Advance in Spray Forming Technology and Its Prospect

Spray Forming technology gets involved with new materials preparation techniques in multiple domains such as powder metallurgy, fluent metal atomization, rapid cooling and non-equilibrium solidification. High performance alloy and metal matrix composite with high density, low oxygen content and microstructure featuring rapid solidification can be fabricated by spray forming. Spray forming, which is of short process flow, low cost, high deposition efficiency, flexible manufacture system, becomes a kind of near shape forming and rapid solidification technology with great prospect. Therefore the developing process history of spray forming technology is introduced and the current research and development status of spray forming technology in the fields of aluminum alloy, steel material, magnesium alloy, copper alloy and high temperature alloy and metal matrix composite is described. Multi-layer spray forming and in-situ reaction atomization spray forming are also discussed. In addition, evaluation and prospect for the technology are presented.     

热带亚热带地区8种旋花科植物的元素含量分析

摘要：对热带亚热带地区8种18个旋花科植物样的元素含量特征进行了分析,结果显示,平均含量＞1%的有N、K、Ca,0.2～0.5%的有S、Mg、P,0.01～0.05%的有Fe、Mn,＜0.01%的有Zn、B、Cu、Hg、Pb、As、Cr、Mo、Cd,其含量顺序为N＞K＞Ca＞S＞Mg＞P＞Fe＞Mn＞Zn＞B＞Cu＞Hg＞Pb＞As＞Cr＞Mo＞Cd;参考全国有机肥料品质四要素分级标准和全国有机肥料品质总分分级标准对参试样品的肥用价值进行评价,18个参试样品富含N、K,而P的含量居中下等水平,其中云南多花山猪菜达到一级标准;6个常量元素的变异系数在0.30～0.60之间,微量元素中除B、Cu的变异系数较低外（分别为0.40和0.48）,其余均在0.70以上,其中Pb、Mo、Cd的变异系数超过了1.00（分别为1.13、1.32、1.54）;N与P,Ca与S,Cr与Mo、Cd,Pb与Mo、Fe间呈显著的正相关,K与B,Pb与Cr、Mo间呈极显著的正相关, 而As与Cu,N与Mn,P与Cd、Mn间呈显著的负相关;72%的植物中B的含量极低,云南多花山猪菜和云南山猪菜中Cu的含量极低,广西百色市掌叶山猪菜的Mo含量极低（未检测出）,50%的植物中Mn的含量超标;用测试植物的元素含量与一般植物元素含量范围上限比值分析植物污染量时, 云南山猪菜、海南厚藤及虎脚牵牛的As含量,4个植物样的Cd含量,约61%的Cr含量,空心菜的Zn含量,云南掌叶山猪菜和广西五爪金龙的Pb含量比值大于1。     

Fine Microstructure of Novel Microdistortion Gear Steel

In order to reduce quench deformed of car gear, a new kind of microdistortion gear steel is developed and its fine microstructure is discussed by SEM. The results show that the tested steel can obtain carbide free bainitic ferritic laths with fine microstructure under air-cooling condition. The bainitic ferritic laths, sublaths and subunits are surrounded by retained austenite, which can insure the gear steel possesses high strength and toughness, the impact toughness has increased remarkably. The good mechanical performance of the steel can meet the service demands of the gear.     

重金属Cr6+、Mn2+污染对小麦幼苗生理生化特性及生长的影响研究

对不同浓度Cr6+、Mn2+处理的小麦种子萌发、小麦叶片叶绿素组成含量及SOD、POD酶活性的变化进行了研究。结果表明,低浓度处理(Cr6+浓度≤10 mg/L、Mn2+浓度≤8 mg/L)能够促进小麦种子萌发和生长,提高叶绿素含量及SOD、POD酶活性;但随着处理浓度的升高,Cr6+、Mn2+对小麦的抑制作用逐渐增强,毒害作用明显。     

城市快速扩张背景下城乡交错区土壤重金属的空间分布特征及影响因素分析

为揭示快速城市化对于城乡交错区土壤质量的影响,以福州市典型城乡交错区为对象,通过分析134个土壤样点中5种重金属元素(Cr、Mn、Cu、Pb、Zn)的含量,采用地统计学的方法研究城乡交错区土壤重金属空间分布特征,应用潜在生态危害指数开展土壤重金属污染评价,并用随机森林模型对其影响因素进行分析。结果表明：5种重金属元素在土壤中的空间变异较大,最大值在空间上不具叠加性。土壤中5种重金属元素潜在生态危害指数的平均值排序依次为：Pb>Cu>Cr>Mn>Zn,Pb和Cu的潜在生态危害指数最高,达到了强生态风险的程度。通过随机森林模型筛选出土壤中5种重金属的影响因素相对重要性,不同重金属受制的影响因素差异较大。研究结果为城市扩张过程中的土壤保护与利用提供参考建议。     

X-ray Diffraction Analysis of the 25Cr2MoVA Steel After Rapid Ion Nitriding

The surface phase constituent of the 25Cr2MoVA steel has been analysed after conventional and rapid ion nitridings.The relation between the tempered temperature and the phase constituent has been investigated.     

ICP-MS测定蜂花粉中12种微量元素含量的研究

为探讨电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)检测蜂花粉中微量元素的含量,并了解蜂花粉作为营养品的使用价值,采用ICP-MS测定浙江市场收集到的4种蜂花粉中钙、锰、铜、铁、锌、钼、硒等7种微量元素和铅、镉、铬、汞、砷等5种有害元素。运用SPSS 18.0软件对7种微量元素进行主成分分析,结果表明:钙、锰、铁这3种微量元素含量的差异性比较大,可以作为不同品种花粉之间区别的标志元素。有害元素铅的含量略高于或低于国家标准限量,镉、铬、汞、砷等4种有害元素含量比较低,有待安全限量标准的建立。     

火焰原子吸收光谱法对橄榄各器官微量元素含量的测定

用火焰原子吸收光谱法分析了6个橄榄品种各器官的Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn、Ni、Cr含量。结果表明：除Ni在种子中未检出外,所测6个元素在橄榄新叶、老叶、茎、果肉、种子、果核、根等器官中均有一定的分布;各微量元素在不同器官、不同植株以及不同品种之间存在一定的差异。所测橄榄品种各器官中的Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn、Ni的含量在一般植物体的正常含量范围之内,但Cr含量远远超出正常含量范围,表明橄榄是一种富集Cr植物;由于生物体的有机铬是有效的抗癌和降脂成分,因此橄榄超高含量的Cr可能与橄榄抗癌和去脂减肥药用作用密切相关。     

INVESTIGATION ON THE DITERMINATION OF LOW-VALENCE TITANIUM(II,III) IN SLAG CONTAINING A HIGH TITANIUM CONTENT

In this article a method is investigated for the determination of low-valence titanium in slag containing a high titanium content. The residue is dissolved using H2SO4-HF-H3PO4 after tMFe, Fe2O3 and the part of FeO are separated from sample with FeCl3-HCl, and NH4 Fe(SO4)2 is added to oxidate low titanium. Then the standard solution of K2Cr2O7 is used to tit-rat Fe2+ in sample solution. The method possesed with a advantage of simple rapid and good repeatability so that it can be used in the roution determination.     

山杜英枝叶花中金属元素的火焰原子吸收光谱法测定

旨在指导山杜英的生产栽培,为其园林绿化及其综合开发利用提供基础数据。通过火焰原子吸收光谱法分析山杜英15 个部位的K、Ca、Na、Mg、Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn、Cr、Ni 金属元素的含量,结果表明,所测10 种金属元素在山杜英的各部位均有一定的分布,其含量（平均值）高低顺序表现为：K＞Ca＞Mg＞Na＞Fe＞Mn＞Zn＞Ni＞Cr＞Cu。同一元素在山杜英15 个部位中的含量存在不同程度的差异。所测山杜英15个部位中的Ca、Mg、Mn、Zn的含量多数落在一般植物体的正常含量范围内,与一般植物相比,山杜英中Fe、Cr、Ni元素含量相对偏高,K、Na、Cu元素含量相对偏低。     

Identification of Cr-tolerant lines in a rice (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Oryza sativa</Emphasis>) DH population

Identification of Cr-tolerant lines in a rice DH population was conducted based on the modified weighted function analysis. The significant difference was found between the two parents and among DH population lines, with lines 117, 101 and parent ZYQ8 showing the high Cr tolerance, lines 41 and 49 showing Cr sensitivity. A dramatic difference also existed in Cr accumulation of plant tissues, with lines 19, 18 and 1, 5 having the minimum and maximum shoot Cr accumulation, respectively, and line 19, parent JX17 and lines 1, 56, ZYQ8 having the minimum and maximum root Cr accumulation, respectively. There was a significant difference in shoot/root ratio of Cr accumulation among the population, with line 18 and parent ZYQ8 ranking the tops and lines 109, 71, 19, parent JX17 ranking the bottoms. Zn uptake and accumulation was reduced when the plants were exposed to Cr stress. In addition, three QTLs were detected, which are, respectively, associated with Cr accumulation in shoot and root, and ratio of shoot to root.     

Smelting AlMnSi alloy by Using High-bearing Manganese Slag

First smelting MnSi alloy by using high-bearing manganese slag of BF by electric smelting process in a 25 kVA arc furnace in lab has been introduced. In order to increase the content of manganese and silicon in MnSi alloy , a little amount of MgO is added into the slag and the lower alkalinity has been adapted. Then smelting AlMnSi alloy using MnSi alloy containing high silicon that obtained by experiments and waste Al with an induction furnace has been studied. The controlling of temperature is the key in smelting process. The high quality AlMnSi alloy has been obtained successfully,Which can be extensively used for the compound oxygen removal agent for making steel and the metal alloy additive.     

优化石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定梨中重金属元素

采用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法(GFAAS)测定梨中的Cu,Cd,Pb,Mn元素。通过试验对实验参数进行了优化。在测定镉和铅时以NH4H2PO4为基体改进剂,提高了测定的灰化温度,消除了基体干扰。试验研究了灰化温度和原子化温度对吸光值的影响,试验结果表明,测定Cu,Cd,Pb,Mn元素的最佳条件为:灰化温度分别为500,300,700,900℃,原子化温度分别为2 400,1 600,2 300,2 300℃。在常压微沸下,采用HNO3—H2SO4(体积比5∶1)混酸消解梨样品。在最佳测定条件下,测得梨中的Cu,Cd,Pb,Mn含量分别为(1.264±0.135),(0.441±0.008),(0.048±0.001),(3.310±0.046)mg/kg,方法的加标回收率为96.0%~103.9%,相对标准偏差RSD为1.28%~3.05%(n=8)。试验结果令人满意,测定方法简便、快速、灵敏度高。     

稻瘟病菌生理小种消长动态及其变异的研究

1981～1990连续10年进行稻瘟病菌生理小种类群及分布的研究,先后对总计435个菌株鉴定为7群12～18个小种。在明确各地区小种分布的同时,确定各地优势小种一直为ZG群,与生产上栽培品种抗性保持相对稳定的情况相一致。用日本单基因品种对多数菌株进行致病力测定,具有Pi—Z~t,Pi—b,Pi—ta,Pi—ta~2,Pi—K~m基因型的品种致病率较低,对其它基因型品种致病率较高。稻瘟病菌变异的研究表明,从不同地区,不同品种的穗颈稻瘟病斑上分离的单孢,接种鉴定所属小种有差异;同一病斑上多次继代分离的单孢,其生理小种差异也很大。由此证明稻瘟病菌生理小种有很大变异性。     

利用CRISPR/Cas9技术编辑水稻温敏不育基因TMS5

Thermo-sensitive genic male-sterile (TGMS) gene tms5 is most widely used in the two-line hybrid breeding system in China. To develop novel rice thermo-sensitive male sterile lines, we knocked out the TMS5 genes of six elite japonica and four indica rice varieties by using CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology. By analyzing the critical sterility-inducing temperature (CIST) of the newly TGMS lines, it was found that the CIST of japonica TGMS lines ZG75S, CYGS, YG0618S, ZG07S, T0361S, and 7679S were between 28°C and 32°C, the CIST of indica TGMS lines 2537S, 6150S and 6379S were between 24°C and 28°C, and the CIST of indica TGMS line 1109S was lower than 23.5°C. These results indicated that the CIST of tms5 mutant from different genetic background materials was different. The TGMS lines with lower CIST could be obtained by knocking out the TMS5 from different genetic background materials. A hybrid rice combination 1109S/8048 had high quality and high yield. The yield of 1109S/8048 was 13.1% higher than that of Fengliangyou 4. The creation of the TGMS 1109S and the high-yield cross combination 1109S/8048 provides a new way for high-yield breeding.     

矮牡丹体内无机元素分布规律的研究

采用原子吸收分光光度法测定了山西永济矮牡丹体内的K，Mg，Mn，Fe，Ni，Cu，Zn，Cd，Cr，Pb等10种元素。分析了无机元素在植物体内的分布规律及矮牡丹对土壤的富集能力。结果表明，无机元素在植物体现人的含量大多以叶、根为最多，叶柄中最少，矮牡丹对必需元素K，Mg，Fe，Cu，Zn有较强的吸收富集能力，但对有害的重金属元素Cd，Pd吸收也较大。元素间相关分析表明，Cd，Cr，Mn，Ni，Pb，Cu，Fe，Zn都有较好的相关，而K，Mg与Cu，Fe，Zn的相关不显著。此外，对植物体内元素含量与其生境土壤中元素含量进行回归分析，结果表明，土壤与植物、植物体内各部位之间都表现出明显的正相关关系。     

DEVELOPMENT OF PM VALVE SEAT INSERTS USED IN JL462Q ENGINE

A process to develop the valve seat inserts in JL462Q engine is studied. The material is an iron-based alloy without Cr. The results show that the microstructures and properties of the product are as good as those of the product made in Japan. The effects of Mo. Ni. Co. Cu etc. in the alloy are also discussed respectively.     

不同基质浸提液对蔬菜种子萌发的影响

将蛭石、草炭、沙、炉渣灰按不同体积比配制成7种基质,测定了基质的性质,研究了基质浸提液对韭菜、番茄和黄瓜种子萌发的影响。结果表明,基质浸提液对早期幼苗的根长有显著影响,但对韭菜和黄瓜的种子发芽率和发芽指数无显著影响。     

铬胁迫下三种基因型小麦萌发和抗氧化酶差异的研究

采用3种不同基因型小麦品种(新麦19、矮抗58和豫麦18),对其进行萌发期不同浓度Cr2(SO4)3胁迫处理.研究幼苗的发芽势、发芽率、根长、芽长、叶绿素、根系活力、MDA含量,以及抗氧化酶的变化.结果表明:随Cr浓度的增加,发芽势、发芽率和芽长均基本呈"先升后降"趋势;同一浓度Cr处理下,发芽率、发芽势和芽长均表现为新麦19>矮抗58>豫麦18,根长为豫麦18>新麦19>矮抗58;150 mg/L的Cr胁迫下,小麦幼芽叶绿素含量、幼根根系活力降低,MDA含量升高;随Cr浓度的升高,幼芽SOD、POD活性升高;SOD、POD活性在新麦19中变幅最小.     

龙船花各器官中金属元素的火焰原子吸收光谱法测定

通过火焰原子吸收光谱法对龙船花各部位的K、Ca、Na、Mg、Fe、Mn、Zn、Cu、Cr、Ni的含量进行测定分析,为龙船花的生产实践及综合开发利用提供基础数据。结果表明,10种金属元素在各部位中的含量（平均值）高低顺序为：K＞Ca＞Na＞Mg/Fe＞Zn＞Mn＞Cu＞Cr＞Ni。同种元素在龙船花各部位的含量存在不同程度的差异。所测龙船花各部位中的Na、Ca、Fe、Cu、Zn、Ni的含量多数在一般植物体的正常含量范围内,K、Mg和Mn元素含量略低于一般植物含量,Cr元素含量略高于一般植物含量。