中药硼砂对家兔血常规参数的影响

硼砂又名四硼酸钠（Sodiumtetraborate，decahydrate；Borax；Sodium borate，）、硼酸钠，别名月石砂、西月石、月石、蓬砂，为矿石硼砂炼制而成的结晶，广泛分布于青海、西藏、新疆、甘肃、陕西、四川等地。硼砂作为传统中药已有2000多年的历史。现代研究表明，硼砂具有抗肿瘤、抗菌、抗病毒、消毒防腐、治疗氟骨症等多种药理作用。硼砂属于外用药，内服有毒。毒性与硼和硼酸相似，均属低毒蓄积性。硼砂对动物脏器重量、生殖毒性和物质代谢的影响报道屡见不鲜，     

兽医药理知识系列讲座（五） 消毒防腐药的基本知识

消毒防腐药是具有杀灭病原微生物或抑制其生长繁殖的一类药物.与抗生素和其他抗菌药物不同,这类药物没有明显的抗菌谱.消毒药是指能杀灭病原微生物的药物,主要用于环境、厩舍、动物排泄物、用具和器械等非生物表面的消毒.     

兽医药理知识系列讲座（五） 消毒防腐药的基本知识

消毒防腐药是具有杀灭病原微生物或抑制其生长繁殖的一类药物。与抗生素和其他抗菌药物不同，这类药物没有明显的抗菌谱。消毒药是指能杀灭病原微生物的药物，主要用于环境、厩舍、动物排泄物、用具和器械等非生物表面的消毒。防腐药是指能抑制病原微生物生长繁殖的药物，主要用于抑制局部皮肤、黏膜和创伤等生物体表的微生物感染，也用于食品及生物制品等的防腐，而高浓度的防腐药也能杀菌。     

硼砂对果蝇生殖力和寿命的影响

正硼砂是一种无色透明的结晶体,其化学成分为四硼酸钠(Na_2B_4O_7·10H2O),具有良好的消毒防腐作用~([1])。曾作为食品的防腐剂及膨松剂添加到油条、米粉、面条、沙琪玛等食品中,可增加食品的韧度、脆度、保水性及保存期,且口感光滑,不易变质。因此,硼砂一直受到食品加工者的青睐。然而已有的毒理学试验结果表明,硼砂长期摄取后会在体内蓄积,其中毒的症状主要表现在心血管、神经、胃肠、生殖泌     

消毒防腐药物的临床应用

在畜牧业日益向集约化和规范化发展的今天,各种传染性疾病的防治更显其重要性.由于越是密集饲养,动物互相接触的机会越频繁,病原微生物传播的速度也越快,一旦暴发传染病后,再采取措施,则为时已晚.在畜牧生产现场实行定期环境消毒,使动物周围环境中的病原微生物数量减少至最低程度,以预防其侵入动物机体,从而可有效地控制各种传染病的发生和扩散.此外,目前消毒防腐药的使用日益广泛,已从单纯的环境消毒,发展到动物体表、空气、饮水和饲料等的消毒.     

鸡场消毒指导

一消毒防腐药消毒药指用于周围环境,在短时间内能迅速杀死病原微生物的药物;防腐药可以用在生活组织表面,抑制细菌生长与繁殖的药物。两者之间很难区分,消毒药在低浓度时可做防腐用,防腐药在高浓度时也可有杀菌作用。理想的消毒防腐药应是:在低浓度时就能杀死微生物,对组织或物品无损害;价格低廉,性质稳定,无臭味,不会污染物品,即使外界蛋白质、渗出液存在,也能产生迅速有效的抗菌作用,但是现有的药物还没有一个具有这样的性质。目前,市场上常用的消毒药有:1、季胺盐类:百毒杀、菌毒素、1210、畜禽乐、猎神等;2、含氯、碘类消毒剂:强力碘、…     

浅谈消毒药及其合理利用

消毒药是指能杀灭病原微生物的药物,主用于环境、厩舍,动物排泄物、用具和器械等非生物表面的消毒.当发生传染病时,对环境进行随时消毒和终未消毒;无疫病时对环境进行预防性消毒,都可选用消毒药.因此,消毒药在防治动物疫病和保障畜牧业生产上具有重要的现实意义;在公共卫生上,也具有重要价值.随着大规模畜禽养殖业的发展不断出现一些高效、广谱、低毒、刺激性和腐蚀性较小的新型消毒药,近年来消毒药的正确使用已成为世界各国普遍关注的问题.     

畜禽消毒防腐药及其使用方法

1消毒防腐药的重要性 在畜牧业日益向集约化和规范化发展的今天，各种传染性疾病的防治更显示其重要性。在畜牧生产现场实行定期环境消毒，使动物周围环境中的病原微生物数量减少至最低程度，以预防其侵入动物机体，从而可有效地控制各种传染病的发生和扩散。此外，目前消毒防腐药的使用日益广泛，已从单纯的环境消毒，     

鸡舍常用的几种消毒方法

鸡舍消毒是指利用物理、化学和生物学的方法清除并杀灭外界环境中所有病原体的措施.是为了控制和扑灭动物各种传染病.消灭传染源,由动物卫生监督管理机构依法对特定的产品和运载工具所采用的一种特殊且简便易行的消毒.鸡舍常用的消毒方法有物理消毒法、化学消毒法、生物消毒法等.     

常见消毒药剂主要特点使用原则及注意事项(二)

2氧化剂 2．1高锰酸钾属消毒防腐药，本品为强氧化剂．遇有机物或加热、加酸、加碱均可释放出新生态氧．从而起杀菌、除臭、氧化作用。本品常用于皮肤创伤消毒、肠道炎症消毒，及起止血、收敛作用；在酸性环境中高锰酸钾杀菌作用可增强．2％～5％的浓度能在24h内杀死芽孢菌，1％的该溶液加1．1％的盐酸则能在30s内杀死炭疽芽孢。此外高锰酸钾还能使吗啡、士的宁等生物碱，茶酚、水合氯醛、氯丙嗪等化学药物及磷和氰化物等氧化而失毒性，因此高锰酸钾也常用于有机毒物中毒的解毒（腔道冲洗和洗胃用0．05％～0．1％的水溶液，创面冲洗0.1％～0．2％的水溶液）。高浓度的高锰酸钾有腐蚀作用，所以，一般不用于对金属器械和棉织品等的消毒。     

中药治疗兔子大面积皮肤缺损的疗效

探究中药对兔子大面积皮肤缺损的治疗效果。本研究对1例流浪兔子腰荐部皮肤大面积缺损,在不借助抗生素控制感染的情况下,仅通过中药白芨膏外敷治疗,简便包扎,通过6~7周的精细护理,完全痊愈。结果显示,此方法操作简便,疗效确实,中药对该病治疗具有一定的优势,这为临床应用中药治疗此类疾病提供了科学依据。     

犬瘙痒性皮肤病研究进展

瘙痒是犬皮肤病的典型临床症状之一，通常除瘙痒外还常伴脱毛、红斑等皮肤症状。瘙痒问题不仅困扰动物本身，也影响到饲养者的生活质量。瘙痒的发生机制复杂，目前国内外已有大量对人和犬瘙痒性皮肤病的临床和基础研究，揭示了瘙痒和神经免疫系统之间的关系，引入了"瘙痒-抓挠"循环的概念，且表明了免疫系统、皮肤屏障和神经系统的单独促进作用和交互作用是瘙痒产生的关键因素，任一环节的问题都可开启"瘙痒-抓挠"的恶性循环。临床上引起犬瘙痒的病因复杂，参照2007年由国际瘙痒研究论坛成员提出的瘙痒分类，将引起犬瘙痒的疾病根据病因类比对应分为了六大类，引起皮肤病性瘙痒的疾病分为了感染性、过敏性、肿瘤性等，其中在临床上最主要的是犬过敏性瘙痒。犬瘙痒性皮肤病的诊断方法及鉴别诊断多样，需从多方面对患病犬进行信息收集，按一定顺序进行排查和鉴别诊断。犬瘙痒性皮肤病的治疗周期长且疾病易反复，目前常用的西医药物存在副作用大、靶点单一、价格昂贵等不足，中药方剂成分复杂，有效成分多，可从多通路多途径治疗机制复杂的瘙痒，在犬瘙痒性皮肤病的治疗上具有优势和广阔前景。文章对瘙痒发生的机制、犬瘙痒性疾病的分类、诊断及中西医治疗思路等最新研究进展进行综述，以期为小动物临床瘙痒相关疾病的诊治提供参考依据。     

中药犬螨灵对犬蠕形螨的疗效试验

为筛选具有显著治疗犬蠕形螨的中药制剂,试验将中药小茴香、蛇床子、羊蹄根采用水煮醇沉及蒸馏等提取方法制备成中药制剂犬螨灵,并观察其对犬蠕形螨的疗效。将犬螨灵设为高、中、低3个浓度,其生药含量分别为2.0、1.0和0.5 g/mL,采用点滴法进行体外抑杀蠕形螨试验,在此基础上对12只接种蠕形螨的试验犬进行治疗试验,为验证治疗效果,对临床上已确诊的45只患有蠕形螨的病犬分3组进行临床治疗试验。结果显示,中药犬螨灵3种剂量均有较强的体外抑杀螨虫作用,高剂量组作用后4 h即可完全抑杀蠕形螨,1%伊维菌素对照组则为作用后8 h;高剂量组在治疗3周后,患处有大量新毛生长,红疹结节和皮屑消失,患处皮肤已痊愈,1%伊维菌素治疗组患犬皮肤好转,仅有少量新毛生长,不能达到痊愈标准;高、中剂量组皮肤刮取物螨虫数量平均比例及停药1个月后复发率均为0,1%伊维菌素治疗组皮肤刮取物螨虫数量平均比例及停药1月后的复发率分别为10.63%和9.17%。高剂量中药犬螨灵与1%伊维菌素两种药物联合治疗组,对临床上患病犬进行3周治疗,其虫卵平均转阴率、治愈率与平均治愈天数分别为100.00%、93.33%和19.56 d,其效果均优于中药犬螨灵与1%伊维菌素单独治疗组。结果表明,高剂量自制中药制剂犬螨灵对犬蠕形螨体外抑杀作用、接种蠕形螨试验犬与临床自然感染病例均有显著的治疗效果,优于1%伊维菌素对照组,犬螨灵作为中药杀螨虫制剂具有较好的市场开发前景。     

Efficacy of Chinese Herbal Medicine Canine Acariasis Spirit on Demodex canis

In order to screen the Chinese herbal medicine for the treatment of Demodex canis, canine acariasis spirit was prepared by Foeniculum vulgare, Fructus cnidii and Bauhinia by water alcohol precipitation and distillation extraction methods. To observe the effect on Demodex canis, canine acariasis spirit was set to high, medium and low concentrations, the content of crude drug were 2.0, 1.0 and 0.5 g/mL, respectively. The experiment of killing Demodex canis was carried out by drop method. On this basis, 12 dogs inoculated with Demodex canis were treated. In order to verify the therapeutic effect, 45 clinically diagnosed dogs with Demodex canis were divided into three groups. The results showed that 3 doses of the traditional Chinese medicine canine acariasis spirit all had strong inhibition effect to kill mites, the high dose group could completely kill Demodex canis only 4 h after treatment, the action of 1% ivermectin control group was 8 h after treatment; 3 weeks later, a large number of new hair grew, rash and skin nodules disappeared, the skin lesion had healed in the affected area of high dose group, in 1% ivermectin treatment group, the dog skin improved, only a small amount of new hair grew, it couldn't cure standard; In the high and middle dose group, the average number of the ratio of skin scraping mites and the recurrence rate after drug withdrawal was 0 in one month later; The average number of mites proportion and recurrence rates of skin scrapings in 1% ivermectin treatment group were 10.63% and 9.17% in one month later; After 3 weeks of treatment, the total average eggs negative rate, cure rate and average cure days were 100.00%, 93.33% and 19.56 d in high dose traditional Chinese medicine canine acariasis spirit and 1% ivermectin combined treatment group, the results were better than the traditional Chinese medicine canine acariasis spirit and 1% ivermectin alone treatment group. The results showed that the effect of the high dose group self-made Chinese medicine canine acariasis spirit on killing Demodex canis in vitro, inoculation of Demodex canis and clinical therapeutic effect of natural infection cases were significantly better than 1% ivermectin control group, canine acariasis spirit as a traditional Chinese medicine preparation would have a good market development prospects.     

四种药物对虹鳟鱼苗的毒性研究

虹鳟鱼是一种具有极高营养价值和食用价值的冷水性鱼类 ,随着养殖的发展 ,虹鳟鱼的病害也日益严重 ,生产上因使用药物种类和剂量不当而造成虹鳟鱼死亡的现象时有发生。由于缺乏虹鳟鱼对某些药物的敏感性资料 ,文章对虹鳟鱼苗进行了 4种常用药物的急性毒性试验。结果表明 ,虹鳟鱼苗对四种药物的敏感性依次为孔雀石绿 (现已禁用 ) >高锰酸钾 >硫酸铜与硫酸亚铁合剂 >溴氯海因 ,4种药物对虹鳟鱼苗的安全浓度分别为 0 .0 2 5mg/L,0 .2 1 7mg/L,0 .574mg/L,0 .82 7mg/L。溴氯海因对虹鳟的安全浓度远高于常用治疗浓度 ( 0 .3 mg/L ) ,是虹鳟较理想的治疗药物 ;硫酸铜与硫酸亚铁合剂对虹鳟的安全浓度为略低于常用治疗浓度 ( 0 .7mg/L) ,是治疗浓度的 82 % ,故使用时要准确掌握用量 ;高锰酸钾和孔雀石绿对虹鳟的安全浓度远低于常用治疗浓度 (分别为 2 mg/L和 0 .1 mg/L ) ,所以不宜作为虹鳟鱼病的防治药物     

壳聚糖的应用

壳聚糖属于自然界中丰富的多糖类,也是迄今为止惟一被大量利用的多糖类。它主要来源于甲壳动物的外骨骼、菌类和昆虫的细胞壁。根据壳聚糖具有良好的抗菌活性、成膜性等性质,它可作为食品中较好的抗菌剂、果蔬保鲜剂、食品添加剂和澄清剂等;根据壳聚糖及其衍生物的螯合性质,它能解决工业污水处理中金属离子严重破坏生态平衡的问题;根据壳聚糖的生物相容性和可降解性,它还能在医学上作为外科手术缝合线使用。介绍了壳聚糖在食品领域、印染废水处理及在医药领域的应用。     

Immuno-magnetic separation and agar layer methods for the isolation of freeze-injured Yersinia enterocolitica O:8 from water

To develop an effective method to isolate an injured pathogenic Yersinia enterocolitica O:8 organism from environmental samples, we compared the isolation of freeze-injured and non-injured Y. enterocolitica O:8 and found that the isolation was more successful when immuno-magnetic separation (IMS) with anti-Y. enterocolitica O:8 antibody was used. Plating onto cefsulodin-irgasan-novobiocin (CIN) agar and Virulent Yersinia enterocolitica (VYE) agar by means of the agar layer method was found to be effective in isolating the injured cells. The alkali treatment which is generally used for selective detection of Yersinia organism failed to isolate freeze-injured pathogenic Y. enterocolitica O:8 cells. Recovery methods without using the alkali treatment were superior for detecting freeze-injured Y. enterocolitica O:8. Our results demonstrate that the IMS and the agar layer methods should be used to isolate injured pathogenic Yersinia organisms from environmental samples such as water.     

中西医结合治疗牛百叶干研究

为研究中西医结合治疗牛百叶干的方法及效果。以一例患有瓣胃阻塞的病牛为例,经过中医单独治疗无效后,联合进行西医手术治疗和跟踪回访,评估中西医结合治疗效果,以期为该病的治疗与预防提供参考。研究结果表明,牛百叶干病是常见的一种消化道感染疾病之一,该病种疾病早期临床症状一般不甚明显,因此易被许多牛养殖户所忽略,等到发现病牛临床症状明显后,因其疾病带来了很多损失。该病主要发病原因之一,是由于牛在使役后的时间供给过度、牛的运动时间不足,或长期饲喂一些大量含粗纤维多的干硬、酸性、变质的动物饲料,加之牛每天饮水量的不足,致使牛体内火盛,病牛体内一般不仅严重缺水,而且在原本滞留于牛胃小叶里的饲料难以正常运转下行。中西医相结合对牛百叶干进行治疗,发病及时进行抢救,可具有良好的预防治疗康复效果,避免养殖户因此遭到重大经济损失。     

Transepidermal water loss in healthy and atopic dogs, treated and untreated: a comparative preliminary study

An impaired skin barrier function is thought to be crucial for allergic sensitization. In humans, the skin barrier is assessed by noninvasive methods, such as the measurement of transepidermal water loss (TEWL). Although limitations have been reported, measurement of TEWL has been demonstrated to be a suitable method to assess barrier function indirectly in dogs. The purposes of this prospective clinical study were twofold. The first aim was to evaluate and compare TEWL in healthy and atopic dogs. The second aim was to evaluate TEWL in a population of atopic dogs and to assess TEWL in dogs whose disease was in remission after successful therapy and compare it with dogs whose disease was not controlled or receiving treatment. One hundred and fifty dogs were selected and divided into the following three groups: 50 atopic dogs before specific treatment (group A); 50 in remission (group B); and 50 control dogs (group C). The mean values for TEWL for each group were 22.47 (g/m(2) h) (group A; 95% confidence interval 20.85-24.09), 12.57 (g/m(2) h) (group B; 95% confidence interval 11.43-13.7) and 8.81 (g/m(2) h) (group C; 95% confidence interval 8.09-9.52); P-value was 0.0001 for TEWL (groups A, B and C). This study showed a significant difference of TEWL between healthy control dogs and dogs with atopic dermatitis. Additionally, TEWL was lower in atopic dogs whose disease was in remission due to treatment. These results were consistent with reports in human medicine about TEWL.     

Derivation of feline vaccine-associated fibrosarcoma cell line and its growth on chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane – a new in vivo model for veterinary oncological studies

Feline vaccine associated fibrosarcomas are the second most common skin tumor in cats. Methods of treatment are: surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Nevertheless, the usage of cytostatics in feline vaccine associated sarcoma therapy is limited due to their adverse side effects, high toxicity and low biodistribution after i.v. injection. Therefore, much research on new therapeutic drugs is being conducted. In human medicine, the chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model is used as a cheap and easy to perform assay to assess new drug effectiveness in cancer treatment. Various human cell lines have different tumors growth on CAM. In veterinary medicine such model has not been described yet. In the present article derivation of feline vaccine associated fibrosarcoma cell line and its growth on CAM is described. The cell line and the tumor grown were confirmed by histopathological and immunohistochemical examination. As far as we believe, this is the first attempt to create such model, which may be used for further in vivo studies in veterinary oncology.