杂交稻抛秧高产实用技术研究

为了探索杂交委抛秧高产实用技术，设置了多因素试验，结果明确：杂交稻软盘育秧，适宜播种量为每盘４０ｇ，适宜抛栽期为三叶一心期，适宜抛栽密度为１ｍ＾２ ２５穴，盘秧上泥浆前底施营养剂、１．５叶龄撇布多效唑，空穴率低，秧苗矮壮，省工易行，抛秧分蘖力旺盛，适当减少分蘖肥，增施穗粒肥，可降低苗峰，提高成穗率，形成穗多穗大兼容的高产群体。     

SBJ—Ⅲ型水稻钵育精播机的研制

ＳＢＪ－Ⅲ型水稻钵育精播机，可以一次完成铺底上、播种、覆土等育秧播种作业 。该机每小时可播１２０￣１５０盘，播量精确，每穴３￣５粒种子，空穴率为零，适用于５６１穴、４６８穴、３５２穴钵育盘的播种作业。     

SBJ-Ⅲ型水稻钵育精播机的研制

SBJ-Ⅲ型水稻钵育精播机，可以一次完成铺底土、播种、覆土等育秧播种作业。该机每小时可播120～150盘，播量精确，每穴3～5粒种子．空穴率为零．适用于561穴、468穴、352穴钵育盘的播种作业。     

播种方式和播种密度对杂交籼稻机插秧节本增效的研究

【目的】探索机插杂交籼稻稀播育秧秧苗生长特性、栽插质量、产量与效益特点。【方法】以F优498和Ⅱ优498的种子为材料开发并优选条播器后,采用两因素裂区设计,播种方式为主区,播种量为副区。【结果】条播播种均匀度优势明显,24行条播规格效果最佳。播种14 d后,秧苗开始产生分蘖芽,播后17至23 d是分蘖芽发生速率最快时期。随播种密度的增加,成苗率、干物质积累量、根冠比、秧苗充实度、N积累量、分蘖芽发生率、发根力、漏插率都呈降低趋势,同时有效穗数增加,每穗粒数减少,产量先增加后降低。条播相对于散播,秧苗整体素质较好,易形成壮秧,产量较高。【结论】投入与产出综合分析,采用条播方式,播种密度为50 g/盘时,秧苗群体密度和个体优势之间能得到较好的协调,产投比最高。     

水稻育苗存在的问题及对策

众所周知，水稻秧苗的质量是水稻优质高产高效的基础。近年来由于大力推广了大中棚钵盘育秧技术，水稻秧苗素质有了很大提高。但在目前生产中还存在着很多问题，许多地块秧苗素质不高，严重影响了水稻的生长发育和优质高效栽培，主要有以下１０个问题：１、大中棚比例还不是很高，小棚育苗仍有较大面积，专业化的育苗中心还太少；２、播种量过大，秧苗营养面积小，手插苗每平方米播量超过３００g的现象仍较常见；育４．５叶以上大苗还用小孔钵盘；３、秧盘播种不匀，播种器用得较少，多数农户为了省工采用混土播种，先入盘的种子和土混得较…     

水稻抛秧育苗试验总结

影响水稻抛秧育苗成败的因子很多。通过对不同播种方法、播种量和不同秧盘对比等８个处理进行出苗情况、秧苗素质及适宜苗穴率的试验分析，得出先装土后播种４．５粒／穴、种土混合３．５粒／穴、种土混合４．５粒／穴表现较理想。     

晚稻软盘直抛育秧技术研究

通过试验分析比较，对晚稻软盘直抛秧的秧苗素质、产量有较大影响的主要农艺措施的作用大小为：秧龄＞烯效唑用量＞盘型＞烯效唑用法。选用大孔盘、每０．６９ｇ烯效唑拌１ｋｇ干谷芽和采取营养土旱育旱管在３０ｄ秧龄内抛栽的都可达到高产。     

水稻应用有机盘育苗试验

1998年我场引进了由吉林省长春市广田绿色农业肥料研究中心研制的无污染有机育秧盘（简称有机盘），它可代替铺子盘、调酸、消毒、拌肥等程序。经大面积应用试验表明，有机盘能省工省时，简化作业环节，提高了工作效率。且水稻根系发达，须根多，秧苗素质高。且试验方法试验区设在八五九农场IO队，机插秧盘为对照，3次重复，各处理为6盘。采取同一品种，同一播期，同一来源的盘上，同一大棚育苗。作床、浸种、催芽、播种、水分、温度等操作管理同常规。每盘播芽种1009。“有机盘”育秧：将土直接装在有机盘上，厚度2．ocm。机插秧盘育苗门…     

云南籼稻小苗机插技术研究

为了降低机插稻育秧、运秧劳动强度,在云南籼稻地区探索籼稻小苗机插技术。以吉优716为材料,设置160 g/盘（T1 ）和180 g/盘（T2）2个播种量处理,秧龄9 d,每667 m²大田用秧6盘。以常规播种量70 g/盘,15 d秧龄,每667 m²用秧15盘为对照,比较分析了不同处理间秧苗素质、栽插质量、茎蘖动态和产量的差异。结果表明,虽然密播小苗处理秧苗素质不如对照,并且缺丛率较高,但每丛基本苗数、各时期的茎蘖数和有效穗数均显著高于对照,最终产量均高于对照。较高的有效穗数是机插密播小苗技术增产的主要原因。其中,T1处理用种量比对照减少了8.57%,秧盘数比对照减少60%,但产量比对照增加了9.0%,节本增效的效果明显,具有较大的推广潜力。     

三膜覆盖与稀播稀植技术对水稻品种龙粳26秧苗素质与产量的影响

采用三膜覆盖与稀播稀植技术扩繁龙粳26,结果与常规水稻相比,繁育田的实际播量为89.8 g芽种/盘,每盘播量减少芽谷38.5 g;秧苗素质明显提高:叶龄增加了1.2片叶,根数增加了2.3条,根长增加了1.3 cm,茎基部宽增加了0.5毫米,百株地上干重增加0.92 g,百株地下干重增加0.27 g,带蘖率增加了8.7个百分点;移栽密度为37.6株/m2,减少79.2株/m2;繁育田产量694 kg/667 m2,增产12.7%,繁育倍数为301.7倍,比常规田提高了62%。     

Some effect fluid-sowing, pre-germination, irrigation and soil covering on the establishment and growth of seedlings of white clover slot-seeded into permanent pasture

Seeds of white clover ( Trifolium repens ) were sown alone or in fluid, or pre-germinated in fluid on to the soil surface of slots cut in an old Agrostis/Festuca sward. Seeds were left uncovered or covered with a thin layer of soil and irrigated from the outset or after 14 days delay.
With irrigation from the outset, seedlings established soonest from pre-germinated seeds but final percentage establishment ranged only from 50 to 63% for the three states of seed. With delayed Irrigation, however, few pre-germinated s1 survived and although germination of dry seed was delayed, final percentage establishment was unaffected. Soil covering increased establishment slightly. The number of leaves per seedling was greatest with pre-germination and early irrigation and least with pre-germination and delayed irrigation. Delayed irrigation also decreased the number of leaves per seedling for seedlings grown from dry seed.
The effects of early irrigation persisted so that at 84 days it significantly increased total yield of clover from all three states of seed, on average threefold, but much more from pre-germinated than from dry seed. Soil covering greatly increased yield, especially where irrigation had been applied from the outset. The interaction of early irrigation and soil covering was even more pronounced for stolon weights, and stolon growth of Individual seedlings appeared to benefit more from soil covering than from early irrigation.
The results showed the importance of early seedling emergence, but no advantages of fluid sowing per se. They also indicated large overall beneficial effects of early irrigation and its additive interaction with soil covering.     

播种量和育秧方式对籼粳杂交稻甬优1540秧苗素质的影响

以生产上应用面积较大的广适性籼粳杂交稻甬优1540为材料,设置钵苗育秧和毯苗育秧2种育秧方式以及4种播种量处理,研究不同播种量和育秧方式对籼粳杂交稻秧苗素质的影响。结果表明,随着播种量的增加,无论是钵苗育秧还是毯苗育秧,各秧苗素质指标总体上呈降低趋势。同一播种量条件下,钵苗育秧处理的株高极显著高于毯苗育秧处理;钵苗育秧处理出苗率在S4播种量（8粒/孔）时显著低于毯苗育秧处理（86.0 g/盘）,其他播种量下无显著差异。2种育秧方式的叶龄和茎基宽在S1播种量（2粒/孔或21.5 g/盘）时差异不显著,在其他播种量时钵苗育秧处理显著或极显著高于毯苗育秧处理。2种育秧方式的根长、地上部干物质量和地下部干物质量仅在低播种量时差异显著;同一播种量下2种育秧方式间的根数无显著差异。     

水稻大钵体毯状苗机械育插秧技术研究与应用

为解决传统机插秧技术秧龄适应期短、栽插后秧苗植伤大等技术问题,突破双季稻区、稻麦轮作区和东北寒地稻区水稻发展的瓶颈,本项目开发了水稻大钵体毯状苗机械化育插秧技术。该技术充分发挥了水稻钵体苗栽培高产优质的农艺技术优势和机插秧高效精准机械化作业优势,集成创新了水稻大钵体毯状苗育秧盘、精准对位播种、秧期综合管理和高速机械栽插等关键技术。水稻大钵体毯状苗育秧盘突出了水稻钵苗的技术特点,创新了育秧盘结构,在低播量条件下所育秧苗上毯下钵,素质高,有效延长了秧苗适宜机插时间,减少了栽插时秧苗的根系损伤,栽插后几乎无缓苗期;2ZBL-400型水稻育秧生产线解决了低播量和精准对位育秧播种的难题;应用秧期综合管理技术培育合格秧苗是实现水稻大钵体毯状苗机插秧的关键,育秧方式采用旱育秧技术模式;水稻大钵体毯状苗在机插时要求插秧机进行按钵取苗,对现有插秧机的横向和纵向送秧机构进行简单的改进设计就可以满足水稻大钵体毯状苗机插秧的技术要求。该技术已经在全国水稻主产区进行了广泛试验和示范推广,具有缓解茬口紧张、降低生产风险、促进农药减施、增产效果明显等优点。该技术有效缓解了双季稻区、稻麦轮作区和东北寒地稻区机插秧造成的水稻生育期不足难题,为水稻机械化作业开拓了一条新的技术模式。     

育秧基质与秧盘组合对北方机插稻秧苗素质及产量的影响

在辽宁西部早春温室大棚条件下,以北方粳型超级稻辽粳399为参试品种,探讨了不同育秧基质与秧盘组合处理对机插稻秧苗素质及产量的影响。结果表明,与采用客土作育秧基质相比,其他3种育秧基质均具有提升秧苗素质的作用;与对照(客土+盒式秧盘)相比,其他7个组合处理下的秧苗素质更好,且运输更加方便,移栽根系损伤轻、缓苗时间短,并以M2K2组合处理(有机育苗基质+钵形毯状秧盘)表现最优,产量也最高,比对照增产11.91%。     

不同育秧方式对水稻秧苗素质及产量性状的影响

以岗优188和南粳9108为材料,研究了泥质法露天育秧、营养土露天育秧和营养土工厂育秧3种育秧方式对秧苗素质及产量性状的影响。结果表明,不同育秧方式对供试品种的大田生育期并无明显影响;泥质法露天育秧所育秧苗茎基宽最高,但秧苗叶面积最小,营养土工厂育秧所育秧苗的地上部鲜质量和干质量明显高于泥质法露天育秧;泥质法露天育秧所育秧苗根数最多,但根鲜质量和根干质量以营养土露天育秧最高;产量方面,2个供试品种均以泥质法露天育秧最高,其次是营养土露天育秧,营养土工厂育秧最低,泥质法露天育秧产量较高的原因在于其每穗总粒数和结实率较高。     

Effects of Different Seedling Raising Trays on Plant Type and Grain Yield of Machine-Transplanted Double Cropping Rice

【Objective】The objective is to elucidate the effects of different seedling raising trays on plant type and yield of machine-transplanted double cropping rice.【Method】Field experiments were conducted in Jiangxi in 2019, involving two early and two late rice cultivars and three types of nursery trays [blanket tray(CK), bowl tray(D1) and bowl-blanket tray(D2)]. The changing characteristics of plant morphology and yield components were systematically measured. 【Result】The results indicated that: 1) The seedling quality of different seedling raising trays followed the trend of CK>D1>D2. The whole transplanting quality of seedlings under D2 was the best, as reflected by lower floating rate, injure rate and missed rate of seedling than CK. 2) Under D2 treatment, the seedlings turned green quickly and tillering was accelerated after jointing stage. The average number of tillers at booting stage was D2 > D1 > CK, which effectively increased the tiller number and panicle number and directly promote the yield. In the booting stage of early and late rice, the SPAD value of seedling leaves under D2 treatment was 3.2% higher than that under D1, and 9.2% higher than that under CK treatment, which effectively promoted photosynthesis and provided nutrition guarantee for increasing yield; 3) The yield data showed that D2 treatment had the highest yield in early rice, 13.04% and 1.65% higher than CK and D1, 30% and 19% higher than CK, respectively, and 20% higher than CK on average; The high yield of D2 treatment was due to its high chlorophyll contents in leaves, high effective panicle number, high seed setting rate and 1000-grain weight. 【Conclusion】Compared with the blanket nursing tray and bowl tray, the bowl-blanket tray can raise seedling quality and grain yield, which has a potential to be widely applied for high yield cultivation in double cropping rice production.     

不同育秧剂对陕南稻麦油两熟区机插秧秧苗素质与栽插质量的影响

以常规中籼稻黄华占为材料，采用温室大棚旱育秧方式，研究不同育秧剂对陕南稻麦油两熟区机插秧秧苗素质与栽插质量的影响。结果表明，温室大棚旱育秧方式下，秧苗适栽期为播种后31～38 d，大田栽插穴苗数为5苗/穴；秧苗综合品质比较，表现为育秧基质＞旱育保姆＞育秧伴侣＞对照CK；大田栽插比较，育秧基质效果最佳，呈现返青快，单株分蘖高的特点；经济性状比较，表现出育秧基质＞旱育保姆＞育秧伴侣的总体效果。合理筛选育秧剂和栽插条件，能提高秧苗素质，改善群体发育动态，实现增穗增粒，提高产量，有效促进机械化稻作技术在本地区的推广。     

Rice seedling establishment as affected by cultivar,seed coating with calcium peroxide,sowing depth,and water level

Inconsistent seedling establishment is a constraint to the adoption of direct seeding of lowland rice (Oryza sativa L.) in the tropics. Rice cultivars with superior seedling establishment in flooded soil have been recently identified. The establishment of these tolerant cultivars was compared with a control cultivar with and without calcium peroxide-coated seed under various combinations of water level and sowing depth. Water level had little effect on seedling establishment when seed were sown on the soil surface, but establishment was reduced by raising the water level when seed were sown below the soil surface. Calcium peroxide-coated seed established better than the tolerant cultivars at 13- and 25-mm sowing depths, but their seedlings were shorter and less vigorous than those of tolerant cultivars. Tolerant cultivars and coated seed had longer mesocotyls than controls. Sowing tolerant cultivars beneath a flooded soil surface at less than 13 mm assists achievement of consistent seedling establishment in lowland rice production.     

不同育秧盘对机插双季稻株型与产量的影响

【目的】旨在阐明不同育秧盘对机插双季稻株型与产量的影响。【方法】以4个早、晚稻品种为材料,设置毯状盘(CK)、钵体盘(D1)和钵体毯状盘(D2)3种育秧盘试验,系统测定了不同育秧盘处理下早、晚稻植株形态特征与产量结构。【结果】1）不同秧盘处理秧苗素质表现为CK>D1>D2;机插时,D2处理下秧苗整体机插质量最优,表现在漂秧率、伤秧率和漏插率D2均优于CK,提高了栽插质量;2）D2处理下秧苗返青快,拔节期后分蘖快,孕穗期分蘖数D2>D1>CK,有效促进了茎蘖成穗,直接影响产量;从SPAD值看,早晚稻孕穗期时,D2处理下秧苗叶片SPAD值比D1处理平均高出3.2%,比CK处理平均高出9.2%,可有效促进光合作用,为增产提供了营养保障;3）产量数据显示,早晚稻均以D2处理产量最高,早稻分别比CK和D1增产13.04%和1.65%,晚稻分别增产30%和19%,平均比对照(CK)育秧机插增产20%;具体表现在D2处理叶片叶绿素含量高,有效穗数多,结实率和千粒重指标好。【结论】与毯状盘和钵体盘相比,钵体毯状盘可提高秧苗素质和产量,在江西双季稻生产中具有推广应用价值。