植物激素与金属离子对稻种萌发影响的热动力学研究

用自研制的热导式微热量计测定了水稻杂交新品种马协雄性不育系稻种在植物激素和金属离子介质中萌发热功率-时间曲线,获得了该稻种在不同介质中萌发各产热阶段的热数据。计算了马协雄性不育稻种在不同介质中萌发生长动力学参数,建立了相应的动力学经验式。并进一步探讨了激动素(KT)和生长素(IAA)及Zn~(2 )”和Cu~(2 )对稻种萌发过程的影响。     

CVT刚性联接发动机曲轴轴系结构的扭振分析

因非道路车辆的特殊结构和成本限制，提出四缸柴油发动机中采用CVT刚性联接曲轴轴系结构。阐述了该新型结构的特征和工作原理，建立了四缸柴油发动机离合式曲轴计算模型和CVT刚性联接曲轴计算模型。通过曲轴前端实验，证明了所建模型和模型参数确定方法的正确性。求解所有计算模型，并对结果进行对比分析。结果表明，CVT刚性联接使曲轴轴系振动波动加大，减振器耗散能增加，各阶共振峰值对应转速低减。对曲轴各拐剪切应力幅度的影响不大，但有高转速工况降低而中低转速剪切应力幅值增加的普遍趋势，CVT端的扭振振幅和剪切应力较大些。综合研究得出结论：非道路车辆低速四缸柴油发动机可以采纳CVT刚性联接曲轴轴系结构。     

热分析法研究水稻花药发育过程及其动力学

植物花药发育是植物个体发育过程中的一个重要组成部分。在此过程中,花药物质和组成不断变化,呈现出显著的动态过程。关于花药发育过程中物质和组成变化的研究,人们已经做了很多工作。但未见用热分析法研究水稻花药发育过程及其动力学的报道。本文用热分析法研究了不同花粉育期野败型和红莲型两类水稻保持系可育花药的热分解过程,测定了花粉不同育期可育花药的热重/差热(TG/DTA)及其差示扫描量热(DSC)曲线,获得了相应的热力学参数,分析了它们在不同时期的热分解规律以及发育过程中花药物质变化与其不同育期的关系,建立了发育过程中水稻花药干物质增长的动力学模型,并计算了它们的表观动力学参数。     

利用频域有限元法分析内嵌管式辐射地板频域热特性

分析内嵌管式辐射地板的频域热特性,便于进一步了解内嵌管式辐射地板的动态热特征,为辐射地板的系统和控制设计提供重要的参考依据。建立了内嵌管式辐射地板的频域有限元模型,同时采用ANSYS软件建立了内嵌管式辐射地板的时域传热模型,通过2个模型的对比说明了频域有限元模型的准确性。采用频域有限元模型计算并分析了内嵌管式辐射地板的频域热特性。结果表明,在低频区域,地板的频域热响应基本不随频率变化,其传热过程接近于稳态,而在高频区域,地板的频域热响应随频率的变化十分剧烈,地板传热呈现明显的动态特征。当房间内存在较多成分的高频热扰时,关于辐射地板的传热计算应采用动态计算方法。     

基于ERSM涡轮盘径向变形的非线性动态概率分析

为了准确设计高压涡轮盘和叶尖间隙,从概率的角度进行了涡轮盘径向变形的分析。介绍了高精度高效率的非线性动态概率分析的极值响应面方法(Extremum Response Surface Method, ERSM),并建立了其数学模型。考虑材料属性和边界条件的非线性,以及热载荷和离心载荷的动态性,基于ERSM对涡轮盘径向变形进行了非线性动态概率分析,得到了输入输出参数的分布特征和影响涡轮盘径向动态变形的主要因素。最后,通过方法比较,验证了ERSM在保证计算精度的前提下能大大提高计算速度,节约计算时间,改善计算效率。为进行更有效的涡轮盘设计和优化,改善叶尖间隙设计和控制的合理性提供了有效依据。      

橡胶衬层硬度和厚度对水润滑轴承系统跳动量的影响

根据舰船推进装置对水润滑轴承系统的运行精度要求,通过建立水润滑橡胶轴承系统有限元接触模型,研究不同橡胶硬度、厚度对直槽和螺旋槽水润滑橡胶轴承系统跳动量的影响规律,提出水润滑轴承系统跳动量控制方法。研究结果表明,水润滑橡胶轴承系统跳动量随橡胶硬度增大而减小,随橡胶厚度增大而增大。当橡胶硬度在85~95 Shore A时,轴承系统主轴跳动量较小。在保证沟槽尺寸的前提下,尽量设计成较薄的橡胶厚度。相比直槽结构,螺旋槽水润滑橡胶轴承系统跳动量更小。因此,科学合理地设计水润滑橡胶轴承橡胶衬层材料硬度和几何结构,能显著减小轴承系统的跳动量,提高运行精度。     

青海乡域中小学教室内学生冬季的热舒适性

对青海乡域4所典型中小学校10间教室冬季室内温湿度、风速、黑球温度等热环境参数进行现场测试，同时对420余名青少年学生的衣着情况、热感觉评价等进行了主观问卷调查。对测试和调查结果进行统计分析，得到实测和预测热中性温度分别为13.8和14.5℃，热期望温度为16.2℃，90%的学生感到满意的舒适温度范围为15.8~18.7℃。在当地寒冷的气候条件、学生衣着习惯、心理期望及生理特性等因素影响下，中小学生形成了对偏冷环境的适应性，提出可利用适应性PMV模型（aPMV）对中小学生平均热感觉进行准确预测。可为乡域中小学教室冬季热环境设计提供依据。     

简单屋顶绿化的滞蓄特性

设计了模拟降雨与数据采集系统,研究了短时强降雨下简单屋顶绿化基质(配比：陶粒57.0%、草炭41.5%、保水剂1.5%)的降雨产流过程,基于37次模拟降雨实验,归纳了降雨产流的一般过程、规律和特性,分析了降雨强度、基质厚度和基质初始含水率对简单屋顶绿化滞流蓄水特性的影响。结果表明：基质厚度和基质初始含水率对简单屋顶绿化的蓄水特性有显著影响,基质初始含水率越低、基质厚度越厚时蓄水特性越佳。建立了产流时间数学模型,简单屋顶绿化降雨产流时间与降雨强度呈负相关,同时也受初始含水量和基质厚度影响。随着干湿循环次数增加,基质的厚度总体呈现下降趋势,储水性能逐渐下降,延迟产流时间逐渐缩短。     

围护结构热湿耦合传递模型及简便求解方法

为了预测围护结构内的温度和湿度分布,以连续变量,相对湿度和温度为驱动势,考虑热传递与湿传递之间的耦合作用,建立了围护结构热湿耦合传递非稳态模型,并提出了基于多物理场耦合仿真模拟软件COMSOL的热湿耦合传递模型简便求解方法。通过对比新建模型模拟结果与HAMSTAD标准验证实例,验证了模型及求解方法的准确性。     

Heat transfer calculation influence of pile geothermal ground exchanger ignoring the thermal property difference between grout and soil

桩基埋管换热器具有桩径大、埋深浅的特点,适用于桩基埋管特点的系列导热解析解模型被不断提出,但是该类模型均忽略了回填料与岩土热物性的差异。对于桩径较大的桩基埋管而言,较大的热物性差异将引起较大的计算误差。建立了区别回填料与岩土热物性差异的导热数值解模型,对比分析忽略热物性差异对桩基埋管换热计算的影响,研究表明：导热系数差异对桩基埋管长时间运行的换热热阻计算影响甚小;容积比热差异将引起桩基埋管较大的设计容量误差;桩径越大,热物性差异引起的计算误差越显著。     

Reliability Analysis of Ultimate Bearing Capacity of Concrete Filled Tube High Piers

To deal with the contradiction between accuracy and time consuming, a model of reliability analysis of CFT was proposed based on the response surface and nonlinear finite element method, And Initial geometric imperfection was induced by consistent mode imperfection method.The reliability index and sensitivity coefficients of CFT high piers were invested by the proposed model.The effects of slenderness, eccentricity and diameter thickness ratio on reliability index of concrete filled tube high piers were studied by parameter analysis method.Meanwhile, the influence of geometric nonlinearity was also analyzed and the reliability of CFT high pier could be affected by factors mentioned above.Based on the analysis, several suggestions for improving the reliability of CFT high piers were proposed.     

Finite Element Reliability Analysis of the Stability of a Slope

The whole reliability index of a slope is derived through using the strength reduction method in the finite element analysis, which can make use of the former finite element program and can be used to both linear and nonlinear finite element analysis. The affection of the evaluation of derivative and the selection of reliability analysis methods is discussed, which shows that it is very important to select the type of limit state function of the slope stability. A new iterafive formula, which can consider the correlation of fundamental parameters, is proposed for FORM, and the convergence is very well.     

Computation Method and for Thermal Transmittance of Glass Curtain walls Appllcation

The heat conduction characteristic of glass curtain wall was investigated. Based on one dimensional steady heat conduction theory, the numerical calculation model of glass system thermal transmittance was set up by using insulating glass as an example. Based on two dimensional steady heat conduction theory and finite element method, both the thermal transfer matrix and temperature load array of 3 DOFs triangular element were derived. Then the revised formulas about the heat transfer matrix and temperature load array under the boundary conditions of constant heat flux, heat convective, radiation and coupled of them were also derived. Then the numerical calculation models of glass curtain wall frame and linear thermal transmittance were set up. The program TJCW based on the Visual C++ and ObjectARX was developed for calculating the thermal transmittance of glass curtain wall and was validated by contrast with the results calculated by thermal software LBNL. Finally, TJCW program was used to calculate and check the thermal transmittance of glass curtain wall in a practical project. The results indicate that the thermal transmittance of glass curtain wall can be calculated correctly by adopting the presented model, and the program based on this model can be used in energy conservation calculation and analysis in the actual projects.     

Electromagnetic field models and their influences onthe temperature field of large hydro generator

To accurately analyze the loss and heat of large hydro generator,the finite element models of 2D steady state electromagnetic field,moving electromagnetic field and field circuit coupling are established respectively.As an example,the losses of the rotor iron and damper winding of a 36 MW tubular hydro generator are calculated.Furthermore,the influences of 3 different electromagnetic field models on the thermal sources and temperatures are analyzed by 3D finite element calculation of the temperature field.The results are compared with the test data and indicate that the precision of the field circuit coupling model is better.The losses of each damp bar are different and the heat of the damp bar at the lee side is larger than that at the windward with the full load.The maximal temperature of the rotor is located at the damper winding,instead of the field winding.The research is valuable for improving the calculation precision of the rotor losses and temperature field and enhancing the reliability of the hydro generator design and operation.     

Dry mixed Superfine Sand Mortar for Bonding Ceramic Tile

By modification with water retentive agents and organic bonding admixtures, one dry mixed superfine sand mortar used as ceramic tile bonding was prepared with good workability, adhesive capacity and climate resistance. The test results indicate that this mortar has excellent anti sagging characteristics, with slippage of less than 2mm, sufficient open time and bonding strength over 1 MPa after being open for 20 minutes. These traits provide the needed qualities for thin construction of ceramic tile bonding. By adding polypropylene fiber, a flexible mortar was prepared with superior crack resistance for use as a ceramic tile bonding agent. The preparation mechanism, method and performance are introduced in detail.     

The Numerical Simulations of the Casting Process for Making Fiber-reinforced Metal Matrix Composite

The numerical simulations of the casting process for making metal matrix composite by infiltrating melting alloys into a fiber preform arestudied. The evaluation of the infiltration flow, the thermal conduction, the stress and strains of the matrix are studied with finite element method, and the corresponding finite element program for axi-symmetry condition is programmed. The influences of the controllable initial and boundary conditions on the casting process, residual stress and residual plastic strains, and selection of optimal technological parameters are researched. The reliability of the numerical simulation is analyzed by comparison between the calculated results andsimilar experimental data.[WT5HZ]     

Refined Probabilistic Model of Resistance of RC Eccentric Compression Members

The probabilistic model of resistance in the current unified standard for reliability design is imprecise for RC members subjected to eccentric compression. The reason is that it lacks full considerations of influences of varying eccentricities. An improved probabilistic model of resistance with different eccentricities and reinforcement ratios is obtained by using the Monte Carlo sampling method and the current probabilistic models of all resistant factors. The results indicate that it is accurate to fit the probabilistic distribution of resistance with normal distribution. Given that, the applicability of the improved model is analyzed for reliability analysis of RC members subjected to eccentric compression with random eccentricities. It shows that when the design value of eccentricity is close to or larger than the eccentricity producing balanced failure, there would be large errors in reliability analysis if the probabilistic model of resistance given in the current reliability unified standard is used. However, it is accurate when using the proposed probabilistic model. The results also show that the design of RC members subjected to large eccentric compression is unsafe based on the current reliability unified standard because it lacks full considerations of effects that the resistance decreases as eccentricity increases.     

Static Behavior of Rigid Connections of H-beams with Corrugated Webs

Steel H-beams with corrugated webs can provide high shear-buckling resistance with very thin webs, which results in saving of steel. Common beam-to-column rigid connections are not suitable for H-beams with corrugated webs, so 2 types of rigid connections are proposed .In this paper,2 static tests of beam-to-column rigid connections of H-beams with corrugated webs were conducted. And the test results were compared with the results from finite element analysis and the results calculated from the practical design formulas to verify the validity of the results from ABAQUS FEA and reliability from the practical design formulas. Parametric studies were carried out to investigate the bearing capacity of the pinned connection with variations in the thickness of the endplate, the connecting plate and the corrugation at the breaking point.     

Heat Transfer Simulation and Experiment of Highly Efficient Regenerator

On the base of regenerator configuration character, the heat transfer mathematics models are set up. The relevant relations of regenerator medium, exchange time, temperature efficiency and thermal efficiency are analyzed by numerical simulation. The results are anastomotic by numerical simulation and by experiments after exchanging 7 - 10 s. And it indicts reliability by simulation. The authors study effects of exhaust gas temperature and air preheat temperature influenced by regenerator medium, exchange time etc. , by numerical simulation and experiment. On the case, the suitable exchange time of corundum globule is about 60s, the suitabe exchange time of high aluminum and clay ceramic ball is 20 -30 s. Temperature efficiency is up more than 80%, thermal efficiency is up more than 70%.