桂花嫩枝扦插繁殖技术试验

2013年6月在福建邵武市苗圃对桂花进行了当年生半木质化嫩枝扦插繁殖试验。采用不同生根促进剂、不同浓度,以及不同扦插基质处理。6个月后结果表明:桂花的嫩枝扦插生根率有显著差异,生根数量及根长等生根性状未达显著差异水平;桂花嫩枝扦插较佳的处理组合是:ABT3号生根剂,质量浓度为250 mg·L-1,生根率达90.0%;桂花在不同扦插基质条件下,生根率以2号基质(黄心土70%+河沙30%(体积比))较好。     

“松树生根剂研配”成果通过鉴定

松类树种扦插繁殖一直是国内外重视的技术难点。由江西农大林学系与武功山林场研配的松树生根剂,两年来通过对马尾松、湿地松、火炬松等松类树种扦插进行处理,从5个配制药品中筛选出PRA—7号松树生根剂,使扦插生根成活率提高到88%以上。     

蓝浆果扦插育苗技术比较研究

运用正交试验对ABT生根剂处理蓝桨果插条的处理浓度、处理时间、枝条类型和扦插基质4个因素进行了比较,结果表明,生根剂不同浓度,不同枝条类型和不同扦插基质对蓝浆果扦插育苗成活率有显著影响,在南昌地区9月中旬开展蓝浆果扦插育苗,选取当年生春梢做插条,采用ABT生根剂100mg/kg或50mg/kg处理插条4h或8h,并扦插在黄心土上,能有效提高成活率。     

新疆杨全光喷雾扦插育苗试验研究

新疆杨扦插育苗、全光喷雾，插穗选母树根部当年萌生条，基质用消毒珍珠岩，生根剂浓度５００ｐｐｍ，生根率分别为９０．２％和９２．１％。６－７月中旬可完成两次循环。     

贵州省湿地松,火炬松无性繁殖技术研究

分别取湿地松、火炬松成年树当年生枝、针叶及一年生苗枝、针叶进行扦插、嫁接对比试验和扦插季节选择试验。从无性繁殖成活率、生产管理、推广运用及经济学等因素综合考虑；湿地松，火炬松无性繁殖以一年生苗枝条扦插成本低，易在生产上推广运用。且扦插季节宜在春季。     

基质和生根剂浓度对树参扦插生根的影响

以当年生长健壮且无病虫害的树参木质化枝条为材料,研究不同扦插基质和植物生根剂浓度对树参扦插生根的影响,结果表明:不同基质、生根剂浓度和浸泡时间长短对树参扦插繁殖生根有显著影响,基质对树参扦插的影响最大,其次为生根剂的浸泡时间,生根剂的浓度影响最小。最佳组合为100%黄土、生根剂浓度为500mg/L和浸泡时间60min。     

湿地松高产脂家系扦插试验初报

在突破了湿地松、火炬松、马尾松嫩枝扦插繁殖技术后 ,对湿地松高产脂不同家系 1年生苗木基部萌条扦插生根率、苗木移栽成活率及其苗木高、径生长量进行方差分析 ,结果表明 :不同家系间的扦插生根率、苗木高、径生长量均呈极显著差异 ,不同家系的移栽成活率呈显著差异。     

常绿白蜡扦插繁殖技术

以当年生和2年生枝条为扦插材料,用不同处理方法对常绿白蜡进行扦插育苗试验,考察影响常绿白蜡扦插生根的主要因子,结果发现激素种类为影响常绿白蜡嫩枝扦插生根主要因素,其次是插穗类型和浸泡时间,激素浓度影响较小。试验分析表明当年生枝条扦插生根效果比2年生枝条扦插生根效果更好。常绿白蜡嫩枝扦插试验最佳处理为取当年生枝条中部用浓度为500mg／kg的ABT生根粉1号溶液快浸10s,扦插后60天生根率达60％。     

常绿白蜡扦插繁殖技术

以当年生和2年生枝条为扦插材料,用不同处理方法对常绿白蜡进行扦插育苗试验,考察影响常绿白蜡扦插生根的主要因子,结果发现激素种类为影响常绿白蜡嫩枝扦插生根主要因素,其次是插穗类型和浸泡时间,激素浓度影响较小。试验分析表明当年生枝条扦插生根效果比2年生枝条扦插生根效果更好。常绿白蜡嫩枝扦插试验最佳处理为取当年生枝条中部用浓度为500 mg/kg的ABT生根粉1号溶液快浸10 s,扦插后60天生根率达60%。     

嘉宝果全光照喷雾扦插繁殖技术研究

以嘉宝果当年生枝条为插穗,开展扦插时期、扦插基质、生根剂种类及其浓度对嘉宝果全光照喷雾扦插成活影响的研究。结果表明:嘉宝果在湖南浏阳地区的扦插时间以6月底最佳,扦插成活率91.1%以上;扦插基质以泥炭土与珍珠岩按体积比2∶1配制最为适宜,扦插成活率达90.7%;植物生根剂宜选择KIBA,用其1 000 mg·L~(-1)浓度溶液速沾插穗基部30 s,扦插成活率在90.8%以上。     

火炬松和湿地松幼苗蔗糖含量与生长潜势关系的研究初报

火炬松(Pinux taeda L.)和湿地松(Pinus elliottii Engelm)是我国南方重要的外引用材树种,经过多年的试验研究,已选出一批较好的种源、家系和单株,并建立了种子园。当前早期鉴定和早期选择已成为必不可少的一项研究内容,近几年来越来越多的研究者指出,林木幼龄期的某些性状或生理生化指标与成熟期性状之间存在一定的相关性,认为树木生长的早期选择是可能的,尤其从生理生化方面来探索林木早期预测的研究已引起人们的高度重视。但     

杂种松扦插繁殖试验初报

通过近３年的杂种松扦插繁殖试验结果表明,选用黄泥心土基质、穗条采下后浸于５０ｍｇ／ｋｇ的台化牌植物生根促进剂溶液或１ｇ／ｋｇ多菌灵溶液各０．５ｈ或浸于１ｇ／ｋｇ多菌灵溶液０．５ｈ后蘸黄泥浆扦插等处理、在冬春季节光照充足的圃地、穗条长６～１４．５ｃｍ、顶端次生叶长５．５～１３ｃｍ等条件下扦插生根率高;并且在穗条、管理措施、扦插季节等条件合适的情况下,部分家系的扦插生根率较稳定,可达到７５％,最高达１００％。大规模扦插试验平均生根率达９１％。     

2种国外松与马尾松生长比较

通过对福建闽侯南屿林场火炬松、湿地松及马尾松家系子代测定林连续10 a的跟踪调查分析表明,火炬松家系不仅在胸径、树高及材积上存在极显著差异,而且与湿地松、马尾松的生长量也存在极显著差异;火炬松早期生长明显优于马尾松,但是随着树龄增长,马尾松生长速度明显加快,7年生时生长量超过火炬松家系平均生长量,10年生时超过火炬松最好家系生长量;湿地松生长趋势与火炬松相似,即前期生长比马尾松快,后期生长落后于马尾松,但湿地松早期生长稍落后于火炬松,后期生长优于火炬松。     

Cattle grazing and pine survival and growth in subterranean clover pasture

When combining pines and cattle on tame pasture, grazing is often delayed for several years until trees are large enough to resist injury. As an alternative approach to delayed or deferred grazing during the early years, this study in central Louisiana, USA, examined the effects of cattle grazing in subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) pastures on slash (Pinus elliottii Engelm.) and loblolly pine (P. taeda L.) seeding survival and growth during the first 3 years of tree establishment. Pines were planted at about 1200 trees/ha in 3 rows on 0.4-ha subclover units with 1.3 m spacing within rows. Three grazing treatments included: (1) ungrazed pines, (2) limited grazing with a single-wire electric fence above the planted pines, and (3) grazed pines. Thirty Brahman crossbred cows with calves and a bull grazed the tame pasture on a controlled grazing, rotational basis from December through May each year, during the subterranean clover growing season. Pine trampling injury during the year was 8% on the grazed seedlings while essentially none occured under limited grazing. During the first 2 growing seasons, survival and height of the pines were significantly less on the grazed seedlings than on either the limited grazing or ungrazed seedlings. Pine heights from the limited grazing and ungrazed treatments were not different during the 3-year study; loblolly pine heights from the limited grazing treatment continued to be taller than the grazed treatment through the third year while the slash pine heights were similar for all treatments by the third year. Seedling mortality became more acute as severity of grazing injury increased; the greatest mortality occured when the terminal bud and needles were both browsed off.     

14年生火炬松优良家系选择

在福建省漳平五一国有林场,对美国引进的火炬松第1代种子园25个家系试验林进行测定,以湿地松、马尾松为对照。结果表明:火炬松早期生长较易感染松针褐斑病,保存率较低;14年生火炬松家系总体生长优于湿地松、低于马尾松;各家系在树高、胸径和材积等性状上有着显著差异;综合各性状共选择出4个优良家系(21、9、18、13号),14年生树高、胸径和单株材积的平均值分别为12.6 m、20.4 cm、0.1981 m3,比湿地松增长9.2%、25.9%、71.1%,遗传增益达8.9%、24.7%、67.9%。     

Aluminum sensitivity of loblolly pine and slash pine seedlings grown in solution culture

To probe variation in Al sensitivity of two co-occurring pine species, seedlings from six full-sib families of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) and slash pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm.) were grown in solution culture containing 4.4 mM (high-Al) or 0.01 mM (low-Al) AlCl(3) at pH 4 for 58 days. On average, both pine species had 41% less total dry weight in the high-Al treatment than in the low-Al treatment. Stem volume growth of slash pine was more sensitive to the high-Al treatment than that of loblolly pine. In both species, the high-Al treatment inhibited root dry weight more than shoot dry weight. Within-species variation in Al sensitivity among families was greater in loblolly pine (24 to 52% inhibition of seedling dry weight) than in slash pine (35 to 47% inhibition of seedling dry weight). Foliar Al concentration was positively correlated with Al sensitivity in slash pine but not in loblolly pine; however, in both species, the concentration of Al in roots was 20-fold greater than in foliage.     

湿地松,火炬松木材密度变异和优树选择的研究

研究了影响湿地松、火炬松木材密度变异的主要因素；探讨了对木材密度进行综合选择的选优方法，选出湿地松，火炬松优良单株７３株。     

Importance of weed control, fertilization, irrigation, and genetics in slash and loblolly pine early growth on poorly drained spodosols

Research reported here has evaluated interactions of factors limiting the biological potential of slash pine (Pinus elliottii var. elliottii Engelm.) and loblolly pine (P. Taeda L.). Water and nutrients were manipulated by irrigation, weed control, and intensive fertilization. Genetic factors were incorporated as (1) improved loblolly seedlings from a commercial clonal seed orchard and (2) slash seedlings from four fast-growing, open-pollinated seed-orchard clones. Three replications of a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial experiment were established on a Typic Haplaquod soil in northern Florida using four cultural treatments: no treatment (F0H0); weed control (F0H1); fertilizer (F1F0); and combination of weed control and fertilizer (F1H1) for each species. During the first year there were large, sustained responses to all cultural practices. Loblolly and slash pine showed similar growth responses and had a lengthened growing season (60–100 days). Slash pine growth was superior to that of loblolly. Growth responses observed during the first year continued. After 4 years, irrigation had no measurable effect on tree growth. Both pine species responded equally to F1H0 and F0H1, but slash retained a slight edge. Extra nutrients]available via fertilizer, reduced competition, or additional rooting space, increased slash-pine volume index from an average of 2.0 m³ ha⁻¹ (F0H0) to 11.90 and 13.59 m³ ha⁻¹ (F0H1 and F1H0, respectively). The F1H1 treatment produced the largest slash-pine response, diameter at breast height (D_bh) averaged 9.84 cm, height reached 5.02 m, and volume index rose to about 22.94 m³ ha⁻¹. With teh F1H1 treatment, average loblolly-pine height and volume exceeded that of the average slash pine. At age 4, the growth response due to increased nutrient supply was 13–29 times that of the best genetic response within F0H0 trees of the four slash-pine progenies. The best-growing slash-pine family (6–56) exceeded loblolly-pine growth under all four treatments and approximated the vigor shown by slash pine in the southern hemisphere.     

Genetic variation in rooting ability of loblolly pine cuttings: effects of auxin and family on rooting by hypocotyl cuttings

After about 20 days, hypocotyl cuttings from 20-day-old loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) seedlings rooted easily in the presence of the auxin indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), with roots forming directly from xylem parenchyma. In contrast, woody cuttings from 1-2-year-old hedged seedlings formed roots indirectly from callus tissue in 60-90 days, but IBA had little effect on rooting. Variation in rooting among hypocotyls from both half- and full-sib families was highly significant in response to IBA, and rooting did not occur within 20 days unless IBA was applied. Hypocotyls from poor rooting families tended to produce fewer roots per cutting than hypocotyls from good rooting families. Rooting by woody cuttings and hypocotyl cuttings from the same nine full-sib families was weakly correlated, raising the possibility that at least some common genetically controlled processes were affecting rooting by both types of cutting. The phytotropin N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA), supplied at 1 micro M with 10 micro M IBA, significantly inhibited rooting by hypocotyl cuttings from both good and poor rooting families, but there was no significant family x treatment interaction. Family variation in rooting ability may be a function of the frequency of occurrence of auxin-responsive cells in the hypocotyls.     

Aluminum fractions in root tips of slash pine and loblolly pine families differing in Al resistance

Aluminum (Al) distribution among several cellular fractions was investigated in root tips of seedlings of one Al-resistant and one Al-sensitive family of slash pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm.) and loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) grown in nutrient solution containing 100 microM AlCl3 (pH 4) for 167 h. Aluminum present in 5-mm-long root tips was fractionated into cell-wall-labile (desorbed in 0.5 mM citric acid), cell-wall-bound (retained after filtering disrupted cells through 20-microm mesh) and symplasmic (filtrate following cell disruption) fractions. When averaged across both species, 12% of Al absorbed by root tips appeared in the symplasmic fraction and 88% in the apoplasmic fraction (55% as cell-wall-labile, and 33% as cell-wall-bound). On a fresh mass basis, total Al in root tips was lower in loblolly pine than in slash pine, lower in the Al-resistant slash pine family than in the Al-sensitive slash pine family, and lower in the Al-resistant families than in the Al-sensitive families across species. Although the data support the hypothesis that Al-resistant plants limit Al uptake to root apices, they do not exclude other mechanisms of Al resistance. Differential Al resistance between the species and between slash pine families may also be associated with the size of the total non-labile and cell-wall-labile Al fractions, respectively. We were unable to identify the basis for differential Al resistance in loblolly pine.