Optimization of Urban Opening Space Pattern Based on Landscape Ecology

City is a spatial synthesis which consists of various buildings and urban opening space.With the developing of the urbanization,the urban planning will directly influence the sustainable development of a city,and the optimization of the urban zone pattern is the main section of the urban planning.The urban opening space is the main part of the urban landscape with important eco-function.Due to its flexibility,the urban opening space is becoming the object of the urban landscape pattern.In this study,some ecological problems during urban development were discussed,and a series of strategies of urban opening space pattern optimization have been put forward based on landscape planning theories.     

From Lujiazui in Shanghai to New East Area in Chongqing--An exploration on Urban Land Use Form Oriented by the Public Traffic

To develop the public traffic and setup a city form coordinated with the development of the public traffic has become a common sense in the full achievement of the city sustainable development. Due to the particularity of the exploration procedure and some difficulties in urban development, the policy on developing public traffic has not been realized in our country. Now it is on edge to solve these problems, particularly in the new area of development. In this article, the authors intend to find a practical way of establishing a ciity development mode with adapting the public traffic development by contrasting Lujiazui new area in Shanghai and the new east area in Chongqing.     

The State and Optimization Countermeasures of Urban Land -use in China

Urban land -use is closely related to urban development. A new trend and some problems in urban land- use appeared along with accelerated urbanization in China. The trend characterized with a large in- crease in the amount of urban land demand, the rise of the ratio of urban common land to total urban area and the elevation of urban land income. The problems mostly included a severe conflict between supply and demand of urban land, extensive land - use, a weak market - force in urban land resources allocation. Based on above analysis, the optimization countermeasures, which included intensive land - use, land - use structure optimization, exploitation of leave unused land in cities, and land - market construction, were put forward for promoting rational utilization of urban land and sustainable development of urban economy.     

The Public Participation in the Urban Planning

The policy of public participation in urban planning was first practiced in Europe in the 1960s. After 40 years of development, the policy has become the essential step of city planning in Western countries where as is just at the elementary step in China. For the purpose of knowing the situation about the policy performing in local cities and discussing the feasibility of public participation in urban planning, several kinds of investigation have been done. From the investigation, it is found that although the public participation has already been the important step of urban planning in some city during just several years,there are still many problems. This paper shows a panorama view of this issue. Th describe the future of public participation in e authors will offer some solutions according to the problems and the urban planning.     

Ecological Construction of Urban Green Landscape in Chongqing City

The urban green landscape in Chongqing was analyzed from the view of landscape ecology. It was believed that the urban green landscape was developed rapidly in recent years, but there are still some problems existed, including mainly: (1) the structure of green landscape was unreasonable, (2) the quality of green patches was low, and (3) the function of green corridors was incomplete. It is pointed out that in some urban regions there were lack of green patches, furthermore, some patches were isolated from each other due to lack of green corridors. In the last, taking account of the foundational theory about patch and corridor, some aspects for the design of urban green landscape in Chongqing were proposed: connecting the river and road green corridors and increasing the green patches at the ecological strategic points.     

Urban Design for Continuity of the Urban Context: A Case Study of Landscape Conceptual Design on Both Banks of the Tuojiang River in Luzhou, P. R. China

Luzhou is a famous wine country and a historical city in P. R. China. Insuring the continuity of urban context is an effective method for creating a distinctive image of a city. Considering the authenticity, sustainable development, enforceability and regional differences of urban contexts, it is an appropriate way to extract the original urban context and adopt a proper design method that combines humanized nature, material culture, and intangible culture to form an area with cultural atmosphere on both banks of the Tuojiang River.     

Analysis on Economic Cost for Urban Development--A Case Study on Chongqing Municipality

Economic argumentation for urban development should be the foundation of urban planning,because the economic development is the basis of urban development.In this paper,the connotation,types and composition of the economic costs of urbanization are discussed and the economic costs of urbanization in Chongqing municipality are calculated according to its economic and social development.On this basis,the future level of urbanization is calculated in the light of the economic capabilities to bring along development of urbanization in Chongqing municipality and the demand of funds for urban development in the future is calculated according to the economic costs of urbanization in Chongqing municipality.     

Research on the Urban Agriculture Planning Models of Metropolis:A Case Study of Chengdu

With the accelerating urbanization, ecological environment of the city has attracted increasing attention, so the resulting problems have become key research focuses in all countries. Against this background, urban agriculture has been applied as one of the effective approaches for relieving urbanization. From the perspective of industrial form of urban agriculture, planning models of urban agriculture were explored, industrial form and planning model of Chengdu urban agriculture were analyzed to forecast its development prospects. Multi-dimensional development, and sustainable development measures were given to guarantee the sustainable development of urban agriculture.     

Sustainable Spatial Growth Model Study in Middle-small Scale Urban Agglomeration

Based on the study of economy development background and character in JINHUA region, with the analysis of six classical spatial growth models and the elaboration of evolution process in JINHUA urban agglomeration, the authors think a sustainable spatial growth model should be as the following forms, some cities were polycentricities, some were sole-core compact cities, and the whole was polycentric urban region.     

城市文化主题公园景观设计探析

城市文化主题公园的建设是诠释城市文化形象、地域特色、生态环境的重要途径。简述城市文化主题公园建设意义,总结了城市文化主题公园景观设计原则与特性,并结合宝鸡市周礼文化主题公园景观营造的实例进行梳理和分析,探讨文化内涵和公园本体景观营造在文化主题公园中的灵魂和核心地位,对中国中小城市主题公园开发、特色建设以及可持续发展提供创新思路,对其文化主题公园文化表达及景观营造具有理论价值和现实作用。     

Correlation Analysis of Digital City and Urban Sustainable Development

Digital city and its sustainable development is the new vision on city civilization in the 21st century, which will greatly change the life conception, style and level of the people. The relationship of Digital City and sustainable development will affect the orientation and speed of worldwide economic development. The concepts and the relationship of Digital City and sustainable development are analyzed and their harmony and collision are studied in this paper. It suggests that Digital City is an important component of Digital Earth and a result of new technology revolution as well as the inherent necessity to the implementation of sustainable development. Digital City and sustainable development will be vested with new connotations with the development of the city.     

Status Quo and Development Prospects of Vertical Greening in Urban Districts of Chongqing City

On the basis of investigating vertical greening in urban districts of Chongqing City, major problems were analyzed, dominant greening patterns were summarized, and major plant species suitable for the vertical greening of urban districts in Chongqing City were given. On this basis, key technologies and development prospects of the vertical greening were explored.     

Study on Road Greening in the Main Urban Area of Chongqing City Based on Plant Diversity

The greening situation of 242 road greenbelts in 7 administrative regions in the main urban city of Chongqing City was investigated by field survey, and the plant composition, application frequency, species richness and diversity of plants used for road greening in the main urban area were analyzed. The results show that there were 105 species of plants used for road greening(not including seasonal flowers displayed temporarily) in the main urban area of Chongqing City, belonging to 80 genera, 47 families. Among them, there were 95 species of woody plants and 10 species of perennial herbs, accounting for 90.47% and 9.53% of the total number respectively. Some suggestions were put forward according to the current situation and problems of road greening in the main urban area of Chongqing City.     

生态理念指导下的城市总体规划探析

综述了生态理念在国内外城市规划领域的发展过程以及实践活动,指出中国几十年来城市规划中存在忽视生态承载力研究、城市生态格局的构建和城市生态工业合理布局3个有关生态方面的问题,探讨了生态承载力的有限性、生态承载力弹性和生态足迹在城市总体规划中的应用,在景观生态格局理论和国内外城市绿地布局实践基础上总结了城市绿地布局的5种模式,在城市生态工业布局中比较深入的分析和探讨了都市型工业和一般工业在城市规划中的布局问题。     

Simple Analysis of the Thermal Environment in Chongqing

There are a series of city environmental problems especially in the mountain city along with the city fast development. In recent decade, many scholars have studied the urban heat island, the urban temperature, the urban wind field, the precipitation and the urban visibility etc. But the urban thermal environment has not been settled radically. All the measures have not been used in the practice. And the researches in thermal environment of the mountain cities are very few. So the authors consider Chongqing as the researching object. Chongqing is one of the typical mountain cities in the semi-tropical. Sequentially we find out the characteristic of the thermal environment in the mountain city. Further the authors seek for the measures to plan and build ecological city. They conclude that CFD can be used in the simulation of urban environment, and use the result of simulation in urban planning is possible. The thermal environment in the center of Chongqing needs to be improved.     

On the Development of Urban Spatial Structure in the Information Age

Today the information globalization is the trend of society development. The information technology has great influence not only on the mode of life and production, but also on the urban social and economic structure. In order to fit in with the change in this regard, the urban land-use distribution, residential mode, traffic pattern and so on should be changed correspondingly. Therefore, this change will lead to the development and evolution of whole urban spatial structure. In this paper, the development tendency of urban spatial structure in the information age is analyzed and some proposals on city planning and construction are put forward.     

城市空间增长效应评价方法——以重庆市为例

在城市空间快速增长背景下,开展城市空间增长效应评价研究,有助于解决城市空间增长中出现的问题,可为确定城市空间发展战略、制定空间发展政策提供依据。城市空间增长效应评价方法旨在定量、客观地判断城市空间增长过程中要素配置与运行是否合理、高效和公平。笔者建立了结构配置效应、经济配置效应和公平配置效应3个方面的评价体系,通过目标法对城市空间增长效应进行评价,得出空间增长效应评价函数。以重庆市为例进行实证分析,结果显示：重庆市2004-2013年间的城市空间增长效应总体呈上升发展趋势,结构性、公平性趋好;合理配置效应和经济配置效应波动显著,反映出城市建设面临的用地结构优化、用地效率提升等方面的问题。     

长沙市土地利用生态风险及评价

摘要：城市生态环境问题已成为制约城市可持续发展的重要问题,土地利用变化是城市生态环境改变的重要因素。长沙市作为中部经济发达、人口众多的大城市,其工业化和城市化的发展速度很快。强烈的土地需求对土地利用的强度、方式、规模、布局等造成了深远的影响,同时也对城市生态环境造成强烈的冲击,生态安全受到严重威胁。本文引入城市土地利用生态风险评价的概念,分析长沙市土地利用现状,阐述城市土地利用生态风险产生的原因,识别与土地利用相关的生态环境问题,综合运用主成分分析,K均值聚类等方法,建立了土地利用生态风险评价模型,分析和评价长沙市土地利用生态风险。结果发现该区所研究时段土地利用生态风险总体上变大,土地利用生态风险值从1996年的-0.85286（Ⅴ）,变为2006年的1.321039（Ⅰ）,期间变化波动明显,风险值在1996-1999年和2003-2006年趋于上升,2000-2002年趋于下降。根据此评价结论提出一系列规避和应对生态风险,协调城市土地利用与生态环境的对策。     

建筑外环境园林植物种植设计研究——以延安市区为例

建筑外环境园林植物种植是改善城市建设和生态环境的重要举措。从提升城市生态品味的角度,探索建筑外环境园林植物的种植,对同类型城市建设有一定的借鉴意义。文章以延安市建筑外环境园林植物种植为例,在对延安市建筑外环境园林植物种植的现状和存在的问题调研的基础上,提出适合延安市建筑外环境园林植物种植的思路和对策。     

Plan and market mismatch: Urban redevelopment in Beijing during a period of transition

Abstract: With the emergence of the real estate market since 1990, the operation Beijing's economy has led to a re‐shaping of its inner city. By reviewing the Old and Dilapidated Housing Redevelopment (ODHR) programme in Beijing in the 1990s, this paper seeks to uncover the forces that led to the prevailing large‐scale urban redevelopment which induced serious environmental and socio‐economic problems. By analysing conflicts between major stakeholders of the ODHR programme, the paper finds that the root cause of these problems was embedded in the ‘mismatch of plan and market’ by which local officials and local developers utilised their privileges inherited from a planned economy to benefit from the emerging real estate markets. As a result, the hidden agenda of local elites was facilitated during the urban redevelopment process.