于蔗细茎野生种（S．spontaneum）远缘杂交组合的灰色评判

应用灰色系统理论中的杂交组合灰色评判原理和方法，对16个甘蔗细茎野生种远缘杂交组合进行综合评判。结果表明．N2、N4、N7、N12、N16五个组合为优良组合（一等），在以后的各世代中应集中精力重点选择；N1、N8、N10、N11、N14五个组合为较好组合（二等），其综合性状稍差于优良组合，应进一步观察试验；N3、N5、N6、N9、N13、N15六个组合为一般组合（三等），在没有特殊优异性状表现的情况下，应考虑淘汰。     

应用灰色综合评判法分析河南大豆区试总结

运用灰色综合评判法对参加2012年河南省大豆区域试验的数据进行综合分析评价,结果表明:在参试15个品种中,驻豆03-16(Q12)、周04012-6(Q13)和濮豆1802(Q15)的灰色综合评判值最高,表明这3个品种在河南省不仅高产而且适应性较强,综合性状优良,适宜种植推广。     

适宜免耕覆秸精量播种栽培方式的夏大豆品种(系)筛选

为筛选出适宜麦茬免耕覆秸精量播种栽培方式的夏大豆品种(系),运用灰色综合评判法,对来自黄淮海地区的12个夏大豆品种(系)的12个主要农艺性状进行综合分析,对各参试品系的灰色综合评判等级排序。结果表明:商豆1201、冀豆12、菏豆14的综合性状表现突出、产量高,可作为推广麦茬免耕覆秸精量播种技术的主要种植品种;郑7051、周豆22号、阜豆16及山宁19的农艺性状表现也较好,产量高于对照,可适当推广种植;皖豆21144、徐9302-A及皖宿01-15灰色综合评判值低于对照,中黄39的产量低于对照,但是相差很小。本研究表明所有参试品系均适宜免耕覆秸精量播种栽培方式,免耕覆秸精量播种技术在黄淮海地区具有广阔的应用前景。     

灰色评判在抗虫杂交棉选育中的应用

运用灰色系统的理论和方法 ,根据育种目标 ,对抗虫杂交棉组合 F1代各主要性状及产量进行综合分析比较其灰色关联度 ,以确定优良组合 ,为抗虫杂交棉的选育提供理论依据。尤其把枯萎病指、黄萎病指加入到综合性状中去 ,以期提高综合评判的准确性。     

三种分析方法对小麦新品种的综合评判

为对小麦新品种进行综合评价，以10个小麦新品系的主要性状为指标，采用相同的原始数据和权重系数，运用模糊综合评判、DTOPSIS法、灰色关联度分析对其进行综合评判。结果表明，采用DTOPSIS法评判结果为E、A、D三品系综合性状最好，J、F品系最差；灰色关联度分析评判结果为E、D、C、A品系综合性状最好，I、F品系最差；模糊综合评判结果为E、C、D品系为优良品系，H、F品系最差。三种综合评判小麦新品种优劣的顺序虽存在一定的差异，但变化总趋势基本一致，其中综合评判E、D为优良品系，F品系最劣，这与品系的实际表现相一致。     

马铃薯杂种群体的模糊数学综合评价

应用模糊数学综合评判方法,综合评价了16个马铃薯杂种实生薯群体,结果表明:801-5×Katahdin、801-5×Baraka、高原7号×Katahdin和高原7号×Baraka 4个组合以小区实际产量、丰产素质和块茎一致性为主,包括株高一致性和对花叶、卷叶两类病毒抗性在内的12个性状的综合评价明显优于对照组合(自84040×NS79-12-1),达到优良的评价标准,综合指标值分别比对照增加58.3％,51.7％,33.6％和25.4％,综合性状稳定性好。模糊数学综合评判方法,能够全面、客观和定量地反映杂种群体的综合特征,能以统一的综合指标评价TPS选育的全部目标性状,克服了组合评价中以单因素独立评价群体优劣的不足,对于新组合或新品种的审定、推广利用都具有实际意义。     

灰色评判在水稻育种中的应用

运用灰色系统的理论与方法,根据水稻育种目标。对杂交水稻F1代测配组合的主要农艺性状进行灰色评判,筛选高产优良杂交稻组合,为水稻品种的早期选育提供理论依据。     

应用灰色关联分析综合评价陆地棉杂交组合

应用灰色关联度分析方法 ,对 2 2个陆地棉杂交组合的 1 3个主要性状进行了综合评判和定量分析。结果表明 :组合 1 8、 8、 2 0、 1 1、 1 7综合性状好 ,与杂交种田间表现相吻合     

澳洲坚果主要品质性状的灰色关联度分析和模糊综合评判

以28份澳洲坚果种质的8个主要品质性状为指标,运用灰色关联度分析和模糊综合评判法对其种质品质性状进行综合定量评判。结果表明:灰色关联度和模糊综合评判的等权与加权评判结果吻合程度都高;结合两种综合评判,评价出‘南亚1号’和优株‘10’为品质优良种质,‘南亚2号’、‘O.C.’、优株‘114’等20份种质品质中等,而‘H2’、‘HAES333’、‘HAES695’、‘B3/74’、‘Yonik’和‘HAES814’等6份种质品质较差。     

灰色关联分析法在杂交玉米组合综合评判中的应用研究

为全面合理地综合评价杂交玉米新组合,以2001年湖南省杂交玉米区域试验的10个杂交组合为材料,运用灰色关联度分析法,对产量、产量构成因素、抗病性等10个主要性状的平均值进行了综合评判,结果表明参试的10个杂交玉米组合以蠡玉168表现最好,长单41、DH333和蠡玉15号其次。采用灰色关联度分析法与产量方差分析相结合对参试杂交组合进行综合评判,比单纯依靠产量的方差分析对参试杂交组合进行评价更准确、更全面、更科学。     

西藏小麦高分子量谷蛋白亚基组成及其与蛋白质含量和沉淀值的关系

为明确西藏小麦品种不同高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基(HMW-GS)对小麦品质的作用,对210份小麦品种的HMW-GS组成与蛋白质含量和沉淀值之间的关系进行了研究,结果表明,在Glu-A1位点上,亚基1、null和2*出现的频率依次为50.00%、34.76%和15.24%,各亚基对蛋白质含量和沉淀值的作用均为2*＞1＞null;在Glu-B1位点上,亚基7 8和7 9出现频率分别为45.71%和37.14%,远高于其它亚基出现的频率,各亚基对蛋白质含量的作用为7＞14 15＞17 18＞6＞7 9＞22＞7 8＞6 8,对沉淀值的作用为17 18＞7＞14 15＞7 9＞7 8＞6＞6 8＞22;在Glu-D1位点上,5 10与2 12出现频率分别为52.38%和47.14%,亚基12出现频率较低,各亚基对蛋白质含量的作用为 5 10＞12＞2 12,对沉淀值的作用为5 10＞2 12＞12.HMW-GS所对应的蛋白质含量与沉淀值之间的相关系数为0.6535,达到了显著水平.以蛋白质含量为评价指标,较优的亚基组合有1/17 18/2 12、1/7/5 10、1/17 18/5 10、1/6 8/2 12、null/22/2 12、2*/17 18/5 10.以沉淀值为评价指标,较优的亚基组合有1/14 15/2 12、2*/17 18/5 10、2*/7/5 10.以蛋白质含量与沉淀值相结合为评价指标,本研究中HMW-GS的最优搭配为2*/17 18/5 10,其次为2*/7/5 10.HMW-GS组成类型所对应的蛋白质含量与沉淀值之间的相关系数为0.5571(P＜0.05),达到了显著水平.     

Determination of Heterotic Groups and Heterosis Analysis of Yield Performance in indica Rice

To compare the heterosis levels among various groups of parental lines used extensively in China, identify foundational heterotic groups in parental pools and understand the relationship between genetic distance and heterosis performance, 16 parental lines with extensive genetic variation were selected from various sub-groups, and 39 hybrid combinations were generated and evaluated in Fujian and Hainan Provinces of China. The main results were as follows:(1) The 16 parental lines can be grouped into 7 sub-groups consisting of 1 maintainer sub-group and 6 restorer sub-groups;(2) Mean grain yield of the restorer lines was higher than that of the maintainer lines, and mean yield of parental lines was higher than that of the hybrid combinations;(3) The two best heterotic patterns were II-32A × G5 and II-32A × G6, moreover, the order of restorer sub-groups according to grain yield, from the highest to lowest, was G7, G6, G5, G4, G3 and G2; High specific combining ability values were observed for combinations of II-32A × G5, II-32A × G6 and Tianfeng A × G7;(4) Hybrid combinations derived from II-32A crossed with 13 restorer lines had higher yield trait values(mid-parent heterosis, better-parent heterosis, standard heterosis over check and specific combining ability) than any other combinations;(5) Genetic distance was positively correlated with panicle number, grain length and length-to-width ratio(P 0.05) and negatively correlated with grain width, grain yield, seed-setting rate, as well as mid-parent heterosis, standard heterosis over check, and specific combining ability for grain yield(P 0.01). These heterotic groups and patterns and their argonomic traits will provide useful information for future hybrid rice breeding programs.     

Numerical Modeling to Study the Fate of Nitrogen in Cropping Systems and Best Management Case Studies

Summary

Nitrogen (N) availability for crop uptake is dependent on various factors that influence the transformation of N sources and transport of N forms in soils. The fate and transport of N is site specific. Therefore evaluation of N dynamics under each condition is neither practical nor feasible. Simulation models which are adequately calibrated and tested can be used to estimate the fate and transport of N as well as crop responses under different production systems. These evaluations provide some guidelines as how to manage N and water efficiently to maximize the N uptake efficiency and minimize the losses. Thus, they contribute to the development of N and water best management practices. In this chapter, we discuss recent information on experimentally measuring the water and nutrient transport in soils as well as performing estimations using simulation models. The development and application of different simulation models for different production systems have been summarized. Some case studies on nitrogen and water best management practices are also discussed.     

氮磷钾配比对马铃薯脱毒微型薯生长和产量的影响

通过对N、P、K大量营养元素的6个不同配比试验研究,结果表明,与对照T1(N:P2O5:K2O=1:0.42:1.63)相比,T5(N:P2O5:K2O=1:0.57:1.22)配比营养液浇施,不仅能促进扦插苗地上部分的生长,还可以诱导匍匐茎的产生和膨大,从而有效提高了单株结薯率,产量增加了32.1%。由此可见,N:P2O5:K2O为1:0.57:1.22的配比是脱毒微型薯生长中所需的较为理想的营养液配方。     

Protein quality of diets based on tuber,legume, and cereal in weanling rats

Weanling male rats (45–55 g) were studied to evaluate the protein quality of diets based on combinations of yam (YA); dehulled brown bean (DBB), dehulled white bean (DWB); and corn flour (PA) that provided 1.6 g N/100 g of diet. Casein served as the reference protein. Rats fed combinations of PA, DBB, and DWB had increases in food intake, weight gain, N intake, digested and retained N, and liver N compared to those of the casein control group and the other test groups (P < 0.05). Supplementation of YA with DBB or DWB reduced weight gain, protein efficiency ratio (PER), N intake, digested and retained N, NPU and liver N values of the animals when compared with those fed the casein and the other diets containing YA. Combinations of DBB or DWB with PA appear to be the best mixtures as shown by food and N intakes, digested and retained N, liver N, and weight gain. These mixtures may possibly be economic sources of N for weaning children where these are staples in the diet.     

黄淮麦区小麦新品种(系)高分子量谷蛋白亚基多态性分析

为了解黄淮麦区小麦新品种(系)的品质状况,用SDS-PAGE方法对227份材料的HMW-GS组成进行了分析,共检测到10种等位基因变异和18种亚基组合,其中,各位点的主要亚基有:Glu-A1位点的1(61.67%),Glu-B1位点的7+9(62.11%)和7+8(21.59%),Glu-D1位点的2+12(53.30%)和5+10(40.97%);主要的亚基组合为"1,7+9,2+12"(21.59%)和"null,7+9,2+12"(19.38%)。研究表明,黄淮麦区小麦HMW-GS等位变异和亚基组合的多态性较为丰富,但分布严重不均,仍需引进含有2*、13+16和17+18等亚基的材料;优质亚基5+10和14+15的比例有所提高,但优质亚基组合的比例仍然很低,今后该地区小麦品质育种中应加强优质亚基组合的选择。     

Varying Nitrogen Concentrations to Optimize Basic Seed Potato Minitubers Production in a Three-Phase Hydroponic System

In hydroponics, nutrient management is the limiting factor to obtaining optimal production, and nitrogen (N) is the key component to consider when optimizing nutrient management in these types of systems. The objective of this study is to evaluate different combinations of N fertilizer concentrations in order to optimize the yield of basic seed potato minitubers in a three-phase hydroponic system. Treatments consisted of five combinations of N concentrations, applied before and after 21 days after plant transplant as follows, respectively: 1) 13 and 13, 2) 13 and 0, 3) 13 and 7.8, 4) 13 and 16, and 5) 13 and 26 mmol L^?1. Propagation was performed by transplanting 3–4 cm potato plantlets cv. Agata from sprouts. There were significant effects of N treatments on all measured variables (root, leaf, stem, and plant dry weight and minituber number and weight). To obtain the maximum minituber number yield, 9.51 minitubers/plant, corresponding to 67 minitubers/m², post 21-day adjusted N concentration was 18.4 mmol/L. Treatment 4 promoted higher basic seed potato minituber yield in a three-phase hydroponic system.     

An open-source framework for large-scale,flexible evaluation of biomedical text mining systems

Background

Improved evaluation methodologies have been identified as a necessary prerequisite to the improvement of text mining theory and practice. This paper presents a publicly available framework that facilitates thorough, structured, and large-scale evaluations of text mining technologies. The extensibility of this framework and its ability to uncover system-wide characteristics by analyzing component parts as well as its usefulness for facilitating third-party application integration are demonstrated through examples in the biomedical domain.

Results

Our evaluation framework was assembled using the Unstructured Information Management Architecture. It was used to analyze a set of gene mention identification systems involving 225 combinations of system, evaluation corpus, and correctness measure. Interactions between all three were found to affect the relative rankings of the systems. A second experiment evaluated gene normalization system performance using as input 4,097 combinations of gene mention systems and gene mention system-combining strategies. Gene mention system recall is shown to affect gene normalization system performance much more than does gene mention system precision, and high gene normalization performance is shown to be achievable with remarkably low levels of gene mention system precision.

Conclusion

The software presented in this paper demonstrates the potential for novel discovery resulting from the structured evaluation of biomedical language processing systems, as well as the usefulness of such an evaluation framework for promoting collaboration between developers of biomedical language processing technologies. The code base is available as part of the BioNLP UIMA Component Repository on SourceForge.net.