内蒙古白绒山羊冷冻精液生产过程分析与研究

内蒙古白绒山羊具有产绒量高,对干旱地区适应性强,毛质、肉质和板皮都优良的特点.全身被毛洁白,光泽良好,分内外两层,外层为长粗毛,内层为细绒.体质结实,结构匀称,背腰平直,后躯稍高,四肢端正,面部清秀,鼻梁微凹,眼大有神,两耳向两侧开展或半垂,有前额毛和下颌须.公母羊均有角,向后上、外向伸展,呈倒"八字"字型.尾巴短而小,向上翘立.终年放牧,冬、春小量补饲饲草料.内蒙古白绒山羊成年公羊绒层厚度65 mm,产绒量750 g,抓绒体重42 kg;成年母羊绒层厚度50 mm,产绒量500 g,抓绒后体重30 kg;周岁公羊绒层厚度45 mm,产绒量420 g,抓绒后体重25 kg;周岁母羊绒层厚度45 mm,产绒量400 g,抓绒后体重20 kg.绒毛细度14.16 μm,毛长度平均为17.5 cm和13.5 cm,净绒率高,肉质鲜美,屠宰率为45%;母羊产羔率为105%以上.     

罕山白绒山羊生产性能测定报告

对内蒙古扎鲁特旗罕山白绒山羊2016年生产性能进行了测定,并与1995年品种验收时数据进行对比,其主要性能指标绒厚度、产绒量、体重与1995年品种验收时数据相比提高显著。其中,绒厚度:成年公、母羊分别为9.31 cm和6.98 cm,提高55.17%和26.91%;产绒量:成年公、母羊分别为1385.86 g和831.75 g,提高83.87%和66.22%;体重:成年公、母羊分别为64.94 kg和45.08 kg,提高40.41%和48.39%;绒细度:成年公、母羊分别为14.97μm和12.96μm,变化不显著。截至2016年6月底,扎鲁特旗罕山白绒山羊群体数量达190.0万只,与1995年品种验收时相比提高了250.4%。建议做好品种选育工作,以促进罕山白绒山羊产业发展。     

陇东绒山羊新品种培育研究报告

采取杂交育种的方法,于2006年末,在甘肃省东部地区育成并存栏陇东绒山羊新品种3．76万只。新品种羊全身被毛白色,以产绒为主,绒肉兼用,一级以上成年公、母羊平均产绒量分别为578g和451g,体重分别为33．7kg、24．01kg,羊绒细度14．85μm,羊绒自然长度5．3cm,屠宰率47．08％,经产母羊产羔率103％。     

绒山羊主要生理生化指标的测定和分析

在甘肃省庆阳市的北部,以辽宁绒山羊为父本,陇东黑山羊为母本,经30多年改良杂交和系统选育,已育成了陇东绒山羊新品种,到2007年初存栏新品种羊3.76万只,新品种一级以上成年公母羊产绒量分别达到578 g和451 g,羊绒细度14.85 μm,羊绒自然长度5.35 cm.     

陇东绒山羊专门化品系选育研究报告

选育和提高陇东绒山羊的生产性能,以陇东绒山羊为试验动物,采用数量遗传学和现代繁殖新技术,在甘肃东部地区选育出陇东绒山羊专门化新品系,数量达到18 685只,其中绒长型9 632只,绒细型9 053只。新品系被毛全白,以产绒为主,绒肉兼用,两品系特一级成年公母羊产绒量分别为626.49 g、506.87 g和601.67 g、465.76 g;羊绒细度分别为15.02μm、14.82μm和14.49μm、14.25μm;羊绒伸直长度分别为90.37 mm、75.82 mm和85.41 mm、79.78 mm;春季体重两品系公母羊分别为36 kg和28 kg以上,屠宰率为47.68%,经产母羊产羔率105%。选育结果陇东绒山羊专门化品系外貌特征一致,遗传性能稳定,白色个体稳定在97.6%以上,繁殖性能良好,其中双羔率占约5%。陇东绒山羊专门化新品系具有体质结实,角型整齐,被毛全白,产绒量高,羊绒品质优良,耐粗饲,抗病力强,适应干旱环境条件等优点。     

陇东绒山羊专门化品系培育效果与分析

为了进一步培育优质高产陇东绒山羊群体,利用引进的绒细型和绒长型种公羊进行分区域杂交改良和品系繁育,培育出适宜陇东干旱半干旱自然生态条件的陇东绒山羊专门化品系。培育结果表明:绒细型特一级成年公母羊平均产绒量分别为601.67g和465.76g,体重分别为36.16kg和29.31kg,羊绒细度分别为14.49μm和14.25μm;绒长型特一级成年公母羊平均产绒量分别为626.49g和506.37g,体重分别为37.74kg和29.65kg,羊绒细度分别为15.02μm和14.82μm。同时利用微卫星DNA技术研究了9对基因座位在陇东绒山羊群体中的遗传多样性,通过标记多态性与生产性状的最小二乘线性模型,进行了分子标记与经济性状的相关分析,并在这些位点上找到经济性状优势基因型以及对相应性状具有正效应或负效应的等位基因。     

陕西绒山羊鉴定结果分析

为摸清陕西绒山羊育种工作的进展情况，对906只陕西绒山羊进行了鉴定，结果表明：陕西绒山羊在体尺、体重及产绒量等方面均比其母本子午岭黑山羊有了很大程度地改善，尤其是产绒量，周岁及成年公、母羊分别是子午岭黑山羊的3.3、1.8、3.4、2.2倍，育种成效显著。     

内蒙古白绒山羊育种及应用研究现状

采用一些现代育种技术,使内蒙白绒山羊生产性能大幅度提高,据内蒙古白绒山羊种羊场建场时成年公羊平均产绒量365.19 g,成年母羊270.28 g,绒纤维长公母分别为5.42 cm、4.28 cm,细度14.5 μm,净绒率65%;现在内蒙古白绒山羊种羊场成年公羊平均产绒量924.38 g,最高个体产绒量1 980 g,绒自然长度7.55 cm,绒细度15.15 μm,成年母羊平均产绒量700.08 g,最高个体产绒量1 600 g,绒自然长度6.15 cm,绒细度14.95 μm,净绒率65.76%;母羊产羔率达到145%.为今后内蒙古白绒山羊的优化选育奠定了坚实的基础.     

博新杂种F1周岁山羊与土种周岁山羊产绒量的对比试验

对博新（新疆博格达白绒山羊和新疆土种山羊）杂种F，周岁山羊和土种周岁山羊的产绒量、绒自然长度和抓绒后体重等指标进行了比较试验研究，同时进行了差异显著性检验。实验结果表明，F1周岁公羊和母羊的平均产绒量、绒自然长度与抓绒后的体重与土种公羊和母羊产绒量、绒自然长度和抓绒后的体重之间差异极显著（P＜0．01）。     

藏西北绒山羊产绒性能研究

对西藏那曲尼玛县、阿里日土县两个原种场的绒山羊绒纤维细度、自然长度、产绒量进行测定.结果表明:两地绒山羊绒产量、细度、长度差异均不显著,绒山羊不同性别绒品质(细度)的指标均优于我国其它绒山羊品种如河西绒山羊、辽宁绒山羊、内蒙古绒山羊.尼玛绒山羊成年公羊、母羊平均绒纤维细度分别为14.00 μm和13.33μm,分别比选育前的平均细度公15.32μm、母16.02μm细1.32μm 和2.69μm;选育后日土县成年绒山羊公、母羊细度分别为13.58μm和13.57μm,平均细度比选育前13.72μm细0.14μm;绒纤维主体细度14μm以下的分别占65.2%和76.19%;绒自然长度4 cm以上的分别占81.56 %和78.87 %;选育前后2县成年山羊平均产绒量分别为188.04 g、180.60 g和278.57 g、279.60 g,个体平均产绒量分别比选育前提高了48.14 %和54.82 %;纯白个体达到95%以上.     

邛崃波尔山羊饲养水平的评价

在邛崃波尔山羊场选择波尔山羊成年健康母羊(怀孕前期)30只,种公羊(非配种期)5只,称体重。通过预试期14d,测定6d平均采食量,计算其摄入的营养成分含量,并与美国NRC肉用山羊饲养标准比较,进行饲养水平评价。结果表明,与饲养标准比较,波尔山羊母羊和种公羊日粮消化能分别高7.44MJ和3.28MJ、可消化粗蛋白分别高67.04g和42.42g,钙母羊高1.79g、公羊低1.38g,磷母羊高1.71g、公羊低0.09g,钠母羊和公羊分别低7.22g和8.06g。结合羊只的体况,综合评定该场波尔山羊饲养水平基本合理,但尚需提高母羊、公羊钠的供给量和公羊钙、磷的供给量。     

Pronuclear Embryo Yield in Canindé and Saanen Goats for DNA Microinjection

The objective of this study was to examine the effect of donor breed on pronuclear‐stage embryo yield to be used for DNA microinjection in a transgenesis goat program. Twelve Canindé and twelve Saanen goats were heat synchronized using a progestagen‐cloprostenol treatment. Forty‐eight hours before the sponge removal, superovulation was induced with a total administration of 4.4 mg/kg bodyweight NIH‐FSH‐P1, given twice daily in decreasing doses over 3 days. In addition, goats received 100 μg of GnRH and they were hand‐mated at 36 and 48 h after progestagen removal. Embryo recovery was performed by oviduct flushing at 72 h after sponge removal. Embryos were microinjected with a DNA construct and noticeable swelling of the nuclei was the criterion for successful microinjection. The total diameter, cytoplasm diameter, zona pellucida thickness and pronuclei diameter were measured for each microinjected embryo. A higher (p < 0.05) percentage of fertilized ova was observed in Canindé (89.9%) than Saanen (36.2%) goats. In addition, Canindé donors produced a higher percentage of pronuclear embryos when compared with Saanen: 72.5% vs 20.6% (p < 0.05), respectively. Successful microinjection was verified in 96.7% and 73.3% of times in Canindé and Saanen embryos, respectively (p < 0.05). Significant differences were observed for all morphometric parameters except for cytoplasm diameter. In conclusion, under our study experimental conditions, Canindé were more efficient than Saanen goats concerning the pronuclear embryo yield and manipulation. The use of Canindé goats in transgenesis programs could be increase the interest in their breeding and could be contribute to saving them from extinction.     

日粮中添加半胱胺对辽宁绒山羊产绒性能的影响

本试验选用20头6月龄的辽宁绒山羊,平均体重约为16 kg,完全随机分为半胱胺组和对照组。两组饲喂的基础日粮一样,半胱胺组每周添加1次半胱胺,剂量为100 mg/kg,制成颗粒料一次性饲喂;试验期60 d。研究半胱胺对绒山羊产绒性能的影响。结果表明,半胱胺组绒自然长度、毛自然长度、绒伸直长度、毛伸直长度较对照组显著提高(P0.05);半胱胺组绒、毛强度,绒、毛伸度较对照组显著提高(P0.05),半胱胺组绒毛细度比对照组显著降低(P0.05);半胱胺组粗毛细度比对照组显著提高(P0.05)。因此,日粮中添加半胱胺可以改善辽宁绒山羊绒毛的品质。     

云南省朗目山草地畜牧业可持续发展技术研究

为探索云贵高原草地畜牧业可持续发展技术,1998年恢复建成人工草地46 hm2,计划养畜345个羊单位.两年来,进行了人工草地建植与管理、草地及畜群体重监测、饲料供需预算、草畜季节动态平衡、适时出栏等组装配套技术试验示范工作.1999年人工草地干草产量达12 900kg/hm2;养畜量达345个羊单位;出栏山羊140只,黄牛33头,出栏率达57.1%;草地收入达922.11元/hm2.     

不同生态饲料配方饲喂新品系黑山羊育肥效果与经济效益分析

采用不同的生态饲料配方在舍饲圈养条件下进行黑山羊育肥试验,以研究不同配方对黑山羊育肥的效果,并进行了经济效益分析。结果表明,各试验组日增重与对照组（CK）比较,只有E组差异不显著（P〉0.05）,其他试验组均差异显著（P〈0.05）,其中,最高的为C组（246.32 g/只）,最小的为对照组（186.24 g/只）,C组比对照组多增重60.08 g/只,提高了32.20%;A组、B组、D组、E组与对照组相比,也分别提高了20.01%、10.13%、12.09%、2.15%;总采食量最大的为E组（2 951.65 kg）,最小的为A组（1 339.50 kg）;平均日采食量最大的为E组[3.28 kg/（d·只）],最小的为A组[1.49 kg/（d·只）];在育肥经济效益上,C组经济效果最佳,比对照组提高了72.67%。因此,C组的配方是较为符合山羊现代生态养殖的饲养配方,具有较为广阔的推广应用前景。     

Effect of feeding different levels of foliage from Erythrina variegata on the performance of growing goats

The effect of feeding different levels of foliage from Erythrina variegata on the performance of growing goats was studied using a local breed (Ma T'ou) with an average initial body weight of 11.2?kg (SD?=?0.9). Twenty-four animals were allocated to a randomized design, with six animals (three males and three females) per treatment. The treatments were four different levels of replacement of the diet crude protein (CP) with CP from Erythrina foliage (EF) at 0?% (E-0), 20?% (E-20), 40?% (E-40), and 60?% (E-60). There were no significant differences in the dry matter (DM) intake between treatments, but total CP intake was significantly higher in the goats fed the diet E-60 compared to E-20 (61.1 and 51.4?g/day, respectively). The average daily liveweight gain of the goats did not differ between treatments and ranged from 51 to 63?g/day. Sixteen animals were kept in metabolism cages for a digestibility study and given with the same four diets as in the main experiment. The digestibility of DM, organic matter, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber was significantly higher for diet E-60 than for E-0. Neither the apparent digestibility of CP and N retention nor carcass characteristics (16 animals) differed with an increase in the level of CP from EF in the diets. In conclusion, CP from EF can replace up to 60?% of CP from a mixed diet with soybean meal without any negative effect on the growth in goats.     

Mycoplasma infections in farm animals: specific prevention of infectious (contagious) agalactia in the sheep and goat

The authors of this paper have produced live vaccine to cope with infectious agalactia in goat. The vaccine (culture) was used on 360, 924 goats kept on ajmaks in Bajanchongor and Gobi-Altaj, in 1986. The number of pathologically affected goats went down by a factor of 4.5, as compared to 1985. Mortality was reduced to one third. Abortions declined by a factor of 2.6 and infertility among goats by 1.6. The conclusion is that sheep of the Mongolian breed are not susceptible to infectious agalactia. Large-scale production tests of live cultures supported hopes for successful action on this infectious disease under Mongolian conditions.     

A retrospective survey of liver fluke disease in livestock based on abattoir data in Shiraz, south of Iran

Meat-inspection records in an abattoir located in the Fars province (southern part of Iran) from 20 March 1999 to 19 March 2004 were used to determine the prevalence and long-term trend of liver fluke disease in sheep, cattle and goats in the region. A total of 844,039 animals (cattle 131,716; sheep 577,090; goats 135,233) slaughtered in the 5-year period and overall 34,856 (4.1%) livers were condemned. Fasciolosis and dicrocoeliosis were responsible for 54 and 21% of total liver condemnations, respectively. The prevalence of liver condemnations due to fasciolosis was decreased from 3.89, 3.20 and 2.63% in 1999-2000 to 1.07, 0.59 and 0.24% in 2003-2004 for cattle, sheep and goats, respectively. The corresponding features for dicrocoeliosis were similar, declining from 1.47, 1.76 and 2.10% in 1999-2000 to 0.69, 0.34 and 0.25% in 2003-2004, respectively. Drought climatic conditions in conjunction with a greater awareness among farmers could be responsible factors.