海滨木槿繁殖技术

海滨木槿是一种优良的园林绿化树种,也是盐碱地造林绿化的首选树种。以海滨木槿种子为试材,对其育苗和绿枝扦插繁殖技术进行了研究,以期为该树种的开发利用提供参考依据。结果表明:海滨木槿种子经过沙藏发芽率和成苗率显著提高;吲哚丁酸(IBA)对海滨木槿绿枝扦插生根有显著促进作用,3 000mg·L-1 IBA处理是海滨木槿绿枝插穗生根最适浓度,生根率达到97%以上;扦插季节影响插穗生根,5、6月绿枝扦插生根率、根数和根长最好;海滨木槿1年生枝半木质化嫩梢和2年生枝木质化茎段生根率没有显著差异,插条木质化程度对海滨木槿扦插生根影响不明显。     

李扦插育苗试验

<正> 黑龙江省农科院桨果研究所自1985年以来进行了李子扦插育苗试验。结果表明,硬枝扦插和绿枝扦插的生根率为91.7～96.7％;嫁接成活率为94.5～100％;成苗率为86.7～95.0％。具体作法:(1)利用小黄李冬季修剪下的硬枝,选直径0.3cm     

大果沙棘嫩枝扦插繁殖技术

对影响大果沙棘嫩枝扦插生根的主要因素进行了研究。结果表明:在6月底到7月底采条,且选择枝条半木质化的中部做插穗,用NAA 50 mg/L或IBA 100 mg/L处理16 h后,在沙和土(3∶1)基质上扦插生根效果好,插穗生根率高达80%以上。     

树莓嫩枝扦插育苗

我站从1999年开始探索树莓的嫩枝扦插育苗技术.用ABT 1号生根粉处理插条,扦插后用喷水仪定时喷水保持湿度,20天后即可生根,生根率95%以上.当年移栽后加强管理,苗木粗壮,芽眼饱满,根系发达,苗高达50～150cm.     

蓝莓绿枝扦插生根试验

以兔眼蓝莓为试材,研究品种、插条部位、扦插基质、生根剂种类和浓度等因素对绿枝扦插生根的影响.结果表明:不同品种间扦插生根率差异显著,园蓝的生根率最高,为71％;插条中上部的生根率高于中下部;扦插基质中珍珠岩+草炭土(V︰V=1︰1)的生根率最高,与其他处理间差异显著;生根剂中,ABT浓度在1 500 mg/L时的生根率...     

蓝莓绿枝扦插繁育技术研究

试验以蓝莓品种‘奥尼尔’、V5、‘北陆’为试材,探讨不同扦插时期、不同扦插基质和不同生根剂及浓度等几个重要因素对蓝莓绿枝繁育生根率的影响.结果表明,天津地区最佳的扦插时期春秋两季,以体积比2∶1∶1的草炭、蛭石、珍珠岩配合适量有机肥为扦插基质,经低浓度的ABT1号生根粉处理,可得到较高的绿枝扦插生根率.     

猕猴桃扦插后的管理技术

提高猕猴桃扦插繁殖成活率的关键是插后管理 ,包括环境控制及幼苗管理。具体做法如下。1　环境控制1.1　保持适当的湿度　扦插后注意控制插壤和床面空气湿度。扦插前期气温低 ,插穗尚未萌芽展叶 ,耗水量少 ,供水不宜太多 ,以 7～ 10 d(天 )浇 1次透水为宜 ;抽梢展叶后 ,耗水量增加 ,晴天应每隔 2～ 3d(天 )浇 1次透水 ,温度高时每天酌情喷水 ,保持插壤表面不发白。1.2　温度调节　硬枝扦插 ,在插穗产生愈伤组织前 ,温度控制在 19℃～ 2 0℃ ,产生愈伤组织后控制在 2 1℃～ 2 5℃。插后半月左右开始生根 ,大部分插穗生根后 ,停止对插壤增温。…     

果树的病毒病与无病毒栽培（续Ⅱ）

正(续前)对一些生根能力较强的果树树种还可采用瓶外生根(即试管苗扦插生根)的方法。如葡萄分化苗则可进行试管苗扦插。做法是剪取高2cm以上的分化苗,经用IBA生根剂50～100mg/L浸蘸20～30s后,便可扦插于备好的基质上。基质通常用草炭、河沙及园土各1/3均匀混合,并经高温灭菌或喷多菌灵等杀菌剂灭菌后     

梨矮化砧木中矮1号绿枝扦插繁殖研究

探索梨矮化砧木中矮1号扦插繁殖难以生根的技术问题，为其在生产中作为自根砧推广应用提供理论和技术支持。以中矮1号当年生绿枝为插穗材料，研究不同基质、不同药剂配比及浓度对其扦插的影响，通过正交设计试验分析影响中矮1号绿枝扦插生根的主要因素。结果表明：5种基质中，蛭石的扦插效果最好；经过药剂处理后的插穗，扦插效果显著优于对照，相比于较高质量浓度（3 000～4 000 mg/L）的药剂处理，较低质量浓度（2 000～2 500 mg/L）的药剂更有利于插穗的生长；正交设计试验结果表明，枝条部位是影响插穗存活率、愈伤组织诱导率的主要因素，而IBA则是影响插穗生根率的主要植物生长调节剂。中矮1号新梢中下部绿枝经过2 500 mg/L IBA+NAA(3∶1)速蘸1 s处理后扦插于蛭石基质中，最高获得了10.0%的插穗生根率。     

李树嫩枝扦插繁殖及其自根树生长结果的表现

利用李树嫩枝扦插繁殖自根苗,既能省工、省时、又可缩短育苗周期,降低生产成本。经过1985～1988年3年的试验,结果表明:长10～20cm,粗0.2～0.3cm的半木质化李树嫩枝,于基部用萘乙酸250ppm浸泡1小时或1000ppm速蘸,扦插在蛭石或细河沙为基质的插床上,保持温度20～30℃,相对湿度90％以上的条件,经30～40天嫩枝生根率可达90％以上,植株移栽成活率达93.2％。培育的自根苗定植后,生长迅速扩冠快,第2年开花,第3年见果,比嫁接苗提早开花结果1～2年。     

Mist propagation of peach and almond × peach hybrids

Several factors contributing to the successful rooting of stem cuttings of four peach clones and one almond × peach hybrid under intermittent mist were tested. With the almond × peach cross, leaf-bud cuttings were also tested.Severe cutting back of adult peach mother trees in winter favoured rooting of the cuttings, but less severe cutting back induced maximum roots per cutting.For short periods vermiculite was found to be a suitable medium. Sand alone or mixed with vermiculite or gravel gave poor results. Gravel alone or mixed with vermiculite was intermediate. For growing the rooted cuttings for a longer period, a mixture of perlite and peat was very suitable.A period of illumination of 3 h starting at midnight with incandescent light improved rooting of peach cuttings in August and October, but not in June.With cuttings obtained from old fruit-bearing peach trees highest rooting rates were obtained in July, but best root development occurred when rooting was carried out in October. In July rooting rate of basal cuttings was much higher than that of terminal ones. Success with leaf-bud cuttings (including a small branch piece) obtained from young mother trees of the almond × peach hybrid was only achieved at the end of May or in June.Dipping the base of peach cuttings in water before rooting was of advantage with one cultivar rooted in September, but of no advantage with another cultivar rooted in June.When the base of stem cuttings was dipped for a prolonged period in IBA solutions of various concentrations, highest rooting rates were obtained with 25–50 ppm IBA for peaches and with 200 ppm for the almond × peach hybrid. The addition of Phygon XL to this solution was of some advantage for peach cuttings. The concentration inducing maximum root development was higher than that required for maximum rooting and callusing. The optimal IBA concentration for rooting of almond × peach leaf-bud cuttings was 100 ppm.Penetration of the IBA into the leaf-bud cuttings reached a maximum 45 min a after floating them on a 100 ppm solution.Transplanting cuttings which had been rooted under mist was somewhat difficult; however, high rates of survival were obtained with cuttings planted in September which had developed a good root system.     

不同品种玫瑰扦插技术研究

以‘珲春’、‘牟平’、‘唐红’、‘紫枝’4个玫瑰品种的插穗为试材,研究激素、基质、扦插方式等因素对其扦插成活率的影响。结果表明:利用间歇喷雾设备进行玫瑰嫩枝扦插的生根率远远高于普通硬枝扦插,生根率最高的组合是50mg/L ABT1+处理1h+蛭石;混合基质扦插的成活率高于单一基质;4个品种中‘紫枝’生根率最高。     

Stockplant factors affecting root initiation in cuttings of Triplochiton scleroxylon K. Schum., an indigenous hardwood of west africa

The ability of auxin-treated T. scleroxylon cuttings to root was affected by the prior management of potted stockplants. In undecapitated single-stem stockplants more cuttings from upper rather than lower mainstem nodes rooted; a difference paralleled by leaf water potential immediately after severance, although there was also a positive relationship with internode length. The rooting percentage of mainstem cuttings from unpruned stockplants ranged from 15% to 43% whereas that of cuttings from the lateral shoots of pruned stockplants ranged from 40% to 83%. Considerably more cuttings rooted from stockplants which were severely pruned than from those where decapitation removed only the top node; there seemed to be an inverse relationship with the number of shoots per plant and the carbohydrate: nitrogen ratio. However, in tall pruned stock- plants, more cuttings from lower lateral (basal) than from upper (apical) shoots rooted, although the differences between cuttings from basal and apical lateral shoots were less when the stockplants’ mainstems were orientated at 45° or kept horizontal, instead of vertically. Adding NPK 16 weeks before harvesting cuttings from 10-node vertical stockplants increased the rooting ability of cuttings from basal shoots without affecting the rooting of those from apical shoots. More lateral shoot cuttings rooted when two, instead of one or four lateral shoots were allowed to develop per stockplant, this being associated with less cutting mortality than occurred in pruned stockplants. In stock- plants with two shoots, cuttings from basal lateral shoots rooted better than those from apical shoots, although without competition from basal shoots. The rooting of apical shoots was enhanced by application of a complete fertilizer. The presence of basal shoots reduced the rooting ability of apical shoots even with the fertilizer application. Many of the effects of lateral branch position on rooting may be related to light intensity, for greater rooting percentages occurred among cuttings from lower, more shaded, than from upper less shaded branches. This positional effect was eliminated when branches were uniformly illuminated.     

Contributions of the leaves and axillary shoots to rooting in Eucalyptus granáis Hill ex Maid,stem cuttings

In one-node stem cuttings of Eucalyptus granáis the absence of leaves was fatal. The optimum leaf area per leaf for rooting was 2-5 cm2, and in this range rooting was higher in one-leaf than in two-leaf cuttings. Axillary shoots started to develop soon after the cuttings were set and their growth was promoted by the presence of the subtending leaf. Thus, in one-leaf cuttings the shoot in the leafy axil grew, at the expense of the shoot in the defoliated axil, while in two-leaf cuttings the shoot in the upper (sub-opposite) axil tended to grow more quickly. Axillary shoots were also vigorous in cuttings from decapitated and disbudded mother plants. Rapid shoot growth was associated with low rates of abscission of the subtending leaf and relatively high rooting ability. Removing axillary shoots from cuttings accelerated leaf abscission and reduced rooting. The stem of the cutting often swelled and discoloured from the base, apparently due to the demand of the cutting for water. Additional leaf wounds had no effect on rooting (but increased mortality), while immersing cuttings in water before setting, or leaving them in a loose heap on the propagation bench, promoted rooting.     

The water status of leafy cuttings of four tropical tree species in mist and non-mist propagation systems

Variation in the water status of leafy cuttings of four tropical tree species was assessed in both mist and non-mist propagation systems, by measurement of stomatal conductance, relative water content (RWC) and water potential during the first three weeks after insertion in the propagators. Significant water deficits developed in all four species, with a minimum water potential of -3.1 MPa recorded for Triplochiton scleroxylon K. Schum. However, unrooted cuttings in both propagation systems were able to recover turgor, with peak RWCs over 90% recorded for all four species. Stomatal conductances were generally above 0.4 cm s-’, with a maximum of over 1.2 cm s“' recorded for Terminalia spinosa Engl. These results support the suggestion that leafy cuttings actively photo- synthesize during propagation. The two propagation systems had a contrasting effect on the water status of the cuttings, but this effect differed between the two experiments, and there was no overall effect of propagation system on rooting performance. Stomatal conductances and RWCs were negatively correlated with mean VPD in a number of cases, enabling critical values of VPD for the maintenance of leaf turgor to be estimated.     

Contributions of the stem to rooting in Eucalyptus grandis Hill ex Maid,stem cuttings

An additional wound at the base of one-node stem cuttings of Eucalyptus grandis increased rooting. Girdling intact shoots reduced rooting in cuttings harvested from them, while girdling cuttings at setting had little effect, suggesting that the internal phloem was active in basipetal transport in the stem. The vertical distribution of roots in additionally wounded cuttings also suggested a changed pattern of efflux from the internal phloem, as well as an increase in water uptake. In one-leaf cuttings more roots emerged from the leaf trace sector of the stem than from the trace of the absent leaf. In two-leaf cuttings the circumferential distribution of roots was uniform except in cuttings (a) reduced to a half-round cross-section at the base, in which rooting was more profuse at the lower of two sites of root emergence, and (b) from lateral coppice shoots whose stems were red-pigmented above with anthocyanins, in which there was less rooting than expected in the red sector. Stem volume was well related to rooting ability, largely explaining variation due to the original position of the cutting within the shoot and crown.     

菜用枸杞硬枝扦插育苗研究

采用菜用枸杞天精3 号一年生硬枝,在春季露地栽培条件下研究了插条长度、斜插和直插、
正插和倒插、生根剂处理与否对其成活率和育苗质量的影响。结果表明：插条长度及正插 与倒插对天精3
号扦插成活率和成苗质量有较大的影响,10 cm 插条的扦插成活率和成苗质量明显不及20 cm 和30 cm 插条,
而20 cm 和30 cm 插条间正插的扦插 成活率差异不显著,均达96% 以上,且成苗质量也相近;倒插使扦
插成活率降至80%,单株生枝条数与正插相比明显减少。斜插与直插处理之间、使用生根剂与不使用生根
剂处理之间扦插 成活率和成苗质量均差异不显著。在露地栽培条件下,天精3 号的适宜扦插方式为：将一
年生枝条剪成20 cm 茎段,与地面成45°夹角正插 ,尽量避免倒插,不需使用生根剂处理。     

Research Notes

By selecting suitable cuttings and rooting under mist in a heated bed, small plants were obtained which gave ripe fruit bunches two months earlier than was possible from vines in the field. Under Australian conditions cuttings taken towards the end of December gave the best results.     

下江忍冬扦插育苗试验

利用不同浓度的NAA对下江忍冬插穗进行处理,分别于春、夏和秋季进行了扦插试验。结果表明:生根剂处理能显著提高下江忍冬枝条扦插的生根率,3个不同季节的扦插以秋季硬枝扦插生根率最高,用1 500 mg/L的NAA将下江忍冬插穗基部浸30 s,其生根率高达82%,为清水对照的1.8倍。     

Seasonal rooting behaviour of cuttings of plum cultivars as influenced by IBA treatments

The response to IBA treatments in different planting seasons of four plum cultivars, as measured by rooting and field establishment, was investigated during 1986 and 1987. Among the four cultivars, ‘Santa Rosa’ gave the largest rooting percentage, number of primary and secondary roots per cutting, length and diameter of roots and field survival. The European cultivars ‘Greengage’ and ‘Early Transparent Gage’ showed poor rooting and field establishment. The cuttings planted during summer under mist gave better rooting and field establishment than dormant season- or autumn-planted cuttings. Similarly, IBA treatment of cuttings with 2000 mg l⁻¹ during summer and 3000 mg l⁻¹ during dormant and autumn seasons gave the largest rooting and survival percentages, high numbers of primary and secondary roots per cutting, and greater length and diameter of primary roots.