山羊毛霉菌临床与病理学观察

以１０＾７个／ｍｌ微小根毛霉孢囊孢子悬液颈静脉接种２月龄山羊，每只５ｍｌ，每日１次，连续３日，经８８ｄ观察３／４只山羊死亡。病羊临床表现精神沉郁，消瘦，体温升高，腹泻，后肢瘫痪，白细胞总数及嗜中性白细胞成倍增加，全血ＧＳＨ－ＰＸ活性降低，Ｓ－ＧＯＴ、Ｓ－ＧＰＴ和ＡＫＰ活性升高，血清胆固醇值上升，但以上各项血液生化指标变化与对照羊相比差异不显著。病理变化为全身扩散性毛霉菌病，其典型病谱在肺脏，整个肺     

猪毛霉菌病临床与病理学观察

以１千万个／ｍｌ足样根霉孢囊孢子县液前腔静脉接种２月龄仔猪，每头５ｍｌ，每日１次，连续３日，经７０ｄ观察，可导致猪体形成毛霉菌病的特征病变，并有２头仔猪死亡。病猪临床表现精神沉郁，消瘦，体温升高，腹泻及末稍血管充血、出血，白细胞总数及嗜中性白细胞成倍增加，Ｓ－ＧＯＴ和Ｓ－ＧＰＴ、ＡＫＰ活性升高，血清胆固醇值上升，全血ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ活性降低。病理学变化为胃憩室形成干酪样变，结肠和直肠壁遍布溃疡和圆形小     

内毒素血症山羊血流变及血管活性物质的变化

为评价血液流变学指标和血管活性物质在山羊微循环障碍中的作用及其相互关系,１２只山羊随机分为实验组和对照组,实验组以内毒素诱发山羊微循环障碍,对照组注射生理盐水。于发病后３、６、１２、２４ｈ,分别测定两组山羊血液流变学指标和３种血管活性物质变化。结果表明,内毒素发病山羊全血粘度和红细胞聚集指数升高,红细胞变形指数下降;血浆血栓素（ＴＸＢ２）、前列环素（６－ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ１α）及心钠素（ＡＮＰ）的含量,与对照组相同时点比较,均显著升高（Ｐ〈０．０１）,但ＴＸＢ２／６－ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ１α比值失衡。提示血液流变学和３种血管活性物质的异学肪其相互影响,是参与山羊内毒性微循环障碍发生发展的重要因素。     

半胱胺引起绵羊外周血液β－内啡肽和几种主要代谢激素的变化

在４头装置长久性胃肠道瘘管和临时性颈静脉血管插管公绵羊研究表明，经十二指肠瘘管灌注半胱胺（８０ｍｇ／ｋｇ体重）后５ｄ内外周血液的血浆ＳＳ浓度降低３３．６８％（２３３．１±４．４ｐｇ／ｍｌ对１５４．６±＋５．２ｐｇ／ｍｌ，Ｐ＜０．０１）；胃泌素水平升高２３．９％（Ｐ＜０．０５），ＧＨ、胰岛素分别升高１２４．２％（Ｐ＜０．０１）和１４４．０８％（Ｐ＜０．０１）；Ｔ３、Ｔ４水平分别增加７１．８％（ｐ＜０．０１）和１７．５５％（Ｐ＜０．０５）；β－ＥＮＤ水平第３天升高５８．１１％（５７．２９±１．６９ｐｇ／ｍｌ对３２．４４±２．５０ｐｇ／ｍｌ，Ｐ＜０．０１），第５天回落（Ｐ＜０．ｍ）。本实验证明半胱胺可抑制反刍动物ＳＳ水平，使外周血液ＧＨ、胃泌素、胰岛素、Ｔ_３、Ｔ_４和β－ＥＮＤ水平均相应升高，提示促进了反刍动物的消化代谢水平。     

青海山羊九项肝功能试验指标测定

对青海省６０只山羊九项肝功能试验指标的测定结果为：ＧＰＴ活性（ｎｍｏｌｓ－１／Ｌ）１４６３２±６９６４,ＧＯＴ活性（ｎｍｏｌｓ－１／Ｌ）３４４９７±１１７９２,ＺｎＴＴ（孔氏单位）１３１７±３９４,ＴＴＴ（麦氏单位）１８３±０８４,血清总蛋白（ｇ／Ｌ）７１７８±３２５,血清白蛋白（ｇ／Ｌ）４４１９±３３５,血清球蛋白（ｇ／Ｌ）２７５９±３９９,血清各蛋白组分分别为（％）白蛋白６１５５±４６５、α１－球蛋白４０４±０７８、α２－球蛋白２１２±０６３、β１－球蛋白６８４±１２４、β２－球蛋白３４７±０８８、γ－球蛋白２１９８±４４９,Ａ／Ｇ１６４±０３１。公、母山羊之间的各项肝功能试验指标没有显著差异     

山谷型藏山羊及其杂种羊乳生化遗传标记研究

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（ＰＡＧＥ）分析山谷型藏山羊、安哥拉山羊、Ｆ１乳中的ＬＤＨ、ａｓ－ＣＮ、β－ＣＮ、β－Ｌｇ、ＳＡ等基因座。结果表明，乳ＬＤＨ出现三条带（Ａ）、两条带（Ｂ）、一条带（Ｃ）３种类型；ａｓ－ＣＮ有３种表型（ＡＡ、ＡＢ、ＢＢ），由Ａ基因和Ｂ基因控制；在β－ＣＮ和β－ｌｇ中以ＡＢ型为主，其余类型很少；乳ＳＡ为单态，定为ＡＡ型。分析乳ａｓ－ＣＮ多态性与６个主要经济性状（体重、体直长、体高、胸围、管围、自然毛长）的关系发现，山谷型藏山羊ａｓ－ＣＮＡＡ、ＡＢ型体直长显著大于ＢＢ型体直长（Ｐ＜００５），Ｆ１ａｓ－ＣＮＡＡ型胸围显著大于ＡＢ型。     

内毒素血症山羊内皮衍生因子（ET／NO）,脂质介质（TXA2／PGI2）的？…

以内毒素诱发山羊微循环障碍为模型，同步测定发病山羊血浆内皮素，一氧化氮（ＮＯ），血栓素（ＴＸＡ２），前列环素（ＰＧＩ２）的动态变化。结果表明，注射内毒素后３ｈ，６ｈ，１２ｈ，２４ｈ后山羊乐ＥＴ，ＮＯ，ＴＸＢ２，６－ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ１∞的含量，与对照组及发病前比较均显著升高。     

奶山羊乳汁中孕酮和17β—雌二醇水平的季节性变化规律

应用ＲＩＡ对１５只西农萨能奶山羊在繁殖季节和非繁殖季节乳汁中的Ｐ４和１７β－Ｅ２水平变化进行研究。结果表明：５～７月份,Ｐ４水平为０９３ｎｇ／ｍｌ±０１０ｎｇ／ｍｌ（０７７～１０９ｎｇ／ｍｌ）,１７β－Ｅ２为５６３３ｐｇ／ｍｌ±４２８ｐｇ／ｍｌ（５０３３～６４２４ｐｇ／ｍｌ）。此时期西农萨能奶山羊处于非繁殖季节。８月中旬以后,试验羊的Ｐ４、１７β－Ｅ２水平均出现与繁殖季节相一致的变化。说明在舍饲条件下,西农萨能奶山羊于８月中旬进入繁殖季节;在首次发情前２ｄ,Ｐ４出现特有的小分泌峰,而在发情期其水平降至很低。配种后,妊娠羊Ｐ４水平一直维持很高,而未孕羊再次出现发情周期的Ｐ４分泌范型,在周期的第１３ｄＰ４水平达峰值（１０９３ｎｇ／ｍｌ±３４５ｎｇ／ｍｌ）。１７β－Ｅ２水平在发情期达到峰值,Ａ组（ｎ＝１２）为８５２７ｐｇ／ｍｌ±１１６１ｐｇ／ｍｌ,Ｂ组（ｎ＝３）为８８０２ｐｇ／ｍｌ±１４３１ｐｇ／ｍｌ。在发情周期的其它时间,１７β－Ｅ２在小范围内波动。     

口服半胱胺引起绵羊外周血液GH,IGF—1和SS激素的变化

试验羊装置临时性颈静脉血管插管，采集血样，测定血液ＧＨ、ＩＧＦ－１和ＳＳ。结果，６日内外周血液中血浆ＧＨ浓度升高５６．２％（Ｐ＜０．０１），ＩＧＦ－１浓度升高４５．３％（Ｐ＜０．０１），ＳＳ浓度降低２２．７％（Ｐ＜０．０１）。本试验证明半胱胺制成颗粒饲料，经口服可通过瘤胃进入小肠吸收，抑制体内ＳＳ水平，使外周血液中ＧＨ、ＩＧＦ－１水平相应升高，同时胰岛素、Ｔ３、Ｔ４浓度也升高。结果提示半胱胺颗粒料经口服可促进反刍动物的生长。     

半胱胺对小鹅血浆中β-END和某些激素的影响

选用２４只二月龄的杂交鹅（川白×太湖）,随机分成对照组（１２只）和试验组（１２只）。试验组于日粮中一次性添加半胱胺（１００ｍｇ／ｋｇ·ＢＷ）。处理后第三天从翅静脉采取血样。用ＲＩＡ双抗法测定其中的β－ＥＮＤ、ＩＧＦ－Ｉ和各种激素的含量。结果表明：试验组的ＳＳ含量较对照组低１９．６４％（Ｐ＜０．０５）、而ＧＨ、ＩＧＦ－Ｉ和β－ＥＮＤ含量较对照组分别高５０．００％（Ｐ＜０．０１）、６２．８０％（Ｐ＜０．０１）和４４．５５（Ｐ＜０．０５）;与对照组相比较,试验组的ＴＳＨ低３２．３２％（Ｐ＜０．０５）,Ｔ４下降１４．７２％（Ｐ＞０．０５）,而Ｔ３升高２６．８０％（Ｐ＜０．０１）。以上结果提示：半胱胺可能是通过降低鹅血液中ＳＳ含量,使β－ＥＮＤ、ＩＧＦ－Ｉ、ＧＨ和Ｔ３水平升高,从而促进了鹅的快速生长。     

用绵羊进行性肺炎病毒实验感染山羊的研究

用绵羊进行肺炎病毒接种４只山羊３－４个月后，可观察到接毒山羊都出现了发育迟缓和消瘦现象，并有１只山羊山现了明显的临床病症。而未接毒的对照山羊则发育正常。接毒２８ｄ后，可以从接毒山羊的外周血单核细胞中分离到病毒。病理剖检发现４只接毒山羊中有１只山羊的多种器官出现了较为严重的病变，组织学检查则可看到典型的间质性肺炎、中度的脑炎和较为严重的脾炎的症变。以上的结果表明ＯＰＰＶ可以感染山羊，并对山羊有较强的     

Experimental respiratory infection of goats with caprine herpesvirus and Pasteurella haemolytica

Groups of six male goats were inoculated intratracheally and intranasally with either caprine herpesvirus followed 6 days later by Pasteurella haemolytica, canine herpesvirus alone or P. haemolytica alone. Pneumonic lesions were observed in five of the six goats inoculated with caprine herpesvirus followed by P. haemolytica and in three of the six goats inoculated with P. haemolytica alone, but were not observed in goats inoculated with caprine herpesvirus alone or in non-infected controls. Pasteurella haemolytica was isolated from seven of eight lungs with pneumonia, but only from one of sixteen lungs without pneumonia. The lesions ranged from fatal acute exudative necrotising pneumonia to predominantly proliferative pneumonia. Half of the caprine herpesvirus-inoculated goats developed a clinical catarrhal rhinitis five days post-inoculation and the only virus-specific histopathological lesion was a mild tracheitis. Canine herpesvirus was recovered from the nasal swabs of all caprine herpesvirus- inoculated goats developed a clinical catarrhal rhinitis five days post-inoculation and the only virus-specific histopathological lesion was a mild tracheitis. Canine herpesvirus was recovered from the nasal swabs of all canine herpesvirus-inoculated goats and from the lungs of three goats inoculated with caprine herpesvirus alone. The experimental inoculations demonstrated that P. haemolytica alone can produce pneumonia in goats. In addition, the study showed that caprine herpesvirus readily proliferates in the upper respiratory tract and lungs of goats but the role of caprine herpesvirus in the aetiology of pneumonia remains uncertain.     

Evaluation of antibody response and nonspecific lymphocyte blastogenesis following inoculation of a live attenuated bluetongue virus vaccine in goats

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate vaccine safety, antibody response, and nonspecific lymphocyte blastogenesis following inoculation of a commercial monovalent live attenuated bluetongue virus (BTV) serotype 2 vaccine in goats. ANIMALS: 12 nonpregnant and nonlactating Saanen goats. PROCEDURE: 6 goats were inoculated with the monovalent live attenuated BTV serotype 2 vaccine, which has been widely used in Italy during the proceding 2 years. The other 6 goats were unvaccinated and represented negative controls. Nonspecific lymphocyte blastogenesis was evaluated 14 and 7 days before and 7, 21, and 49 days after vaccination by measuring DNA synthesis in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) stimulated with phytohemagglutinin, concanavalin-A, and pokeweed mitogen. On the same days as lymphocyte blastogenesis, blood samples were taken to determine serum concentrations of anti-BTV antibodies. RESULTS: During the 7 weeks following vaccination, PBMCs obtained from vaccinated goats had a significantly decreased response to mitogens in terms of DNA synthesis, compared with PBMCs from the same goats before vaccination. Conversely during the experiment, no significant change was found in the response of the PBMCs obtained from unvaccinated goats. Starting from 21 days after vaccination, serum from vaccinated goats had anti-BTV antibodies. No anti-BTV antibodies were detected in the serum from unvaccinated goats. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Inoculation of goats with the monovalent live attenuated BTV serotype 2 vaccine described herein resulted in a profound depression of nonspecific lymphocyte blastogenesis, which might compromise the resistance of vaccinated goats to pathogens.     

Transplacental BVD virus transmission after experimental inoculation of goats in different pregnancy stages

Eight groups of altogether 25 goats without neutralizing antibodies against BVD virus, were inoculated either intranasally or intranasally and subcutaneously with two different BVD virus isolates during different stages of gestation. In all 18 goats inoculated within the first 78 days of gestation an abortion and foetal death rate of approximately 100% occurred. Only one goat gave birth to a clinically healthy kid. The other seven goats which were inoculated after the 78th day of gestation showed also a high foetal death rate. Only two of them gave birth to clinically healthy kids. Neutralizing antibodies against BVD virus could be detected in blood samples drawn from 14 kids born at normal term including stillborn and non-viable offsprings. BVD virus was reisolated from different organs taken from seven foetuses. It was not possible to isolate BVD virus from any of the normal offsprings.     

Susceptibility of goats and calves after experimental inoculation or contact exposure to a Canadian strain of Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides isolated from a goat.

Transmissibility of Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides infection from experimentally inoculated goats to other goats and calves was studied. Eight goats and six calves were housed in an 18 m2 room. Six of the goats were inoculated endobronchially with strain D44 isolated from a natural case of polyarthritis in Ontario. These six goats died within a week of Mycoplasma septicemia. The two contact goats or the six calves never showed signs of disease and M. mycoides subsp. mycoides was not recovered from these animals. The contact goats and four calves were killed 25 days after exposure. They were all seronegative, M. mycoides subsp. mycoides was not recovered at necropsy and none had pathomorphological changes attributable to this Mycoplasma. The two remaining calves were inoculated endobronchially with 10(9) CFU of strain D44 and observed for 20 days. They never showed signs of disease and did not have significant lesions at necropsy. Both developed a significant serological response to M. mycoides subsp. mycoides, although this organism was not recovered during the experimental period or at necropsy. This study did not provide evidence for transmission of M. mycoides subsp. mycoides from endobronchially inoculated goats to contact goats or calves and endobronchially inoculated calves did not develop pneumonia. This would suggest that the infection of the goat population in Canada with this pathogen would not be a significant threat to the cattle population.     

Experimental studies on the pathogenicity of Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae and Mycoplasma arginini for the respiratory tract of goats.

Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae and Mycoplasma arginini were the species of Mollicutes most commonly isolated from 175 goats with respiratory disease in Ontario. The pathogenicity of M. ovipneumoniae, strain B321B and M. arginini, strain D53e, was assessed in goats following endobronchial inoculation. One out of three two year old goats developed fever after inoculation with a pure culture of strain B321B, and it had extensive subacute fibrinous pleuritis when necropsied three weeks later. Neither of the remaining goats had lesions in the respiratory tract. Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae was recovered from one of the animals four days after inoculation, but not at necropsy from any of the goats, at which time a marked humoral immune response with growth inhibiting antibodies was detected. In a second experiment three four to five week old goats were inoculated with the same strain and three other goats were given placebo treatment. One experimental goat developed fever and coughing, and it had extensive subacute fibrinous pleuritis in the right side and pneumonia. Another goat had focal pneumonia in the left diaphragmatic lobe. Microscopically there was subacute hyperplastic suppurative bronchiolitis, atelectasis and nonsuppurative alveolitis. The infected animals did not clear the mycoplasma and not all of them produced antibodies. Mycoplasma arginini, strain D53e, did not induce lesions in any of four goat kids within 14 days after inoculation but did cause transient elevations in rectal temperature, circulating monocytes, circulating neutrophils and blood fibrinogen. Mycoplasma arginini was infective and immunogenic for all inoculated animals and showed a particular affinity for the tonsil. Thus, this study provides the first evidence that M. ovipneumoniae is pathogenic for goats causing pneumonia and pleuritis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

山羊实验感染绵羊进行性肺炎病毒的抗体应答反应

用琼脂凝胶免疫扩散试验（ＡＧＩＤＴ）和免疫印迹试验（ＩＢＡ）对山羊实验感染绵羊进行性肺炎病毒（ＯＰＰＶ）的抗体应答反应进行了研究。结果,用ＡＧＩＤＴ和ＩＢＡ都可在接毒山羊的血清中检测到ＯＰＰＶ的抗体。ＡＧＩＤＴ最早于接毒后１５ｄ检测到抗体;ＩＢＡ最早于接毒后４ｄ检测到抗ＯＰＰＶ的ｇｐ４４和ｐ２８的抗体,以后又陆续检测到抗ｐ９４、ｐ１４和ｇｐ１２５的抗体。由此看出,ＩＢＡ比ＡＧＩＤＴ更为敏感。本研究结果表明,ＯＰ－ＰＶ可在山羊体内诱生较强的体液免疫应答反应,因此用ＯＰＰＶ通过山羊体传代的方法可能会得到具有良好抗原性的ＯＰＰＶ毒株。     

Evaluation of jackrabbits as nonruminant hosts for Anaplasma marginale

Two black-tailed jackrabbits (Lepus californicus), 1 splenectomized and 1 intact, were inoculated with 0.2 ml of a 1:5 dilution of a Florida Anaplasma marginale stabilate. Five months later, both hares were inoculated with 1 ml of whole blood from a calf with acute anaplasmosis. Neither hare developed any signs of clinical anaplasmosis. Pooled blood (7 ml) from these jackrabbits which was inoculated into 2 Anaplasma-susceptible, splenectomized calves failed to induce hematologic or serologic signs of anaplasmosis for at least 90 days. Two susceptible, splenectomized calves were inoculated with 35 ml of pooled whole blood from 9 wild-collected black-tailed jackrabbits from a known anaplasmosis enzootic area. Both steers remained free of anaplasmosis signs for 90 days.     

Experimental contagious caprine pleuropneumonia: a long term study on the course of infection and pathology in a flock of goats infected with Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae

Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP) is a major threat to goat farming in parts of Africa and Asia. It classically causes acute high morbidity and mortality early in infection, but little is known of its long term epizootiology and course. In this study, 10 goats were inoculated with Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae (M. capripneumoniae) and then mixed with 15 goats for contact transmission. The disease course was monitored in each goat for 56-105 days, whereafter the goats were killed and necropsied. Varying features signifying infection occurred in altogether 17 goats (7 inoculated, 10 in-contact). Clinical signs were severe in 8 goats but no fatalities occurred. Only 6 goats had serum antibody titres against M. capripneumoniae in ELISA. Fourteen goats (5 inoculated, 9 in-contact) had chronic pleuropulmonary lesions compatible with CCPP at necropsy and 7 of those showed M. capripneumoniae antigen in the lung by immunohistochemistry. Neither cultivation nor PCR tests were positive for the agent in any goat. The results indicate that the clinical course of CCPP in a flock may be comparatively mild, M. capripneumoniae-associated lung lesions may be present at a late stage of infection, and chronic infection may occur without a significant serological response.