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《现代农业装备》2021,42(4):64-68
中国水资源严重缺乏,而农业用水又占了总用水量的大部分,根据土壤湿度信息来控制农业灌溉对农业节水具有重要意义。本文基于STM32F103CRT6单片机设计了土壤湿度采集及控制装置,利用TDR-3型土壤湿度传感器的相关物理特性和STM32RCT6单片机的控制功能实现土壤湿度的检测及自动灌溉。该装置包括单片机微控制器模块、土壤湿度传感器模块、液晶显示模块、按键模块、串口模块、水肥机继电器模块和电源模块,可实现自动测量土壤湿度并在液晶上显示,并通过键盘设定适宜作物生长的土壤湿度范围:当土壤湿度小于下限值时,启动水肥机增加土壤湿度;当土壤湿度大于上限值时,水肥机停止工作,实现了对农作物的自动节水灌溉。 相似文献
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针对我国新疆地区土地干旱,水分下渗和蒸发比较严重导致灌溉过程中水分流失的问题,研制出一款根据土壤湿度传感器数据和作物需水量进行决策,实现智能灌溉的阀门控制器。该控制器以STM32单片机为控制核心,采用太阳能供电的方式,控制器包括单片机控制电路、土壤湿度采集电路、太阳能充电控制电路、阀门驱动电路、无线通信电路、阀门状态反馈电路。控制器通过土壤湿度传感器采集的数据进行灌溉决策,在土壤含水率低于作物最适宜生长值下限时开启阀门,当土壤含水率达到田间持水量时关闭阀门。农民能通过手机APP远程获取土壤湿度数据和阀门开关状态信息,并能远程控制阀门进行灌溉。经实验分析论证,该控制器运行稳定,能将土壤含水量控制在合适的范围。 相似文献
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《中国农机化学报》2017,(8)
为提高温室管理水平与生产效益,本文以西瓜为例研发基于模糊控制包含环境信息采集模块、服务器管理平台、STM32单片机控制模块和远程监控中心的西瓜温室远程监控系统。环境信息采集模块通过传感器节点采集温室内的空气温湿度、光照强度、二氧化碳浓度、土壤湿度、土壤pH值和土壤EC值,利用ZigBee协议进行组网并通过物联网网关和GPRS网络实现数据传输;STM32单片机控制模块控制滴灌系统、通风扇、加热线、灯带和湿帘的运行;利用模糊控制技术以温湿度为例结合西瓜不同时期的生长特性设计模糊控制器,对温室环境变量进行多变量去耦合控制;远程监控中心通过界面友好的APP客户端进行远程监控。试验表明,该系统能够实现西瓜温室的远程智能化管理,使作物处于最佳生长状态。 相似文献
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为践行复杂山地精准农业,针对复杂的地貌和节水灌溉工程中能源消耗高、人力资源短缺及水资源浪费等现象,采用太阳能作为系统的主要能源供给,根据山地坡度、高差不同,对应滴灌系统流量、压力设计不同,实时按需精准灌溉。为实现远程监控,设计了远程控制通讯模块,各分点采集到的土壤含水率由Zig Bee网络传输到汇聚节点,通过单片机控制;当土壤含水率低于所设置的下限值或高于所设置的上限值时,自动进行电磁阀的开启与关闭,同时利用GSM网络将提示信息发送到用户手机,达到实时灌溉和监控的目的。试验结果表明:研究达到了有效节约水资源、人力资源及滴灌系统功耗的目的,为促进我国农业快速发展提供重要的参考。 相似文献
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摘要:猕猴桃在生长过程中对水分需求十分敏感,普通的滴灌系统过分依赖人力资源。本文基于STC89C52单片机设计了一种自动控制装置,可用于猕猴桃固定式滴灌系统。通过传感器采集土壤湿度及环境不同的参数,单片机做出相应决策对水泵进行控制,使滴灌系统可以实现精准高效作业,节约了人力成本并提高产量,具有一定的推广价值和应用前景。 相似文献
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Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
E. Playn O. Prez-Coveta A. Martínez-Cob J. Herrero P. García-Navarro B. Latorre P. Brufau J. Garcs 《Agricultural Water Management》2008,95(6):645-658
Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m−1) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day−1. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day−1), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day−1 was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration. 相似文献
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车用发动机润滑油失效规律与更换周期研究 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
研究在正常使用条件下10W/30-QC级润滑油用于某型车用发动机时所表现的失效规律,确认期服从两参数Weibull分布,并给出分布的尺度参数η和形状参数m之最佳线性无偏估计(BLUE)同时,还为定量分析,计算车用发动机润滑油的使用可靠性和合理确定其更换周期提供了一套可供借鉴的方法,并给出了具体的计算实例。 相似文献
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瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。 相似文献
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对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明:该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。 相似文献
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对《种子法》存在问题的探讨 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
李鹏 《农业机械化与电气化》2011,(6):129-130
《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。 相似文献
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赵国杰 《农业机械化与电气化》2011,(4):106-107
乡(镇)农技推广体系是农业发展的关键。介绍朝阳市农业技术推广体系的现状,针对目前体制及运行机制、服务手段等方面存在的问题,提出适合朝阳市乡(镇)农技推广体系改革与发展的对策,以期对全省农技推广体系改革和发展起到一些借鉴作用。 相似文献
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苑庆刚 《农业机械化与电气化》2010,(3):52-54
草莓果味酸甜爽口,营养价值高,为人们所喜爱的应市鲜果之一。由于草莓易受损伤和微生物侵染,因此其采收、贮藏过程极为重要。介绍草莓采收过程中的注意事项以及11种贮藏保鲜技术的实施步骤和操作方法,推介9种加工方式,为草莓产业化提供技术支持。 相似文献
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在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。 相似文献
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About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered. 相似文献