3.0T MRI高b值扩散加权成像对前列腺癌的临床诊断价值

目的:分析3.0T MRI高b值扩散加权成像对前列腺癌的诊断价值,确定具有最佳诊断效能b值。方法:回顾性分析经病理证实为前列腺疾病的患者48例(前列腺癌和前列腺增生各24例)临床资料。所有患者均行MRI常规扫描序列(T1WI、T2WI)和多b值DWI检查(b值=0、800、1000、1500、2000、2500s/mm2)。比较不同b值时前列腺良恶性组织ADC值之间的差异,分析不同b值DWI联合常规扫描序列对前列腺癌的诊断效能。结果:无论b值大小前列腺良恶性组织平均ADC值间均具有统计学差异(P0.05),但有小部分重叠。随着b值增大,两者ADC值重叠范围会逐渐减小。当b值为2000s/mm2时鉴别诊断前列腺良恶性病变准确性明显大于其他b值。结论:3.0T MRI高b值(b1000s/mm2)DWI有助于对前列腺疾病鉴别诊断,尤其b值为2000s/mm2具有最佳诊断效能。     

MRIDWI在胃癌诊断中的作用

目的了解MRI DWI在胃癌诊断中的作用。方法经病理证实为胃癌患者18例和正常者11人,全部做常规MRI扫描（包括横切位T1WI、T2WI、FLAIR、Wats和冠状位B-TFE）后,进行DWI扫描,对比正常胃壁和胃癌的ADC值差异。结果正常人胃壁平均ADC值为（2.5473±0.1706）×10^-3mm^2/s,胃癌的平均ADC值为（1.7632±0.2107）×10^-3mm^2/s（P〈0.01）。在DWI图上胃癌病变呈高信号优于常规MRI序列,但观察解剖细节的显示不如常规MRI。结论MRI DWI和ADC值测量对胃癌诊断有重要意义。     

前列腺疾病多期相CT扫描的诊断意义

目的 了解前列腺疾病多期相螺旋CT扫描的诊断意义.方法 采用平扫、动脉期(30s)、静脉期(65s)、实质期(95s)、延迟期(180s)对经病理或临床证实的16例前列腺增生、6例前列腺癌及4例无前列腺疾病患者进行多期相扫描,分析动态扫描CT表现,并进行比较.结果 前列腺增生平扫CT值(35.7±3.5)HU,增强扫描动脉期CT值(50.7±10.4)HU,静脉期CT值(67.2±12.3)HU,实质期CT值(70.1±7.0)HU,延迟期CT值(68.8±8.2)HU,动态曲线呈缓升-平台型;前列腺癌平扫CT值(29.8±5.4)HU,增强扫描动脉期CT值(53.4±11.4)HU,静脉期CT值(51.2±7.8)HU,实质期CT值(52.6±7.2)HU,延迟期CT值(48.4±4.8)HU,动态曲线呈速升-缓降型;正常前列腺平扫CT值(38.5±1.3)HU,增强扫描动脉期CT值(39.5±6.2)HU,静脉期CT值(55.5±2.1)HU,实质期CT值(57.0±6.3)HU,延迟期CT值(56.0±5.7)HU,动态曲线也呈缓升-平台型,但强化程度较前列腺增生明显低.结论 多期相动态扫描对前列腺增生、前列腺癌的诊断及鉴别诊断具有重要意义.     

腰椎间盘ADC值差异与pfirrmann分级相关性研究

目的 探讨腰椎间盘表观扩散系数(apparent diffusion coefficient, ADC)差异与椎间盘退行性变pfirrmann分级的相关性。方法 分别对50例腰椎间盘退行性变患者及30例正常志愿者行腰椎MR常规序列和扩散加权成像(DWI)扫描,测得L_1/2-L₅/S₁椎间盘ADC值,并对pfirrmann分级中各级椎间盘ADC进行比较。绘制ADC的ROC曲线并计算曲线下面积,应用Pearson分析ADC值与pfirrmann分级的相关性。结果50例腰椎间盘退行性变患者中未发现pfirrmann 1～2级和7～8级的椎间盘;pfirrmann 3级与4级椎间盘ADC值间差异无统计学意义,3、4级与5、6级椎间盘ADC值间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。志愿者椎间盘平均ADC值高于腰椎间盘退行性变患者椎间盘平均ADC值,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。Pearson相关性显示ADC值与腰椎间盘pfirrmann分级呈显著负相关(r=-0.668,P<0.05)。结论 腰椎间盘ADC值可以...     

肝癌化疗栓塞前后MR弥散成像ADC值与MVD的相关性研究

目的通过观察兔肝癌模型,研究肝癌化疗栓塞后ADC值与MVD相关性．方法肝癌模型为新西兰大白兔18只,分为3组,每组6只,为TACE术前组、术后3d组及术后1周组．肿瘤种植3周,常规MR扫描发现病灶,进行肝动脉化疗栓塞．3组动物分别在TACE术前、术后3d、术后1周进行MR弥散成像．动物在MR成像之后,用过量硫喷妥钠处死,取病理,进行免疫组化,测量MVD值．并对肿瘤中心区、边缘区在TACE前、后3d、1周的MVD与ADC值进行相关分析．结果MVD与ADC值的Pearson相关系数r=-0．534,P=0．000,可以认为二者间存在负相关．结论MR弥散成像与病理表现一致,能够较好地反映肝癌化疗栓塞后的转归．     

磁共振常规及弥散加权成像对预测宫颈癌淋巴结转移的价值

目的 探讨磁共振常规及弥散加权成像在宫颈癌淋巴结转移诊断中的敏感性、特异性.方法 113例ⅠB1至ⅡB期宫颈癌患者行术前MRI常规及弥散加权成像检查、根治性子宫切除术加盆腔或盆腔及腹主动脉旁淋巴结清扫术.结果 94例(83.2%)经术后病理学检查证实无淋巴结转移,19例(16.8%)有淋巴结转移.MRI常规及弥散加权成...     

多模态MRI对血清AFP阴性肝细胞癌诊断的价值

目的探讨多模态MRI在血清AFP阴性肝细胞癌诊断中的应用价值。方法选取100例肝细胞癌患者,根据血清AFP测定结果将其分为血清AFP阴性肝细胞癌组(血清AFP20μg·L~(-1))40例及血清AFP阳性肝细胞癌组(血清AFP≥20μg·L~(-1))60例,比较2组常规MRI征象(形态不规则、信号不均匀、坏死信号、病灶内伴发出血、病灶伴发转移、血管受侵)、增强MRI征象(快进快出、快进缓出、缓进缓出)、三期增强信号值差值(动脉期、门脉期、延迟期)、多b值磁共振弥散加权成像对应表观弥散系数(50、100、200、400、600、800 s/mm~2)、病理分化结果(高分化、中分化、低分化)。结果血清AFP阴性肝细胞癌组常规MRI征象占比均小于血清AFP阳性肝细胞癌组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。2组增强MRI征象相比较,缓进缓出占比差异无统计学意义(P0.05);血清AFP阴性肝细胞癌组快进快出占比小于血清AFP阳性肝细胞癌组,快进缓出占比大于血清AFP阳性肝细胞癌组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。2组三期增强信号值差值相比较,动脉期数值相接近,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);血清AFP阴性肝细胞癌组门脉期、延迟期均大于血清AFP阳性肝细胞癌组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。2组多b值磁共振弥散加权成像对应表观弥散系数随着b值的增加均呈现出下降趋势,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);血清AFP阴性肝细胞癌组均大于血清AFP阳性肝细胞癌组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。2组病理分化结果相比较,中分化占比差异无统计学意义(P0.05);血清AFP阴性肝细胞癌组高分化占比大于血清AFP阳性肝细胞癌组,低分化占比小于血清AFP阳性肝细胞癌组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论在血清AFP阴性肝细胞癌诊断中多模态MRI应用效果较好,可为鉴别血清AFP阴性及血清AFP阳性肝细胞癌提供可靠的影像学依据,具有临床推广应用价值。     

弥散张量成像及弥散张量纤维束在脊髓型颈椎病中的诊断价值

目的探讨MRI弥散张量成像(DTI)和弥散张量纤维束(DTT)对脊髓型颈椎病的诊断价值,为临床早期诊断提供依据。方法对30例健康人和129例临床综合诊断为脊髓型颈椎病患者,行颈椎常规序列MRI和颈髓弥散张量成像检查,重建分析弥散张量纤维束,比较正常组和颈椎病组同一水平ADC值、FA值测量结果。结果患者DTI图显示为正常蓝色的颈髓内出现小片状浅绿色异常信号(86.6%),或绿色异常信号(13.4%),测量结果显示颈椎病组的ADC值明显高于正常组,FA值明显低于正常组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。DTT可清晰、直观地观察到白质纤维束的异常表现,表现为受压32例(58.2%)、移位13例(23.6%),伴或不伴纤维束的中断5例(9%)。结论 DTI和DTT对评估颈椎病脊髓损伤具有重要诊断价值。     

经尿道汽化电切术联合经尿道电切术治疗高危晚期前列腺癌致后尿道梗阻27例

目的 总结经尿道汽化电切术(TUVP)联合经尿道电切术(TURP)对高危晚期前列腺癌致后尿道梗阻的治疗效果.方法 对27例高危晚期前列腺癌致后尿道梗阻患者采用TUVP联合TURP治疗.结果 切除前列腺组织10～55g,平均38.9 g.术后均一次性解除后尿道梗阻,最大尿流率从术前(5.8±3.0)mL/s升至(16.8±4.4)mL/s,残余尿从术前的(135.1±25.3)mL降至(20.2±6.4)mL.国际前列腺症状评分由术前的(23.5±5.5)分降至术后的(8.5±1.6)分.生活质量评分从术前(4.9±0.9)分降至术后的(1.5±0.8)分.术前术后各参数值比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 对于高危晚期前列腺癌患者,经TUIP联合TURP可有效、迅速改善后尿道梗阻症状,提高患者生活质量.     

虹鳟、银鲑及其杂交种血液指标的比较研究

测定了虹鳟Oncorhynchus mykiss、银鲑O.kisutch及其杂交种O.mykiss♀×O.kisutch♂(F1代)血液生理、生化以及流变学的指标,结果表明:虹鳟的红细胞压积(Hct)为(29.18±1.08)%,血红蛋白含量(Hb)为(101.85±3.53)g/L,红细胞数(RBC)为(1.14±0.04)×1012个/L,血浆渗透压(Osm)为(328.05±1.57)mosm/L,血浆纤维蛋白浓度(Fb)为(2.05±0.15)g/L,血浆黏度(ηp)和全血黏度(η5b.75、η4b6、η1b15、η2b30)分别为(1.86±0.034)、(8.91±0.49)、(6.77±0.37)、(6.45±0.32)、(6.25±0.74)mPa.s;银鲑的Hct为(29.15±0.96)%,Hb为(97.73±3.83)g/L,RBC为(1.11±0.04)×1012个/L,Osm为(314.89±1.09)mosm/L,Fb为(1.94±019)g/L,ηp、η5b.75、η4b6、η1b15和η2b30分别为(1.85±0.04)、(8.91±0.74)、(6.75±0.39)、(6.35±0.36)和(6.18±0.32)mPa.s;杂交种的Hct为(27.63±0.80)%,Hb为(85.78±2.83)g/L,RBC为(1.04±0.03)×1012个/L,Osm为(327.23±2.18)mosm/L,Fb为(2.16±0.13)g/L,ηp、ηb5.75、η4b6、η1b15和η2b30分别为(1.87±0.027)、(8.81±0.39)、(6.74±0.345)、(6.33±0.30)和(6.16±0.28)mPa.s。统计分析结果表明:影响全血黏度的共同因子有红细胞压积、红细胞聚集性和红细胞变形性,3种鱼全血黏度间的差异不显著,血浆黏度间差异不显著;红细胞聚集性相近,差异不显著;红细胞变形能力差异显著。     

Fast discrimination and counting of filled/unfilled rice spikelets based on bi-modal imaging

Spikelets per panicle and grains per panicle (also known as filled spikelets per panicle), directly contributing to rice yield, are two imperative traits that need to be evaluated in yield-related research. Current determination of total spikelet number and filled spikelet number are generally measured manually, which is tedious and subjective. This paper proposes a new method of counting total spikelets and filled spikelets simultaneously, based on automatic discrimination of filled and unfilled spikelets by combining visible light imaging and soft X-ray imaging. Visible light imaging was applied to measure the projected area of the spikelet hull, while soft X-ray imaging yielded the projected area of the inner brown rice kernel. The filling rate, defined as the area ratio of rice kernel to hull, was used to discriminate the filled and unfilled spikelets. 29 panicle samples were tested to evaluate the efficiency and accuracy. The results showed that the counting efficiency was approximately 2000 spikelets/min. The root mean squared error (RMSE) was 0.42 for total spikelet number and 0.77 for filled spikelet number. The mean absolute percentage errors (MAPE) were 0.22% and 0.80% for each, respectively. The method shows great potential in improving the efficiency of trait evaluation in plant breeding and genetic research, as well as serving for crop phenomics.     

MSCT三维技术在评价先天性耳聋中的应用

先天性耳聋是常见的出生缺陷,目前的诊断方法主要是依靠听力学检测及影像学检查.影像学检查能直观观察到病变位置、范围,为临床治疗选择恰当的治疗方案提供依据,本文主要综述多排螺旋CT（MSCT）在先天性耳聋中的应用及相关技术.     

凝视热成像系统仿真软件

现代高科技的发展离不开系统的理论指导及计算机模拟。通过研究热成像系统原理，用VC 语言编制了一个热成像系统仿真软件包。该软件包除了可以计算热成像系统包括MRTD，MTF，NETD，MDTD，视距等的静态性能参数外，还有一个非常创新的特点：它允许用户输入原始图像，在选定的热成像系统的作用下，用户可以得到被所选定的热成像系统任何模块（如大气、光学系统，探测器、电子学等）处理过的图像，真实直观地观察各个模块对图像的影响，这对热成像系统设计指导和分析有关更深的指导意义。     

凝视热成像系统仿真软件

现代高科技的发展离不开系统的理论指导及计算机模拟。通过研究热成像系统原理，用VC 语言编制了一个热成像系统仿真软件包。该软件包除了可以计算热成像系统包括MRTD，MTF，NETD，MDTD，视距等的静态性能参数外，还有一个非常创新的特点：它允许用户输入原始图像，在选定的热成像系统的作用下，用户可以得到被所选定的热成像系统任何模块（如大气、光学系统，探测器、电子学等）处理过的图像，真实直观地观察各个模块对图像的影响，这对热成像系统设计指导和分析有关更深的指导意义。     

Line-scan hyperspectral imaging system for real-time inspection of poultry carcasses with fecal material and ingesta

In poultry processing plants, fecal material and ingesta are the primary source of carcass contamination with microbial pathogens. The current practice of the poultry inspection in the United States is primarily human visual observations. Since the visual inspection is becoming more challenging in poultry processing plants adopting high-speed lines, a rapid sorting system could significantly improve the detection and monitoring of carcasses with surface fecal material and ingesta. As a result, we developed a prototype line-scan hyperspectral imaging system configured as a real-time multispectral imaging subsystem for online detection of surface fecal material and ingesta. Specifically, we integrated a commercially available off-the-shelf hyperspectral image camera into the system with two line lights and a custom software program for real-time multispectral imaging. The bottleneck of the imaging system was the data acquisition. For that reason, a multithreaded software architecture was designed and implemented not only to meet the application requirements such as speed and detection accuracy, but also to be customizable to different imaging applications such as systemic disease detection in the future. The image acquisition and processing speed tests confirmed the system could operate to scan poultry carcasses in commercial poultry processing plants. The fecal detection algorithm was based on the previous research using different hyperspectral imaging systems. A new carcass detection and image formation algorithm was developed to allow existing image processing and detection algorithms reusable without any modifications. Sixteen chicken carcasses and four different types of fecal and ingesta samples were used in a study to test the imaging system at two different speeds (140 birds per minute and 180 birds per minute) in a pilot-scale poultry processing facility. The study found that the system could grab and process three waveband images of carcasses moving up to 180 birds per minute (a line-scan rate 286 Hz) and detect fecal material and ingesta on their surfaces. The detection accuracy of the system varied between 89% and 98% with minimum false positive errors (less than 1%), depending on tested detection algorithms. Therefore, these findings provide the basis of not only a commercially viable imaging platform for fecal detection but also a single poultry inspection system for multiple tasks such as systemic disease detection and quality sorting.     

Detection of Fusarium damaged kernels in Canada Western Red Spring wheat using visible/near-infrared hyperspectral imaging and principal component analysis

Fusarium damage in wheat reduces the quality and safety of food and feed products. In this study, the use of hyperspectral imaging was investigated to detect fusarium damaged kernels (FDK) in Canadian wheat samples. Eight hundred kernels of Canada Western Red Spring wheat were segregated into three classes of kernels: sound, mildly damaged and severely damaged. Singulated kernels were scanned with a hyperspectral imaging system in the visible-NIR (400-1000 nm) wavelength range. Principal component analysis (PCA) was performed on the images and the distribution of PCA scores within individual kernels measured to develop linear discriminant analysis (LDA) models for predicting the extent of fusarium damage. An LDA model classified the wheat kernels into sound and FDK categories with an overall accuracy of 92% or better. Classification based on six selected wavelengths was comparable to that based on the full-spectrum data.     

2D—CDFI对诊断Ebstein畸形的价值（附15例分析）

报道我院１９８５年１０月至１９９５年３月发现的Ｅｂｓｔｅｉｎ畸形１５例，均经２ＤＥ和ＣＤＦＩ证实。其中１４例初诊均误诊为其它病。最后经２Ｄ－ＣＤＦＩ确诊。讨论本病的表现及超声特点，分析误诊的原因。     

基于高光谱成像技术的油菜叶片叶绿素含量预测

叶绿素是作物生长中的重要因素,可用于实时监测作物的生长状况。以常规高油酸油菜品种为材料,采用大田试验研究油菜叶片在不同栽培措施下幼苗期、蕾薹期叶片的光谱响应,通过计算反射光谱及其反射光谱的一阶导数与SPAD值的相关性,结合逐步回归挑选出油菜叶片敏感波段,并计算光谱指数。采用一元线性回归和神经网络建立叶绿素含量估算模型。结果表明,由光谱指数所构建的神经网络叶绿素估算模型,精度评价结果均显示比较高的水平,幼苗期反射率光谱指数构建的模型精度最高,决定系数R2为0807 0,均方根误差（RMSE）为1131 5,蕾薹期一阶导数光谱指数构建的模型精度最高,决定系数R2为 0873 2, 均方根误差（RMSE）为1322 3,在蕾薹期和幼苗期通过构建BP神经网络模型能够较好的对油菜叶绿素进行反演。为利用高光谱技术大范围监测油菜叶绿素含量提供了一定的理论依据。     

高血压前期红外热成像图像特征分析

目的 初步阐明高血压前期红外热成像特征,为高血压前期早期诊疗提供可视化依据。方法 随机选取岳阳市中医院治未病中心2015年3-6月体检的150例受检者,分为高血压前期组、高血压病组及健康志愿者组共3组,每组50例,采集各组研究对象头面部、心前区、背部红外热成像图像,并进行定性与定量分析。结果 高血压前期受检者头面部可见深红色图像,心前区见红黄夹杂图像;高血压组头面部可见深红色与白色夹杂图像,心前区可见红色不连续图像;高血压前期与高血压病组背部出现背带裤样偏红图像。定量研究结果显示,高血压前期受检者头面部平均温度显著低于高血压病组（P=0.004）,高于健康志愿者组（P=0.017）;心前区平均温度显著低于高血压病组（P<0.001）,高于健康志愿者组（P=0.010）。结论 高血压前期人群在头面部、心前区以及背部有其特定的红外热图,为高血压前期的早期诊疗提供可视化依据。     

病例讨论在兽医影像诊断学教学中的应用研究

病例讨论是将理论知识应用于实践教学中的重要学习方法之一.在兽医影像诊断学的教学过程中,将病例讨论纳入到课堂教学中,能够充分发挥学生的主观能动性,重视学生在教学中的主体地位.通过病例讨论,可为学生提供更多自主学习的机会,锻炼和培养学生发现问题、分析问题和解决问题的能力,并在讨论学习中提升学生对知识的理解和应用能力.