赣北彭泽2009年棉花病虫发生特点及趋势展望

棉花是江西省彭泽县的传统产业,常年种植面积在13khm^2以上。而制约棉花生产发展的主要因子除市场供求关系外,就是自然灾害因素,自然灾害因素中病虫为害对棉花影响较大,但病虫为害可以人为予以减轻或控制。为此有必要总结江西省彭泽县2009年病虫害发生的特点,     

2013―2022年山东棉花病虫害发生特点及防控对策

随着产业结构调整,山东棉花种植面积逐年减少,棉花病虫发生为害情况随之有了新的变化,对产业发展及病虫害科学防控提出了更高要求。因此,总结了2013―2022年山东省棉花病虫害发生与防控情况,分析了病虫害发生特点,并概括了棉花病虫绿色防控措施。     

2020年新疆兵团棉花前期主要病虫害发生情况及中后期防控技术

介绍了2020年新疆生产建设兵团棉花主要病虫害前期发生情况,提出棉花病虫害防治策略及中后期防控技术,为做好兵团棉花铃期防病虫保铃保蕾及棉花丰产丰收提供参考。     

2020年新疆兵团棉花前期主要病虫害发生情况及中后期防控技术

介绍了2020年新疆生产建设兵团棉花主要病虫害前期发生情况，提出棉花病虫害防治策略及中后期防控技术，为做好兵团棉花铃期防病虫保铃保蕾及棉花丰产丰收提供参考。     

2018年新疆棉花主要病虫害发生趋势预报

根据2017年秋季棉花病虫害越冬基数、品种布局、气候条件等因素综合分析,预测了新疆维吾尔自治区2018年棉花主要病虫害总体发生趋势,为做好全区棉花病虫害防治工作提供参考。     

2019年新疆棉花主要病虫害发生趋势预报

根据2018年秋季棉花病虫害越冬基数、品种布局、气候条件等因素综合分析,预测了新疆维吾尔自治区2019年棉花主要病虫害总体发生趋势,为做好全区棉花病虫害防治工作提供参考。     

棉花3因素4水平施肥效应试验

肥料效应田问试验是获得各种作物最佳施肥量、施肥比例、施肥时期、施肥方法的根本途径,也是筛选、验证土壤养分测试方法,建立施肥指标体系的基本环节.为了验证赣北棉区棉花测土配方施肥指标体系,合理指导棉花生产.于2007年4-11月,在江西省赣北棉区都昌县蔡岭镇华山村6组棉田进行了"3414"田间小区试验.现将试验结果总结如下.     

2018年新疆棉花主要病虫害前期发生概况及中后期发生趋势预报

介绍了2018年新疆棉花主要病虫害前期发生情况，结合气候条件等因素，预测了2018年棉花主要病虫害中后期总体发生趋势，为及时做好新疆棉花病虫害防控工作提供参考。     

2021年新疆棉花重大病虫害发生趋势

根据2020年新疆维吾尔自治区棉花主要病虫害发生情况,结合越冬基数、气候条件等因素,预测了2021年棉花重大病虫害发生趋势,为及时做好新疆棉花病虫害防控工作提供参考。     

近几年我国棉花主要病虫害发生及防控情况分析

为了更系统性了解我国棉花产区病虫害发生及防控情况,笔者汇总分析了2014～2018年《全国植保专业统计资料》,重点分析了我国棉区的棉花黄萎病、铃病、枯萎病、蚜虫、红蜘蛛、棉铃虫、盲蝽象等病虫害发生及防控情况。结果表明:我国棉花病虫危害是害虫较病害严重,2014～2018年虫害造成产量损失占比为71.01%～77.46%。主要虫害包括棉蚜、红蜘蛛、棉铃虫、盲蝽象、棉蓟马和烟粉虱,主要病害包括黄萎病、铃病、枯萎病和立枯病。棉花病害的损失挽回率比虫害低,尤其是铃病和黄萎病,5年平均损失挽回率只有57.15%和66.74%,而棉花主要虫害的损失挽回率均在77%以上。旨在为我国棉花病虫害防控提供科学依据,指导各级农业部门及时调整植保工作重点,减少病虫发生,促进农民增产增收的目的。     

兜兰离体快繁技术研究进展

由于生境破坏和人工过度采挖及繁殖的障碍,兜兰已是世界上最濒危的植物物种之一,所有野生种均被列入《濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约》附录I而被禁止交易。突破其种苗繁殖技术瓶颈有利于兜兰种质资源的保护和可持续利用。本文对兜兰属植物无菌播种、共生萌发和组织培养技术等离体快繁技术的进展进行综述,并提出了目前存在的问题和解决方法,以期为兜兰属植物离体繁殖技术的深入研究和优质种苗的规模化生产提供参考。     

High variation in frequency of infection by endophytes in cultivars of meadow fescue in Finland

Systemic and asymptomatic Neotyphodium fungal endophytes infect numerous species of the Poaceae. The frequencies of Neotyphodium endophyte infection in Finland were investigated among and within seven Nordic cultivars of meadow fescue, Schedonorus pratensis (Huds.) P. Beauv., which is a widely grown pasture and forage grass species in Scandinavia. The cultivars were Kasper, Salten, Antti, Fure, Ilmari, Inkeri and Kalevi. Frequencies of infection of cultivars varied from endophyte-free cultivar Fure to highly infected cultivar Inkeri [mean (standard deviation of mean) of 0·95 (0·023)]. Mean frequencies of infection of three cultivars remained lower than 0·10, and two of the cultivars, Kasper and Salten, were intermediately infected. In most of the cultivars, frequencies of infection varied only slightly among seed lots. In cultivar Kasper, however, the frequency of endophyte infection was highly variable (0–0·96) among the 45 seed lots examined. The relative importance of cultivar, seed lot and infection by Neotyphodium endophyte to the aphid Rhopalosiphum padi L. was studied experimentally, using both endophyte-free and endophyte-infected plants of four seed lots of the two intermediately infected cultivars. Endophyte infection increased plant resistance to R. padi , overriding the influences of seed lot and cultivar. It is proposed that variation caused by endophyte infections in cultivars of meadow fescue should be taken into account in assessing plant breeding programmes in Europe.     

Investigation of Polymorphisms in Coding Region of OsHKT1 in Relation to Salinity in Rice

Rice(Oryza sativa) is sensitive to salinity, but the salt tolerance level differs among cultivars, which might result from natural variations in the genes that are responsible for salt tolerance. High-affinity potassium transporter(HKTs) has been proven to be involved in salt tolerance in plants. Therefore, we screened for natural nucleotide polymorphism in the coding sequence of Os HKT1, which encodes the HKT protein in eight Vietnamese rice cultivars differing in salt tolerance level. In total, seven nucleotide substitutions in coding sequence of Os HKT1 were found, including two non-synonymous and five synonymous substitutions. Further analysis revealed that these two non-synonymous nucleotide substitutions(G50T and T1209A) caused changes in amino acids(Gly17Val and Asp403Glu) at signal peptide and the loop of the sixth transmembrane domain, respectively. To assess the potential effect of these substitutions on the protein function, the 3D structure of HKT protein variants was modelled by using PHYRE2 webserver. The results showed that no difference was observed when compared those predicted 3D structure of HKT protein variants with each other. In addition, the codon bias of synonymous substitutions cannot clearly show correlation with salt tolerance level. It might be interesting to further investigate the functional roles of detected non-synonymous substitutions as it might correlate to salt tolerance in rice.     

Role of invertase in the accumulation of sugars in cold-stored potatoes

Freshly harvested potatoes contain low levels of total invertase and high levels of invertase inhibitor. Total invertase increases sharply when potatoes are placed in cold storage, but the inhibitor is not depleted in all varieties. The absence of basal invertase activity in Norchip tubers indicates that an excess of invertase is not required for reducing sugar formation. Analyses of 37 varieties and seedlings after 3 months cold storage revealed that the reducing sugar content is not proportional to the invertase activity. High sugar contents are associated with low inhibitor levels, but low sugars are not necessarily associated with high inhibitor levels. The results indicate that invertase participates in reducing sugar formation, but other factors are responsible for the regulation of starch-sugar conversion in potatoes during cold storage.     

马铃薯试管苗组织培养及微型薯诱导技术的研究

通过加入不同浓度的BA、NAA和KT,以探讨外源激素对马铃薯试管苗生理性状的影响,发现低浓度的外源激素较适合用来进行试管苗的增殖。本试验利用香豆素进行微型薯的诱导,结果表明低浓度的香豆素对提高薯重和大薯率有利,而高浓度有利于提高微型薯的结薯数量。     

Quantitative assessment of metals in local brands of tea in Pakistan

In present study, Mn, Fe, Zn, Cu, Co, Pb, Cr, Ni and Cd were analyzed by FAAS in green and black tea samples of locally available in the Pakistani market. Na and K were also determined by Flame Photometer. Tea leaves can be the source of mineral components and trace elements, as well as some undesirable substances due to exposure to the environment. Among the metals tested, K was the most abundant one followed by Na, Mn and Fe. Fortunately, toxic heavy metals, Pb and Cd, had the lowest contents in tea samples and also in tea aqueous extracts. Concentration of heavy metals in tea aqueous extract was markedly lower than their total contents except that of K. The solubility of studied metals in tea aqueous extract varied widely and ranged from 0.0-95%. The lowest ranges of solubility were listed for toxic heavy metals Pb and Cd. The possible uptake of metals by the human body from tea aqueous extract has also been determined. The amounts of metals that one may take up through consumption of tea aqueous extract were found to match the acceptable daily intake even taking into account exposure from air, food and drinking water.     

玉米耐盐性研究进展

综述了玉米耐盐生理机制和耐盐育种的研究进展。     

用蛭石做马铃薯快繁培养基支持体的初步研究

1　前　言目前 ,马铃薯脱毒快繁技术已广泛应用于科研与生产中 ,快繁过程中脱毒苗培养基支持体通常采用琼脂或直接采用液体培养。然而这两种培养基存在着诸多问题 ,例如琼脂培养基中的琼脂价格昂贵、成本高 ,而且胶体不利于营养物质的扩散、透气性差 ,导致瓶苗生长不良。因此 ,该实验在本着降低成本的同时 ,又能保证瓶苗正常生长的前提下 ,以蛭石代替琼脂 ,分析其在实际生产中的应用价值。2　材料与方法2 1　材料供试品种为郑薯 6号脱毒苗 ,试验于 2 0 0 2年在郑州市蔬菜研究所马铃薯脱毒实验室内进行。2 2　方法本试验设两个处理 :处理 1…     

Matlab在玉米子粒灌浆特性分析中的应用

利用Matlab软件对玉米子粒灌浆过程用Richards方程进行拟合后,通过编程实现灌浆次级特征参数计算,并对不同播期子粒灌浆特征进行分析和探讨。结果表明,在黑龙港地区生态条件下,不同播期玉米各部位子粒灌浆均符合"S"形生长曲线,可用Richards方程很好地拟合。不同播期条件下,早播处理子粒起始势最高,达到灌浆盛期时间最早,平均灌浆速率及最大灌浆速率最大,活跃灌浆期较长,粒重最高。各播期玉米不同部位子粒,穗下部与上部相比,子粒的起始生长势较大,平均灌浆速率较高,达到灌浆高峰期时间较短,粒重较高。