Gas exchange ofRhodiola sachalinensis transplanted from different habitats in Changbai Mountain

Rhodiola sachalinensis growing in the different habitats, Xiaotianchi plot (altitude 1800 m), Tree line plot (altitude 2000 m) and Tianwenfeng plot (altitude 2325 m), of Changbai Moutain (northern slop) were transplanted to Harbin Experimental Forest Farm for measuring its characteristic of gas exchange. The study results indicated that the growth state and gas exchange characteristics ofRh. sachalinensis growing in different habitats varied markedly. The plants transplanted from Tianwenfeng plot had the highest values in net photosynthesis rate (Pn) and transpiration rate (Tr), those transplanted from Tree line plot shows the second, and those transplanted rom Xiaotianchi plot had the lowest values. The variance existed in transplanted plants was the same as shown in the field. From the result it can be extrapolated that the difference of Pn and Tr existed inRh. sachalinensis transplanted from different habitats is depend not only on the environmental factors, but on the variance of physiological characteristic of plant itself. This study is supported by Natural science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province. Responsible editor: Chai Ruihai     

Diurnal change of gas exchange of Rhodiola sachalinensis transplanted from different habitats in Changbai Mountain

I~uchonRhodho saChaliDensis A. Bor is perennial herbthst b6longs tO Crassulaceae. It mainly distributes inJapan, KOrea, China and Russian. In China it mainlydiSbout6S at the alhtude Of 1 770-2 500 m in Changbei Moudsin Of Jinn Province and ZhangguangcaiMountain Of Heilontoiang Province. It is typical alpineplant (Wu et al. 1987, Qin 1994, Lu et al. 1995) andalso very imPOtent m6dicinal plant. From 1950s a lotOf reseaus with about RhodiOIa plantS had beendone in RuSSian, Ukraine…     

Diurnal change of gas exchange ofRhodiola sachalinensis transplanted from different habitats in Changbai Mountain

Rhodiola sachalinensis growing in the different habitats, such as Xiaotianchi plot (altitude 1800 m), Tree line plot (altitude 2000 m) and Tianwenfeng plot (altitude 2325 m) of Changbai Mountain (northern slop) were transplanted to Harbin Experimental Farm for determining its gas exchange. The study results indicated that the diurnal changes of gas exchange ofRh. sachalinensis transplanted from different habitats were still different though the morphological appearance of the newly sprouted above-ground part had become more similar. For net photosynthesis rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs) and apparent quantum yield (AQY), the diumal change curves ofRh. sachalinensis transplanted from the three plots were similar, but the data value were different. For the dark respiration rate (Rd), transpiration rate (Tr) and water use efficiency (WUE), diurnal change curves of the three plots were obviously different. This study is supported by Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province. Yan Xiufeng, male, born in March 1965, associate professor, Open Research Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, P. R. China. Responsible editor: Zhu Hong     

不同水分条件下麻疯树幼苗的光合生理适应性研究

通过研究干旱和复水对麻疯树幼苗叶片的相对含水量、气体交换特性和叶绿素荧光特性的影响,结果表明:随着基质含水量的减小,麻疯树叶片相对含水量、净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度持续下降,胞间CO₂浓度先下降后上升;最大荧光产量、PSII最大光量子产量、光化学猝灭系数和PSⅡ实际量子效率均呈现下降趋势,初始荧光有小幅上升。复水后,气体交换参数和荧光参数能很快恢复,植株可以成活,表明麻疯树有很强的自我调节能力,对基质干旱有极强的适应能力。当基质含水量从21.91%下降到15.22%时,各参数均无显著差异(P＞0.05);当基质含水量从8.70%下降到6.83%时,各参数均有显著变化(P<0.05)。基质含水量为8.70%以上时,麻疯树碳同化能力降低的原因主要是气孔限制;基质含水量在8.70%以下时,光合效率的降低主要受非气孔限制。     

不同种源东部白松苗期光合作用研究

为选择适合辽宁地区生长的东部白松种源,研究了东部白松不同种源苗期的光合效率。结果表明：东部白松净光合速率和蒸腾速率日变化均为双峰型。8：00时,不同种源的净光合速率为7.83～17.96μmol.m-2.s-1,蒸腾速率为2.63～6.33 mmol.m-2.s-1。10：00时,不同种源的净光合速率为3.58～18.60μmol.m-2.s-1,蒸腾速率为1.92～6.68 mmol.m-2.s-1。方差分析表明,不同种源的东部白松净光合速率和蒸腾速率均差异明显。相关性分析表明,生长指标和光合作用指标之间表现为正相关,其中当年树高生长量同净光合速率和蒸腾速率相关性较高,说明光合作用指标可作为东部白松东部种源选择的依据。     

CO2, H2Oexchange and stomatal regulation of regenerated Camptotheca acuminata plantlets during ex vitro acclimatization

Introduction Micropropagation is an important tool for mass production of uniform plants because of its high efficiency, with good phytosanitary status and quality control. Considerable efforts have been directed to optimize the conditions for in vitro st…     

立地条件对长白落叶松气体交换特性的影响

采用LI－6400便携式光合测定系统测定了黑龙江省佳木斯市孟家岗林场不同立地条件、不同龄组长白落叶松的气体交换参数。结果表明,饱和光照强度下长白落叶松的气孔导度、蒸腾速率和水分利用效率受针叶朝向（阳生叶和阴生叶）、立地条件和林龄的影响而表现出不同。除幼龄林立地指数为12的阳生叶和阴生叶气孔导度、蒸腾速率和水分利用效率,幼龄林立地指数为18的阳生叶和阴生叶气孔导度和蒸腾速率,近熟林立地指数为17的阳生叶和阴生叶蒸腾速率存在显著差异外,其余所有林龄相同立地指数的阳生叶和阴生叶气孔导度、蒸腾速率和水分利用效率均无显著差异。近熟林的阳生叶和阴生叶气孔导度,中龄林和近熟林的阳生叶水分利用效率受立地条件的影响均不显著;幼龄林阳生叶和阴生叶的水分利用效率,近熟林阳生叶和阴生叶的蒸腾速率均随着立地指数的增加表现出显著升高的趋势;幼龄林和中龄林阳生叶和阴生叶的气孔导度和蒸腾速率,中龄林和近熟林的阴生叶水分利用效率均随着立地指数的增加表现出显著降低的趋势。饱和光照强度下阳生叶和阴生叶气孔导度和蒸腾速率受林龄的影响显著,而水分利用效率受林龄的影响不显著。     

干旱对南五味子和海南红豆幼苗气体交换参数的影响

对海南红豆和南五味子的1年生实生苗在不同强度干旱胁迫下的叶片气体交换参数进行研究。结果表明:随着干旱胁迫的加强,南五味子和海南红豆的净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、蒸腾速率(Tr)和叶片水分利用率(WUE)不断下降,而胞间CO2浓度(Ci)为先下降后上升,气孔限制值(Ls)呈现先上升后下降;重度胁迫时海南红豆的Pn、Gs、Tr和WUE均比南五味子大,说明前者对干旱有更强的适应性。     

杜鹃红山茶与3个山茶栽培品种光合日变化特性研究

以杜鹃红山茶和3个山荼栽培品种("帕克斯先生"、"孔雀椿"和"贝拉大玫瑰")5年生地栽嫁接苗为试验材料,分别测定它们光合日变化特性曲线.结果表明:供试的4种山茶Pn和Tr日变化均为单峰曲线,且Pn的峰值主要出现在午前,n的峰值则在不同山茶间存在差异;4种山茶中,杜鹃红山茶的日均WUE最高;Pn、Tr与各生理生态因子间的...     

福建漳江口3种红树植物光合作用日变化特性研究

应用Li-6400XT便携式光合作用测定系统,首次对漳江口红树林天然群落中秋茄、白骨壤、桐花树在自然生境中夏季晴天的叶片净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Cond)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、胞间CO2浓度(Ci)生理因子的日变化进程及其相互关系,以及环境因子对净光合速率的影响等进行研究。结果表明:秋茄、桐花树叶片净光合速率(Pn)的日变化趋势相似,两者Pn的峰值出现在8∶00和14∶00,而白骨壤Pn的峰值出现在8∶00和16∶00,日均Pn大小为白骨壤>秋茄>桐花树;3种红树的蒸腾速率(Tr)日变化规律各不相同,秋茄和桐花树Tr值最高均出现在8∶00,白骨壤Tr值最高出现在10∶00,日均Tr大小为白骨壤>桐花树>秋茄;水分利用效率(WUE):秋茄和白骨壤16∶00时最高,而桐花树12∶00时最高,日均WUE大小为秋茄>白骨壤>桐花树;植物的Pn和Tr不仅受到环境因子的影响,同时还受到内在生理因子的调节。相关分析结果表明,对Pn和Tr影响最高的环境因子是光合有效辐射(PAR),生理因子则为气孔导度(Cond)。     

大青山阳坡油松和山杏光合生理参数与土壤含水量的关系研究

在大青山南麓浅山地带的阳坡造林地,使用Li-6400便携式光合测定仪对不同土壤水分处理下的油松和山杏苗木的光合生理参数进行了测定,研究了叶片净光合速率（Pn）、羧化效率（Ce）、蒸腾速率（Tr）、水分利用效率（WUE）对土壤含水量（SWC）的响应过程,并探讨了在不同土壤水状况下2个树种叶片光合作用的变化规律,最后确定了...     

3种珍贵用材树种1年生苗木光合特性研究

以桢楠、香樟、红椿3个珍贵树种的1年生苗木为研究对象,测定并分析了其光合生理特性。结果表明,（1）净光合速率（Pn）、水分利用率（WUE）均表现为桢楠＞香樟＞红椿,而气孔导度（Gs）、胞间CO2浓度（ Ci）、蒸腾速率（ Tr）则表现为桢楠＜香樟＜红椿,在影响光合作用的各因素中, Tr在树种间的差异相对显著,表明影响3个树种有效光合物质积累的主要因素为蒸腾作用;（2）3个树种叶片的Pn值表现出了相似的对光照强度（ PAR）与CO2浓度的响应趋势,即在低光照强度或CO2浓度下, Pn值随着PAR或CO2浓度的增加而迅速增加,而在高光照强度或CO2浓度下, Pn值增加的趋势变缓,其中香樟叶片光补偿点（ Lcp ）及光饱和点（Lsp）分别为67.50μmol/（m^2· s）与473.10μmol/（m^2· s）,其 CO2补偿点（Ccp）和饱和点（Csp）为111.30μmol/（ m^2· s）与1681.00μmol/（ m^2· s）,均较红椿和桢楠高,其最大净光合速率（ Pmax ）也高于红椿和桢楠;（3）3个树种的Pn、 Tr、 Ci、 Gs和WUE参数日变化趋势基本一致,而且均表现出明显的“午休”现象,其中, Pn参数日变化呈双峰型曲线,峰值出现在10：00和16：00,且午前明显高于午后。     

Leaf gas exchange characteristics differ among Sonoran Desert riparian tree species

We investigated leaf gas exchange responses to leaf temperature, leaf-to-air vapor pressure deficit (VPD), and predawn and midday shoot water potential (psipd and psimd, respectively) of two native Sonoran Desert riparian tree species, Fremont cottonwood (Populus fremontii S. Wats.) and Goodding willow (Salix gooddingii Ball), and one exotic riparian tree species, saltcedar (Tamarix chinensis Lour. and related species). Measurements were made at two sites over 2 years that differed climatically. Because multiple linear regression models explained less than 29% of the variation in stomatal conductance (gs) and less than 48% of the variation in net photosynthetic rate (Pn) of all species, we used boundary-line analysis to compare gas exchange responses among species. Gas exchange rates were high in all species. The hyperbolic relationship between Pn and gs suggested that initial reductions in gs at high gs did not inhibit Pn. Reductions in gs of cottonwood and willow occurred at psimd values at or below previously reported xylem cavitation thresholds (-1.6 and -1.4 MPa, respectively), indicating tight stomatal regulation of water loss and a narrow cavitation safety margin. In contrast, reductions in gs of saltcedar occurred at psimd values well above the cavitation threshold (-7.0 MPa), but at much lower psimd values than in cottonwood and willow, suggesting a wider cavitation safety margin and less tight regulation of water loss in saltcedar. High VPD had a smaller effect on leaf gas exchange in willow than in cottonwood. In contrast, willow had a less negative psipd threshold for stomatal closure than cottonwood. Compared with cottonwood and willow, leaf gas exchange of saltcedar was more tolerant of high VPD and low psipd. These physiological characteristics of saltcedar explain its widespread success as an invader of riparian ecosystems containing native Fremont cottonwood and Goodding willow in the Sonoran Desert.     

早实核桃‘农核1号’的光合特性

【目的】了解早实核桃新品种‘农核1号’的光合特性,为该品种优质高效栽培提供参考。【方法】以早实核桃‘农核1号’为试材,采用Li 6400测定叶片净光合速率(P_n)、蒸腾速率(T_r)、气孔导度(G_s)、胞间CO_2浓度(C_i)、水分利用效率(WUE)、气孔限制值(L_s)及主要环境因子的日变化,分析各指标间的关系。【结果】‘农核1号’叶片P_n日变化呈单峰曲线,最高峰出现在9:00,峰值达15.67 μmol/(m^2·s)。11:00—19:00,P_n降低主要受非气孔限制因素的影响。一天当中P_n及其他光合参数在不同时段存在一定差异。相关分析结果表明,P_n与T_r在13:00—19:00呈极显著正相关;P_n与G_s在各时段均呈极显著正相关;P_n与C_i在7:00—9:00呈极显著负相关,在9:00—13:00呈不显著正相关,在13:00—19:00呈不显著负相关。光响应曲线分析结果表明,‘农核1号’叶片的LCP较低且LSP较高,分别为53.84和752.16 μmol/(m^2·s),说明‘农核1号’对弱光照较为敏感,适应性强。通径分析结果表明,7:00—9:00主要环境因子PAR对‘农核1号’叶片P_n的影响大于G_s,两者均表现正效应;9:00—13:00各指标按照对叶片P_n的影响由高到低排序依次为C_i、WUE、G_s,C_i表现负效应,G_s和WUE表现正效应;13:00—16:00主要光合参数G_s对叶片P_n的影响大于C_i,G_s表现正效应,C_i表现负效应;16:00—19:00主要光合参数WUE对叶片P_n的影响大于T_r,两者均表现正效应。【结论】在生产上引种和栽培‘农核1号’时,应注意扩大株行距,保持通风透光,从而提高光合产物的积累。     

不同氮磷比与水分添加对刨花楠光合生理特性的影响分析

在全球变化的背景下,氮沉降现象普遍,降水分布不均,干旱变得更加频繁,植物对环境变化的响应与适应已成为亚热带地区研究的热点生态学课题之一。以亚热带珍贵常绿阔叶树种刨花楠(Machilus pauhoi)为对象,探讨不同氮磷比及水分添加对其光合生理特性各指标的影响。结果表明:(1)水分对刨花楠净光合速率(P_n)、光补偿点(LCP)、蒸腾速率(T_r)有显著影响,干旱胁迫下(田间持水量为40%)的刨花楠的P_n、LCP和T_r会明显下降,与正常水分条件(田间持水量80%)相比,P_n下降了52%,LCP下降了72%,T_r下降了38%;而水分对光饱和点(LSP)、气孔导度(G_s)、胞间CO_2浓度(Ci)、水分利用效率(WUE)无显著影响;(2)不同氮磷添加对P_n、LSP、LCP、G_s、C_i、WUE等光合生理特性指标无显著影响。     

多重复干旱循环对北美短叶松和黑云杉苗木气体交换及水分利用效率的影响

本文研究了多重复干旱循环对１年生北美短叶松（ＰｉｎｕｓｂａｎｋｓｉａｎａＬａｍｂ．）和黑云杉（Ｐｉｃｅａｍａｒｉａｎａ［Ｍｉｌ］Ｂ．Ｓ．Ｄ．）苗木的气体交换速率及水分利用效率的影响。结果表面，多重干旱循环对它们的气体交换（Ｃｓ，Ｐｎ，Ｔｒ）有显著影响（Ｐ＜０．５），而对其水分利用效率（ＷＵＥ）影响不大（Ｐ＞０．１）。尽管北美短叶松的气孔对轻度干旱胁迫不如黑云杉敏感，但是它对中度及严重干旱胁迫的敏感程度却高于黑云杉。在轻度及中度干旱胁迫下，北美短叶松的光合作用主要受非气孔因素的影响，而黑云杉则主要受气孔因素的影响。解除干旱胁迫后，黑云杉的气孔敏感性、光合能力及水分利用效率的恢复都要比北美短叶松更快．我们认为，延迟脱水是北美短叶松的主要耐旱机理，而忍耐脱水则是黑云杉重要的耐旱途径。轻度的干旱胁迫锻炼可以帮助北美短叶松在更严重的干旱胁迫下保持固有而较强的耐旱能力。然而，通过多重复干旱循环锻炼后黑云杉在改善耐旱能力的强度方面则大于北美短叶松     

不同灌溉条件对刺槐生长量及各项生理指标的影响

在小管出流与大水漫灌等不同灌溉方式下,研究刺槐的相对含水量(RWC),水分饱和亏缺(RWD)、光响应曲线、净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)、胞间CO2浓度(Ci)、单叶水分利用效率(WUE)等指标的变化。结果表明,小管出流灌溉条件下,刺槐叶片净光合速率Pn值、蒸腾速率、气孔导度、生长量均大于漫灌下刺槐;但是,单叶水分利用率与叶片胞间CO2浓度在这2两种灌溉条件下差异较小。     

赤皮青冈光合作用的日变化研究

[目的]研究濒危珍稀树种赤皮青冈光合作用的日变化规律。[方法]使用开放式气体交换LI-6400便携式光合测定系统对赤皮青冈的光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度和胞间CO2浓度等光合生理指标进行了测定。[结果]赤皮青冈的净光合速率日变化曲线呈双峰型,赤皮青冈蒸腾速率和气孔导度的日变化呈现单峰曲线,赤皮青冈胞间CO2浓度的日变化...     

Ecophysiological Characteristics of Parthenocissus quinquefolia Planch under Different Soil Moisture Conditions

INTRODUCTION People have been working hard to find greening plants which have the characteristics of strong resistance, quick growth and high coverage in barren mountainous areas (Wang Hansheng 2004; Wang Lixian et al. 2005). The role and position of Parthenocissus quinquefolia planch, which is regarded as a vine with strong climbing ability, high coverage and less demand for soil water and nutrition, started to be valued (Zhao Guangde 2002; Zhang Yigong et al. 1999). But most research…     

不同核桃品种光合特性比较研究

用Li-6400便携式光合作用测定系统,对香玲、鲁光、清香、西林3号、西洛3号5个核桃品种的光合生理特性进行了研究。结果表明,5个品种的净光合速率日平均值大小顺序为香玲>鲁光>清香>西林三号>西洛3号。净光合速率日变化、蒸腾速率日变化和气孔导度日变化曲线均呈单峰型和双峰型;不同品种净光合速率与蒸腾速率、气孔导度,蒸腾速率与气孔导度均呈极显著正相关(P<0.01);香玲品种核桃苗叶光补偿点、光饱和点分别为58.997、1 450μmo1·m-2·s-1。