生猪发酵床养殖技术

发酵床养殖是将生态养殖模式和现代的生物技术充分融合形成一种新的生态环保养殖模式。在试验推广养殖技术之后,表明经济状况良好的地方发酵床养殖比较适宜,因此将此项技术投入到经济发展水平较好的地方进行推广,为生猪发酵床的养殖提供良好的示范和经验。     

生态发酵床在生猪养殖中的应用

为了推进畜禽粪污资源化利用工作,湖北省鄂州市积极推广应用生态发酵床养猪模式,在解决养殖污染问题、改善养殖环境、提高养殖效益等方面取得较好成效。对生态发酵床在生猪养殖中的应用、操作方法、注意事项及取得的成效等方面进行了介绍,为生猪养殖场提供参考。     

发酵床技术在生猪养殖中的应用研究

微生物工程发酵床养猪技术是一种无污染、无排放、无臭气的新型环保型养猪模式.在民间有多种叫法:如发酵床养猪法、生态养猪法、自然养猪法、懒汉养猪法等.因其具有环保、节能、省水、省工等优点,近年来在我国部分省市迅速推广.着重对微生物发酵床养猪模式的基本概念、发酵床养猪的基本原理、发酵剂的选择、发酵床的制作方法以及发酵床养猪模式的效益分析等进行讨论.     

生猪发酵床养殖适宜性评价

以湖南省14个州市为例采用主成分分析法评价了生猪发酵床养殖区域的适宜性.结果表明,影响生猪发酵床养殖的第一主成分为地方财政收入和人均地方财政收入,生猪发酵床养殖适宜在地方财政状况较好的地区率先推进,为湖南省规划和推广生猪发酵养殖提供依据.     

生猪发酵床养殖效果研究

发酵床养殖与常规养殖比较试验,结果显示:发酵床养殖发病率(腹泻、咳嗽、消化不良症)分别下降24.5%(P﹤0.05),减少一半以上的用工量,节约5.4倍的用水量(P﹤0.05),猪日增重提高13.2%(P﹤0.05),料肉比下降4.17%(P﹤0.05).浅层垫料发酵床养殖和深层垫料发酵床养殖分别较常规养殖节支15.6万元和10.1万元,经济效益显著     

生猪发酵床的管理措施

发酵床生态养猪以其零排放、无污染、效益高、操作简便、产品质量优等特点获得广大养殖户的青睐和政府部门的大力推广,但也有不少生态养猪场因发酵床的管理不善,导致养殖失败和损失。本文就如何管理好发酵床,保证正常生产和延长发酵床使用寿命提出了几点措施和建议,以期改善生猪发酵床的管理和使用状况。     

生猪发酵床养殖的利与弊

近年来,生猪发酵床养殖技术已在我国各地广泛兴起,诸多媒体竞相报道,尤其是发酵床菌种生产厂家大肆渲染。农业部、省级畜牧主管部门既不否定,也不肯定,持观望态度。一些专家学者持怀疑态度,认为发酵床养殖易发疾病,其垫料会污染环境,造成土壤板结等。笔者根据多家多地发酵床养殖经验,结合自身多年发酵床养殖实践,现将发酵床养殖的利与弊总结归纳于后,供广大读者参考。     

异位发酵床技术处理生猪养殖粪污成效分析

概述分析福建省推广异位发酵技术处理生猪养殖粪污的成效及目前仍存在的一些问题,并提出相关建议措施。     

湖南省不同区域生猪发酵床养殖的适宜性评价

本研究构建了生猪发酵床养殖的区域适宜性评价指标体系,以湖南省为例采用主成分分析法进行了综合分析。结果表明,影响生猪发酵床养殖的第一主成分为地方财政收入和人均地方财政收入,生猪发酵床养殖适宜在地方财政状况较好的地区率先推进。     

皖南山区秸秆发酵床生猪养殖技术对乡村振兴作用的探讨

我国是个农业大国,畜牧业是其重要组成部分。农牧业现代化发展以及现代化生产技术的进一步推广应用,大大提升了生产效率和质量,同时也带来了大量的秸秆等副产品和畜禽排泄物。在农牧业发展过程中,通过积极推广应用秸秆发酵床养殖技术,能够更好地提高生猪粪便和秸秆资源的利用效率,减少污染物的排放,更好地助推乡村振兴战略的实施。本文主要结合实际工作经验探讨皖南山区秸秆发酵床生猪养殖技术在乡村振兴中的作用,然后进一步探讨了山区秸秆发酵床技术在生猪养殖中的具体应用,进一步分析了发酵床生猪养殖技术在推动乡村振兴的工作对策,以期为行业发展提供帮助。     

猪流感在我国的流行现状

猪流感是由正黏病毒科猪流感病毒引起的不同日龄、性别和品种猪的一种急性、热性和高度接触性、群发性呼吸道疾病,其临床上以发病急促,高热咳嗽,鼻中流出分泌物,呼吸困难,衰竭,怀孕母猪繁殖障碍、流产、死亡等病症为特征。目前,猪流感在我国各地广泛存在和发生,给养殖业带来了巨大的经济损失,并且严重危害人类的健康。本文就猪流感近几年在我国的流行现状进行简要概述,以期引起科研工作者和养殖者对猪流感的高度重视,继而建立有效的防制机制,减少由该病带来的危害。     

Quantification of the transmission of classical swine fever virus between herds during the 1997-1998 epidemic in The Netherlands

In this study, we describe a method to quantify the transmission of Classical Swine Fever Virus (CSFV) between herds from data collected during the 1997–1998 epidemic in the Netherlands. From the contacts between infected herds and the serological findings shortly before depopulation, we estimated the week of virus introduction and the length of the period over which the herd emitted virus for each CSFV-infected herd. From these data, we estimated the infection-rate parameter β (the average number of herds infected by one infectious herd during one week) and the herd reproduction ratio, R_h (the average total number of secondary outbreaks caused by one infectious herd, i.e. in its entire infectious period), using a SIR-model for different sets of CSF control measures. When R_h > 1, an epidemic continues to grow. On the other hand, when R_h < 1 an epidemic will fade out.

During the phase before the first outbreak was diagnosed and no specific measures had been implemented, β was estimated at 1.09 and R_h at 6.8. In the subsequent phase infected herds were depopulated, movement restrictions were implemented, infected herds were traced forward and backward and the herds in the protection and surveillance zones were clinically inspected by the veterinary authorities (regional screening). This set of measures significantly reduced β to 0.38. However, R_h was 1.3 and thus still >1. Consequently, the number of outbreaks continued to grow. After a number of additional measures were implemented, the value of R_h was reduced to 0.5 and the epidemic came to an end. These measures included pre-emptive slaughter of herds that had been in contact with infected herds or were located near an infected herd, increased hygienic procedures, replacement of transports of pigs for welfare reasons by killing of young piglets and a breeding ban, and regional screening for CSF-infected herds by local veterinary practitioners.     

某猪场新生仔猪流行性腹泻的发生与防治

猪流行性腹泻病毒(PEDV)可以感染各个年龄段的猪只,但更易感染刚出生的仔猪.仔猪流行性腹泻是猪场一种较为普遍的疾病,具有较大的危害性.文章通过调查连云港某猪场新生仔猪(2019年4—5月期间56头母猪产下的全部641头活仔猪)发生腹泻及其死亡情况,结果发现哺乳期共死亡仔猪94头(其中疾病死亡共42头,约占45％),其...     

新疆石河子地区规模化猪场的流行病发生特点

随着我国近年来养猪行业的迅速发展,猪场的流行病学发生了新的特点。病原体的混合感染、猪群的呼吸道和繁殖障碍性疾病、免疫抑制性疾病呈现出不断上升的趋势。同时,猪群的应激性反应、中毒性疾病也呈现出新的特点。本文通过对石河子周边规模化猪场流行病特点的进行介绍,希望为当地养殖业的高效健康发展出谋划策。     

Clinical herd health, farm management and antimicrobial resistance in Campylobacter coli on finishing pig farms in Switzerland

The world-wide increase of antimicrobial resistance in micro-organisms complicates medical treatment of infected humans. We did a risk-factor analysis for the prevalence of antimicrobial resistant Campylobacter coli on 64 Swiss pig finishing farms. Between May and November 2001, 20 faecal samples per farm were collected from the floor of pens holding finishing pigs shortly before slaughter. Samples were pooled and cultured for Campylobacter species. Isolated Campylobacter strains were tested for resistance against selected antimicrobials. Additionally, information on herd health and management aspects was available from another study. Because data quality on the history of antimicrobial use on the farms was poor, only non-antimicrobial risk factors could be analysed. Statistical analyses were performed for resistance against ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, streptomycin, tetracycline, and for multiple resistance, which was defined as resistance to three or more antimicrobials. Risk factors for these outcomes – corrected for dependency of samples at herd level – were analysed in five generalised estimation-equation models. Prevalence of antimicrobial resistance among Campylobacter isolates was ciprofloxacin 26.1%, erythromycin 19.2%, streptomycin 78.0%, tetracycline 9.4%, and multiple resistance 6.5%. Important risk factors contributing to the prevalence of resistant strains were shortened tails, lameness, skin lesions, feed without whey, and ad libitum feeding. Multiple resistance was more likely in farms which only partially used an all-in-all-out system (OR = 37), or a continuous-flow system (OR = 3) compared to a strict all-in-all-out animal-flow. Presence of lameness (OR = 25), ill-thrift (OR = 15), and scratches at the shoulder (OR = 5) in the herd also increased the odds for multiple resistance. This study showed that on finishing farms which maintained a good herd health status and optimal farm management, the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance was also more favourable.     

非洲猪瘟背景下猪育种策略探讨

非洲猪瘟给我国养猪业造成巨大损失,也沉重地打击了我国的猪育种工作,虽然目前非洲猪瘟已大大缓解,各核心育种场也逐渐恢复了育种工作,但非洲猪瘟并未消除,未来的育种工作将面临非洲猪瘟常态的挑战。在这样的背景下,我国的猪育种工作应做出针对性的改变,主要体现在：（1）建立严格的永久性的生物安全体系;（2）调整育种目标;（3）自动化、智能化、物联网技术的应用;（4）加快基因组选择技术应用;（5）建设高质量、高度生物安全的种公猪站;（6）利用冷冻精液技术。     

Quantitative assessment of the likelihood of the introduction of classical swine fever virus into the Danish swine population

Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) is a major infectious-disease agent of livestock and causes production losses through increased morbidity and mortality, particularly of young pigs. We identified the pathways for introduction of CSFV into Denmark and assessed the annual probability of introduction (based on a US Department of Agriculture model). We developed pathways based on material from scientific articles, reports from veterinary agencies and custom officers, and consultations with experts in the field. Returning livestock trucks and legal meat imports were the most important pathways for CSFV introduction to Denmark from other EU states with predicted overall likelihood of one or more introductions of CSFV within a median of 130 years (46-280) provided mitigating steps, such as cleaning trucks, were maintained to a very high standard. The likelihood would increase dramatically if these activities were abandoned: one or more introductions within a median of 5.2 years (2-14). The predicted risks from live-animal imports and semen were extremely low given the very few imports of these products. The most important countries for Denmark's CSFV risk are Germany and the Netherlands, though this risk is again predicted to be dramatically reduced as long as mitigating activities are maintained. We predicted the risk from illegal movements of pork into Denmark to be low because little pork enters through this route and only a small fraction of this pork would be fed to pigs.     

俄罗斯杂花苜蓿引种栽培试验初报

俄罗斯杂花苜蓿2001年从俄罗斯赤塔州引进后,在海拉尔东山呼伦贝尔学院试验地,经过6年的引种栽培试验（2001—2006年）。结果表明,该品种分枝能力强,根系发达,主根入土深,播种当年主根为60cm,侧根3—5条,第2年主根深达110cm,分枝能力和根系长度均与植株密度有密切关系,密度大分枝较小,侧根少,主根入土深;耐寒性较强,越冬率高,越冬率达98.4%;抗旱性较强,土壤含水量大于5％时,植株能正常生长,含水量2％～5％时,植株生长缓慢,植株下部出现枯黄现象,含水量低于2％,植株枯萎,根系不死;正常年份年干草产量可达3600～5600kg／hm^2,适合呼伦贝尔地区推广种植。     

辽宁省当前毛皮动物疫病流行状况及对策

辽宁省是我国毛皮动物的主要产区,毛皮动物疫病流行能否有效控制是关系到经济动物饲养行业能否健康发展的关键因素。本文对辽宁省毛皮动物的种类、分布、疫病流行情况及相应的对策进行了简要的分析,对控制毛皮动物疫病的发生和流行有重要的指导意义。