GENERALIZED EXTENSIVE IDIOPATHIC PULMONARY OSSIFICATON IN A DOG: A CASE REPORT

A 9-year-old dog was presented with generalized extensive pulmonary mineralization associated with exertional dyspnea and cyanosis. The differential diagnosis for the pulmonary mineralization included metastaticand dystrophic pulmonary calcification, atypical pulmonary neoplasia, alveolar microlithiasis, idiopathic pulmonary mineralization, and idiopathic pulmonary ossification. The dog was euthanized at the owner's request. The histologic diagnosis was idiopathic pulmonary ossification. No previous report of generalized extensive idiopathic pulmonary ossification was found. Idiopathic pulmonary ossification occurs in man, usually involves a limited area of lung, and is functionally unimportant. The pulmonary ossification in the dog reported here was generalized and associated with severe pulmonary dysfunction. The disease in man and that in the dog in this report do not appear to be directly comparable.     

A phaeochromocytoma in a Lhasa Apso dog

This report describes a case of phaeochromocytoma in an intact male Lhasa Apso dog of nearly 10 years old. The dog was suffering from acute lethargy and vomiting. After a successfully performed surgery and concurrent medication, to restore a temporary Addison s disease, the dog is doing clinically well six months later without any remaining symptoms.     

HEMANGIOSARCOMA IN THE MAIN PULMONARY ARTERY OF A DOG

The clinical, radiological and necropsy findings in a five-year old dog with a hemangiosarcoma in the main pulmonary artery are described. Hemangiosarcoma in this location has not been previously described in the dog, the typical location in the heart being the right atrium and auricle. The tumor in this dog caused both a perfusion deficit to the right lung and obstruction of right ventricular outflow, which eventually caused right heart failure.     

STILBOESTROL TOXICITY IN A DOG

A case of stilboestrol toxicity is described in a dog which was treated for prostatic hyperplasia with stilboestrol dipropionate (10 mg) daily for 5 days. An initial anaemia and thrombocytopaenia of 19,500/microliters was recorded on day 11, and a severe leukocytosis of 125,300/microliters on day 15 was followed by a precipitous drop to 8,400/microliters on day 21. The dog received antibiotic treatment for concurrent peritonitis and prostatitis/cystitis between days 7 and 15. The dog died on day 41 with marrow aplasia.     

PRIMARY CHONDROSARCOMA IN THE PULMONARY ARTERY OF A DOG

A 5-year-old cross-bred dog was examined with an 8-week history of coughing and a 3-week history of collapsing during exercise. Thoracic radiography revealed moderate right-sided cardiomegaly and a partially mineralized area over the dorsocranial heart base. Echocardiography demonstrated moderate eccentric and concentric right ventricular hypertrophy and a hypoechoic mass in the main pulmonary artery. The owners declined further investigations and the dog died at home 4 days later. Postmortem revealed a primary pulmonary artery chondrosarcoma. This is the first case report of a pulmonary artery chondrosarcoma in a dog and presents another differential diagnosis of syncope in the dog.     

A case report of canine protothecosis

A 10-year-old spayed mongrel dog was referred with repeated intercurrent hematochezia and anal bleeding. The dog was vigorous and had a normal appetite, and the fecal test showed no abnormal signs. Despite treatment primarily with sulfasalazine, the condition did not improve and unilateral blindness developed. A Prototheca zopfii infection was identified by further examination with bowel culture on Sabouraud's agar without cyclohexane and antibiotics. Subsequent to a vision loss in the other eye, the dog died showing signs of neurological disorder.     

A thymoma as a cause of oesophageal obstruction in a dog

A case of oesophageal obstruction in a dog was caused by an intraluminal, pedunculated thymoma. The tumour was surgically excised and, eventually, the dog made a full recovery. Two days after being discharged from hospital, the dog developed acute myositis involving the temporal muscles which responded, without untoward sequelae, to steroid therapy.     

BRONCHOCUTANEOUS FISTULA IN A DOG

A dog with a bronchocutaneous fistula is described. Contrast enhanced computed tomography was useful for diagnosis and treatment of the fistula in this dog.     

A dog with acute myelomonocytic leukemia

A three-year-old dog with marked leukocytosis, lymphadenopathy, and diarrhea showed an increase in unidentified blasts in the peripheral blood, and they were proliferated in the bone marrow. The dog was diagnosed with myelomonocytic leukemia (M4) because the blast cells were demonstrated by cytochemical staining to be both myeloid and monocytic cells. Although the dog was treated with a multi-combination chemotherapy and induction therapy using vitamin K2, it died on day 47 after the first admission. This case is the first report of M4 in Japan.     

ASYSTOLE ASSOCIATED WITH IOHEXOL MYELOGRAPHY IN A DOG

This is areport of a 10-year-old female neutered Doberman Pinscher with a clinical diagnosis of myelopathy. The dog was anesthetized using oxymorphone, thiopental, and halothane in oxygen for a cerebrospinal tap and a myelogram. Iohexsal injection into the subarachnoid space by lumbar puncture was uneventful. Additional iohexal was given into the cerebellomjedullary cistern. Immediately following iohexal administration into the cerebellomedullary cistern, several electrocardiographic changes occurred. Two extended periods of asystole responded to intravenous glycopyrrolate administration. A slow multiform ventricular escape rhythm was established after the second dose of glycopyrrolate. Ultimately, atrial activity with apparent A V dissociation resumed, atrial fibrillation developed, and the rhythm converted to normal sinus rhythm. The dog had a normal cardiac examination the following day. Two days later, the dog was anesthetized using a similar anesthetic regimen with maintance on isoflurane in oxygen for a hemilaminectomy. The dog recovered uneventfully from surgery and was discharged 2 days later.     

A high fiber diet responsive case in a poodle dog with long-term plant eating behavior

An 11-year-old, castrated male Miniature Poodle dog was referred due to daily plant eating followed by vomiting for 7 years. Each time the dog went out for a walk, he had been munched grass, and then vomited. There were no abnormal findings on medical examinations. Through behavior examination and consultation, we diagnosed this dog as having a plant eating problem. Because we assumed that the dog had eaten plants to supply of dietary deficiency or relieve digestive problems, advised the owner to discontinue supplying previous diet and to feed high-fiber diet. On the follow up, the owner said that the dog had not eaten plants and vomited from 3 days after initial dietary change. The dog has not shown any clinical signs for 13 months. This clinical finding shows a possibility that deficient diet, especially fiber, relates to the plant eating behavior of a dog.     

A case of dumb rabies and trypanosomiasis in an eight-week-old puppy

An eight-week-old male puppy affected with trypanosomiasis and dumb rabies was presented at the University of Nigeria Veterinary Hospital. The dog had a septic wound on the side of the face. The clinical signs suggested trypanosomiasis and this diagnosis was confirmed by laboratory examination. After treatment with Berenil and antibiotics, the puppy apparently recovered, but a week later became anorectous and recumbent. Dumb rabies was suspected and the dog died in a quarantine kennel less than 24 hours later. Negri bodies were detected in brain smears from the dog and a mouse inoculation test was performed to confirm the diagnosis. Dumb rabies poses serious public health hazards to dog owners and their families, as well as to those occupationally exposed to dogs.     

A case of fatal anaphylaxis in a dog associated with a dexamethasone suppression test

Objective: To describe a case of fatal anaphylaxis in a dog associated with a ‘routine’ dexamethasone suppression test. Case summary: An 8‐year‐old, spayed female dog, was treated with parenteral dexamethasone for a diagnosis of immune‐mediated thrombocytopenia. The dog had responded to treatment, but 9 months later was evaluated for endogenous hyperadrenocorticism, prior to surgery for a ruptured anterior cruciate ligament. A normal ACTH stimulation test was followed by a high‐dose dexamethasone suppression test. Immediately following the intravenous injection of dexamethasone, the dog developed severe anaphylactic shock and died. The postmortem examination findings supported the diagnosis of anaphylaxis. New information provided: The anaphylaxis in this dog was fulminating and by‐passed the usual early signs of drug hypersensitivity. This is the first case in the veterinary literature reporting on dexamethasone as the cause of this dog's catastrophic event.     

A possible predisposition to dilated cardiomyopathy in Huntaway dogs

AIM: To compare the prevalence of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) in New Zealand Huntaway dogs with the prevalence of DCM in other breeds of dog. METHODS: The necropsy database at Massey University was used to identify cases of DCM diagnosed between January 1999 and March 2006. Dogs were considered to have DCM if echocardiographic, gross necropsy, or histological findings were consistent with this diagnosis. The prevalence in Huntaways was then compared with the prevalence observed in all breeds of dog, as well as the prevalence observed in large breeds of dog. RESULTS: Twelve dogs were identified with DCM. One was diagnosed using echocardiography, while the other 11 were diagnosed by gross necropsy examination. The gross diagnosis of DCM was confirmed histologically in 6/11 dogs. The prevalence of DCM in Huntaways was significantly higher than the prevalence seen in all breeds of dog (p=0.008), and the prevalence in large breeds of dog (p=0.025). All four Huntaways diagnosed with DCM were male, and had an average age of 4 years. Three dogs presented with symptoms attributable to impaired heart function while one presented with symptoms of chronic renal failure. The duration of clinical symptoms prior to presentation ranged between 1 day and 3 weeks. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study suggest that Huntaways may be predisposed to the development of DCM. Although the increased prevalence in this breed was significant, only small numbers of affected Huntaways were identified, and additional cases are required to confirm these preliminary findings. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Huntaways are the most common working dog in New Zealand. The premature loss of a working dog is expected to have a significant economic impact on farmers. Further investigation of DCM in Huntaways may allow measures to reduce the prevalence in this breed.     

ERYTHROCYTE APLASIA IN A DOG

Erythrocyte aplasia was diagnosed in a 6-year-old dog which had severe non-regenerative anaemia with depletion of erythroid cells in the bone marrow but normal production of granulocytes and platelets. Treatment with blood transfusions, testosterone and dexamethasone was unsuccessful. The dog died 46 days after initial examination as a result of anaemia, transfusion reactions, and toxaemia from an ascending urinary tract infection.     

A Surgical Approach to the Canine Olfactory Bulb for Meningioma Removal

Olfactory bulb lesions were diagnosed in four dogs presented for generalized seizure disorders. Surgery was performed on each dog using a transfrontal craniotomy. A free fascial-fat graft was used to cover the dural defect resulting from surgery. No major complications were observed during the immediate postoperative period. The histopathologic diagnosis in each case was meningioma. Generalized seizures recurred in all dogs, and three dogs were euthanized for this reason from 9 to 29 weeks postoperatively. One dog was euthanized 12 weeks after surgery due to pancreatitis and pneumonia. Necropsy showed that two dogs had recurrent olfactory bulb meningiomas, one dog had a meningioma of the opposite olfactory bulb, and one dog was tumor free.     

FATAL MEDIASTINAL HEMORRHAGE IN A DOG

Rapidly fatal mediastinal hemorrhage in a previously healthy dog is described. The lesion was manifest radiographically by widening of the dorsal mediastinum. Although the exact origin of hemorrhage was not identified, it is hypothesized that one or more dorsal intercostal arteries were ruptured when the dog ran to an abrupt stop at the end of a long chain.     

A possible predisposition to dilated cardiomyopathy in Huntaway dogs

AIM: To compare the prevalence of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) in New Zealand Huntaway dogs with the prevalence of DCM in other breeds of dog.

METHODS: The necropsy database at Massey University was used to identify cases of DCM diagnosed between January 1999 and March 2006. Dogs were considered to have DCM if echocardiographic, gross necropsy, or histological findings were consistent with this diagnosis. The prevalence in Huntaways was then compared with the prevalence observed in all breeds of dog, as well as the prevalence observed in large breeds of dog.

RESULTS: Twelve dogs were identified with DCM. One was diagnosed using echocardiography, while the other 11 were diagnosed by gross necropsy examination. The gross diagnosis of DCM was confirmed histologically in 6/11 dogs. The prevalence of DCM in Huntaways was significantly higher than the prevalence seen in all breeds of dog (p=0.008), and the prevalence in large breeds of dog (p=0.025). All four Huntaways diagnosed with DCM were male, and had an average age of 4 years. Three dogs presented with symptoms attributable to impaired heart function while one presented with symptoms of chronic renal failure. The duration of clinical symptoms prior to presentation ranged between 1 day and 3 weeks.

CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study suggest that Huntaways may be predisposed to the development of DCM. Although the increased prevalence in this breed was significant, only small numbers of affected Huntaways were identified, and additional cases are required to confirm these preliminary findings.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Huntaways are the most common working dog in New Zealand. The premature loss of a working dog is expected to have a significant economic impact on farmers. Further investigation of DCM in Huntaways may allow measures to reduce the prevalence in this breed.     

雄犬尿道插管技术

在兽医临床上,尿道插管术是常用的操作技术之一,用于冲洗膀胱与尿道,根治炎症;导流尿液,规避感染;提供尿道支撑,防止闭塞等。但雄犬因尿道解剖与生理的特殊性,插管比较困难。反复操作必然给犬带来很多痛苦,而且容易损伤尿道黏膜,出现并发症。现有资料对雄犬尿道插管技术的介绍并不多见。笔者在研究雄犬尿道解剖结构与生理特点的基础上,结合临床实践经验,总结了雄犬尿道插管的实际操作技术,并详细分析了插管过程、导尿管留置期间和更换导尿管时应注意的问题及处理方法,以期为临床上科学地应用导尿管及开展泌尿外科动物试验提供一些帮助。     

SUSPECTED DRUG-INDUCED THROMBOCYTOPENIA ASSOCIATED WITH LEVAMISOLE THERAPY IN A DOG

The development of petechial haemorrhages was observed in a dog being treated with levamisole hydrochloride for dirofilariasis. Thrombocytopenia and evidence of depressed thrombocyte production were apparent concurrently. The dog recovered without specific therapy.