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迟眼蕈蚊的发生与防治 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
迟眼蕈蚊的发生与防治柴冠卿(河南浚县植保植检站456250)迟眼蕈蚊俗称韭蛆,是韭菜的重要害虫,有迟眼蕈蚊和陆氏迟眼蕈蚊两种,以前者为主,在北方菜区普遍发生,为害严重。1为害初孵幼虫先在韭菜叶基部及鳞茎上端蛀食为害。春秋两季主要为害嫩茎,导至根茎腐烂... 相似文献
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《农药科学与管理》2017,(12)
为了筛选可用于韭菜迟眼蕈蚊幼虫防治的杀虫剂混剂,测定了吡虫啉与多杀菌素混配剂对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊幼虫的室内毒力。使用胃毒及触杀联合毒力的室内生物测定法,测定了吡虫啉与多杀菌素以1:5,1:10,1:20及1:40等4个浓度比例组成的混剂对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊3龄幼虫的室内毒力,并计算了相应的共毒系数。与吡虫啉和多杀菌素对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊3龄幼虫的LC_(50)分别是11.68和92.21mg/L相比,吡虫啉与多杀菌素以1:5,1:10,1:20及1:40等4个浓度比例组成的混剂对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊3龄幼虫的室内毒力LC_(50)是12.30、8.14、5.39和9.29mg/L。共毒系数表明吡虫啉与多杀菌素以1:5,1:10,1:20及1:40浓度比例组成的4种混剂对韭蛆的毒力均表现出了增效作用。其中以1:20浓度比组成的混剂具有最大的共毒系数1 287.58。吡虫啉与多杀菌素以1:20浓度比组成的混剂具有最大的共毒系数,对韭蛆幼虫的毒力也最高,可用于韭菜迟眼蕈蚊幼虫的防治。 相似文献
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韭蛆是韭菜栽培的主要害虫之一,常聚集于韭菜根部危害,蛀食假茎和鳞茎,引起腐烂,使被害株叶片瘦弱、萎蔫下垂、枯黄而死亡。现将其发生特点与防治方法介绍如下:一、发生特点韭蛆属双翅目眼蕈科迟眼蕈蚊幼虫,以幼虫在韭菜根周围3cm~4cm土中或鳞茎内休眠越冬,翌年3月上中 相似文献
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韭蛆,学名迟眼蕈蚊(Bradysid odoriphdga Yang etzhang)属双翅目,眼蕈蚊科,别名黄脚蕈蚊。1 为害特点 韭蛆在河北省蔚县一年发生两代,主要以幼虫聚集在韭菜地下部的鳞茎和柔嫩的茎部为害。初孵幼虫先危害韭菜叶鞘基部和鳞茎的上端。春秋两季主要危害韭菜的幼茎,引起腐烂,使韭叶枯黄而死。夏季幼虫向下活动蛀入鳞茎,重者鳞茎腐烂,整墩韭菜死亡。 相似文献
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正韭菜迟眼蕈蚊Bradysia odoriphaga Yang et Zhang属双翅目眼蕈蚊科迟眼蕈蚊属,其幼虫俗称"韭蛆"(杨集昆和张学敏,1985),以钻蛀韭菜地下鳞茎进行为害,致使地下部腐烂、地上部瘦弱和萎蔫,严重时造成缺苗断垄甚至成片死亡,是我国韭菜生产上的主要害虫(梅增霞等,2003)。由于其幼虫在地下隐蔽为害,且主要依赖化学农药防治,以致"毒韭菜"事件屡有发生,严重威胁着人民生命、生活和生态环境。因此,本试验利用黄色粘虫板、糖醋液和水,系 相似文献
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韭菜是人们喜食的粗纤维叶菜之一。近年来,设施栽培韭菜发展迅速,设施内温暖湿润的气候环境适应于韭蛆的生存和繁殖,因而为害加重,应做好防治工作。1发生规律韭蛆属双翅目眼蕈科迟眼蕈蚊幼虫,以幼虫在韭根周围3~4cm米土中或鳞茎内休眠过冬。翌年3月中下旬当韭... 相似文献
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辽宁地区韭菜根蛆发生与为害规律 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为明确辽宁地区韭菜田根蛆发生种类及优势种的消长动态,于2014-2017年分别采用黄色水盆诱集和挖根的方法对根蛆成虫和幼虫的发生和为害规律进行了系统调查研究。结果表明,辽宁韭菜田根蛆主要有韭菜迟眼蕈蚊Bradysia odoriphaga Yang et Zhang和食用菌异迟眼蕈蚊Bradysia difformis Frey,二者常常混合发生。北镇地区优势种为韭菜迟眼蕈蚊,年发生7~8代,其中冬季温室期发生3~4代。初冬扣棚后根蛆为害期与冬韭生产期高度重合。沈阳东陵地区优势种为食用菌异迟眼蕈蚊,其在露地韭菜上年发生5代。根蛆在田间呈聚集分布,聚集程度随种群密度的增大而升高。施用有机肥可显著降低根蛆的为害程度。根蛆以3龄幼虫在大葱上越冬。辽宁地区根蛆的发生规律呈现冬季发生重,春、秋季略轻发生,夏季基本不发生的特点。 相似文献
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近5年来, 我国在害虫变态发育与生殖调控、害虫滞育调控、害虫迁飞、害虫与共生微生物互作、害虫对杀虫剂的抗性、害虫与寄主植物的化学通讯、害虫对植物抗虫性的适应、害虫对作物种植结构调整的响应、害虫对全球气候变化的响应等农业害虫发生新规律新机制解析方面取得了系列重要进展, 同时推进了抗虫作物、RNA农药、行为调控和生态调控等害虫防控新技术与新产品的研发; 提出迁飞性草地贪夜蛾分区治理、多食性盲蝽区域防控、地下害虫韭蛆绿色防控和抗性麦蚜精准化学防控等害虫绿色防控新模式新体系。根据国内外农业害虫综合防治科技发展趋势和中国农业高质量发展现实需求, 我国需进一步重视农业昆虫交叉学科前沿和新兴技术领域, 以产业需求为导向, 强化害虫防控基础理论创新, 创制智能监测预警和绿色防控新技术、新产品, 创新集成区域绿色防控和跨区协同治理技术体系, 为保障国家粮食安全、助力乡村全面振兴提供强有力的植保科技支撑。 相似文献
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中国水稻病虫草害治理60年:问题与对策 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
自第一次绿色革命以来,随着感性高产品种的大面积推广、化肥和农药的大量使用,在显著提高产量的同时,严重削弱了稻田系统的自然调控功能,导致病虫草危害加重。为有效控制有害生物危害,防治技术和治理策略已经历了从化学防治、初级综合防治和综合治理进而生态治理等多个阶段的发展。然而,尽管在有效控制有害生物对当季作物危害上取得了良好成绩,每年挽回稻谷损失数千万吨,但小虫成大灾、多病共发、杂草群落演变、重要病虫草害抗药性突出等问题,仍严重地威胁到粮食安全和生态安全。为确保水稻生产的可持续集约发展,植物保护研究必须从建设健康稻田系统总体目标出发,加强与相关学科合作,努力提升科技协同创新能力和稻田生态系统自然调控功能,并完善管理和政策保障体系,以确保绿色防控、生态治理技术的成功实施。 相似文献
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农药学研究的重要手段——放射性同位素示踪技术 总被引:6,自引:1,他引:6
化学农药的不合理使用造成了严重的影响问题和食品污染,影响生态平衡,危害人类健康,利用核技术优势研究和解决农药学问题受到人们越来越多的关注,在过去的几年里,放射性同位素示踪技术及其在我国农药科学中应用研究已取得了较大成就,特别是在放射性同位素化学示记合成技术,利用示踪手段研究在动植物体中的农药残留,降解和代谢,在环境中的行为和归宿,以及农药完全使用技术等方面均在较大进展仅中国农业科学院原子能利用天空 相似文献
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Information about pesticide use and perceptions of their risks among farmers is important for identifying problems associated with pest-control decisions and developing appropriate management practices in given crops. In tobacco, a plant sensitive to many pests and diseases, such information is lacking. The patterns of pesticide use in oriental tobacco, as well as the most important factors for farmers’ decisions relating to chemical pest control were studied among randomly selected farmers in northern Greece on the basis of self-reported information acquired through a pre-tested questionnaire. High reliance of farmers on pesticides and field use of all well-known classes of chemical pesticides were reported. While all the active ingredients reported were registered for pest control in tobacco, they differed considerably in terms of toxicity. A normal cropping season received at least 14–16 pesticide applications for soil disinfection, pest control, and weed control. Most farmers stated that they usually spray chemicals on a calendar basis or on the first appearance of a pest. Efficacy on target pests and market price of the pesticide products to be used were the most important criteria for selection of pesticides, i.e. products that are considered to be highly effective and/or that are cheap are more likely to be selected. Better-educated and more experienced farmers were found to pay more attention to environmental safety and pesticide toxicity. Most farmers felt that pesticide use can reduce crop damage by more than 75%, assuring high yields. Main determinants of pesticide use were primarily the fear of severe yield and economic losses and the doubts about the effectiveness and the correct implementation of alternative pest-control methods. Pesticide use could be reduced by exposing farmers to improved pest-control practices such as site-specific integrated pest management. 相似文献
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西花蓟马Frankliniella occidentalis(Pergande)是世界性的大害虫,对温室中蔬菜花卉造成巨大的危害。20世纪70年代后在世界范围内广泛而迅速地传播蔓延,近年入侵中国。西花蓟马对农药产生了广泛的抗性,使得生物防治一直作为其综合治理中的主导措施。本文综述了世界上西花蓟马生物防治的现状,以期为中国西花蓟马的治理提供一定的借鉴作用。 相似文献
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U. Regev 《EPPO Bulletin》1976,6(4):265-273
We are becoming increasingly aware of the unintended harm caused by the use of chemical pesticides to man, crops, livestock, and the environment. The major side-effects of pesticides are ecosystem disruption, increasing pest resistance and environmental pollution. Market structure (prices) does not include these effects and, for this reason, the individual farmer has no incentive to consider them in his pest control decisions. This leads to conflicting economic interests between the individual farmer who uses excessive pesticides to maximize profits, and society, which considers environmental quality and other external effects as part of the costs of pesticides, and thus desires lower levels of pesticides. A case study of resistance to pesticides by the Egyptian alfalfa weevil shows that the farmers' pest control decisions lead to faster development of resistance than would be deemed desirable by the society. Economic analysis of the costs of resistance serves as the basis for estimating needed investment in new pest control means, of which the most desirable ones are environmentally neutral: some form of biological control and/or host-plant resistance. 相似文献