,母猪的胴体斜长和肝脏、脾脏、肾脏重显著小于公猪(P0.05);90日龄时母猪的胴体斜长显著大于公猪(P0.05);皖南花猪的肌内脂肪含量较高,且在背最长肌和半腱肌有不同的发育规律。     

A note on the effect of number (single or twin) and sex of contemporary siblings on male-like play behavior of lambs (Ovis aries)

This study evaluates the effect of the number and sex of contemporary siblings on male-like play behavior of Suffolk lambs (Ovis aries). Fourteen males and 14 females, all single born, plus 26 ram lambs born co-twin to another male (n = 14) or female (n = 12) as well as 26 ewe lambs born co-twin to another male (n = 12) or female (n = 14) were observed daily for 7 weeks from 1 week of age. Two observers sitting outside a sand-bedded pen (10 × 5 m) recorded received and performed behavior (butts, nudging, attempts to mount, and mounts) by the lambs in the pen from 08:00 to 09:00 and 16:00 to 17:00 hours. Animals were in the pen only during the observation periods; the rest of the day they remained with their mothers in individual pens. Male-like play behavior patterns were displayed by both male and female lambs. Males were more active (P < 0.05) than females. Butting was the most frequent activity and performed mostly by ram lambs, recipients were generally males, and most resulted in reciprocal simultaneous encounters (sparring). Single males performed most of the nudging activity, which was the least frequent of the observed behaviors. Males with twin brothers mounted significantly (P < 0.05) more than males with twin sisters, and females with twin sisters performed the lowest amount of gutting and nudging. Lower (P < 0.05) levels of activity were found during the first 2 weeks. Overall, it was concluded that male lambs performed and received more male-like play behaviors than female lambs and the influence of sex of contemporary sibling was restricted to some behaviors: butting and nudging in females and mounting in males.     

京海黄鸡公鸡性行为的观察研究

采用全天观察法,对京海黄鸡公鸡的性行为进行记录,获得京海黄鸡公鸡性行为的过程,总结京海黄鸡公鸡性行为规律,分析京海黄鸡公鸡个体间性行为的差异,并通过检测精液品质,研究京海黄鸡公鸡性行为与精液质量的关系;通过观察晴天与阴天时的性行为,分析不同的天气对京海黄鸡公鸡性行为的影响,结果显示：京海黄鸡性行为个体间差异不大,受天气的影响较为明显。本文通过对京海黄鸡公鸡性行为的观察研究,为进一步提高京海黄鸡公鸡自然交配的授精率和繁殖性能提供一定的科学依据。