一例肉鸡腹水综合征的病因分析及防治

通过对肉鸡腹水症的发病特点、病理变化和诱发原因的介绍,提出了肉鸡腹水症的综合防治措施,在做好控制预防措施的同时结合药物预防可有效的降低肉鸡腹水症的发病率和死亡率。从而减少了腹水症对肉鸡业造成的经济损失,最大提高饲养户的经济效益。     

饲料因子对肉鸡腹水症的影响

在肉鸡饲养中,许多国家都发生腹水症,该症是引起肉鸡死亡的主要原因之一。按过去的定义,腹水症是水在体内异常积留的疾病。现今,只有水在腹腔部位异常积留,才称为腹水症。肉鸡患腹水症,常伴有肝脏肥大和心膜水肿。腹水症死亡的肉鸡,必须在处理场作废弃物处理。通常,肉鸡在4～6周龄期间,腹水症的发生率最高。因此而带来的经济损失也最大。有关引起腹水症的病因,杂志上已发表了几篇综述文献。认为引起腹水症的原因有高地、氨、低温、肉鸡的过速生长、高能饲料、疫苗的副作用、呼吸道疾病、曲霉菌产生的毒素以及遗传的敏感性等因子,引起组织缺氧所造成。一旦发生腹水症,心脏的右心室肥大,功能     

冬季谨防肉鸡腹水症

肉鸡腹水症属于冬季常发病,危害性较大,很多养鸡场不注重饲喂管理,也没有做好相应的消毒工作和清洁工作,致使肉鸡很容易出现腹水症,危害肉鸡的生命健康,因此,预防冬季肉鸡腹水症势在必行。     

中草药改善肺动脉重构对肉鸡腹水综合征防治效果研究

通过总结中草药在肉鸡腹水症的肺动脉重构中作用机制研究,进一步的阐述中草药对肉鸡腹水症的防治效果,为肉鸡腹水综合征采取有效防治措施提供理论依据。     

肉鸡腹水症受日粮因子的影响

肉鸡腹水症是全世界商品肉鸡死亡的一个重要原因。在生长初期采用限食或其他限制生长的管理措施看来可减少腹水症的发生。本文则讨论了影响肉鸡腹水症的日粮因子。     

邯郸市肉鸡腹水症的调查研究

肉鸡腹水症（ascites syndrome．AS）又称肺动脉高压综合征（pulmonary hypertension syndrome．PHS），是主要发生在快速生长期肉仔鸡的一种常见的代谢疾病。以明显腹腔积水，肺瘀血、水肿和心脏扩张、肥大、衰竭为特征。该病广泛分布于世界各地．我国肉鸡腹水症的平均发病率为4．5％．部分地区死亡率甚至高达20％．对养鸡业造成严重的危害。尽管人们对肉鸡腹水症进行了大量的研究．但腹水症仍是困扰肉鸡业的一大难题。近年来．邯郸市肉仔鸡养殖规模发展很快．肉鸡腹水症也经常出现。因此．笔者就邯郸市肉鸡腹水症发生情况进行了调查．进一步来分析肉鸡腹水症的发病原因及其防治措施。以指导生产实践。     

高寒地区肉鸡腹水症的成因及防治

肉鸡腹水症是肉鸡生产中一种常见的非传染性疾病,以肉鸡腹腔内积聚大量浆液性液体为特征,死于腹水症的肉鸡,膨胀的腹部有多达500毫升的积液。肉鸡腹水症常发生于气温较低的秋冬季和早春,以高海拔地区较为多发。此病以3～5周龄的肉仔鸡多发,病程为7～14天,死亡高峰在5～7周龄。肉鸡腹水症在甘肃、青海等地发病率很高,死亡率高,对肉鸡养殖损害较大。     

预防肉仔鸡腹水症的综合措施

预防肉仔鸡腹水症的综合措施甘肃省酒泉种鸡场张鸿随着肉仔鸡生长速度的加快，肉鸡腹水症、腿病和猝死综合症发病率显著提高，据调查，肉鸡腹水症是我区肉仔鸡生产中最为严重的疾病之一。肉鸡腹水症是以肉鸡腹腔内蓄积大量渗出液为主要特征的一种综合性疾病，发病机理尚不...     

中药对腹水症肉鸡血液理化指标的影响

肉鸡腹水症是临床上以腹水为主的循环、呼吸系统发生障碍综合征 ,发病集中于 4～ 5周龄 ,发病率高达 85 % ,死亡率为 0 %～ 30 %。肉鸡腹水症造成的经济损失巨大 ,成为影响肉鸡业发展的主要疾病之一。不少兽医工作者在防治本病上做了大量工作 ,但未有利用祖国医学研究肉鸡腹水症血液理化指标及心包液、腹水量变化方面的报道。我们根据肉鸡腹水症的发病机理和中医理论筛选中药治疗本病 ,取得较好效果。现报道如下。1　材料与方法1 .1　试验动物　经临床检查 ,A超探测 ,确诊 30日龄患腹水症的艾维茵肉鸡 1 0 0只 ,另选 5 0只 30日龄健康肉鸡…     

肉鸡腹水综合征及预防措施

肉鸡腹水症是以右心腔扩张和腹腔积液为特征的综合征,肉鸡呼吸系统的解剖生理特点是导致肉鸡腹水症发生的内在原因,缺氧是造成肉鸡腹水综合征的重要原因。该病与猝死综合征及生长障碍综合征已是当今的肉鸡饲养业的三种最严重的疾病,常造成大批死亡。     

Annual disease incidence in Colorado cow-calf herds participating in rounds 2 and 3 of the National Animal Health Monitoring System from 1986 to 1988

Thirty-nine and 47 randomly selected Colorado cow-calf operations participated in the National Animal Health Monitoring System (NAHMS) during rounds 2 (October 1986 to September 1987) and 3 (October 1987 to September 1988), respectively. Data on the incidence of disease conditions within each herd were collected by federal and state Veterinary Medical Officers and university veterinarians through monthly visits to the ranches. Annual disease incidence for disease classes and the most frequently reported individual disease conditions were determined and expressed on a per 100 cow basis. The mean annual disease incidences for all diseases in these herds were 48.8 and 47.7 new cases per 100 cows for rounds 2 and 3, respectively. The ranges for herd annual disease incidence were wide in both study years. The enteric disease class had the highest mean annual disease incidence in both years of the study, and this was primarily because of diarrhea of unknown cause in calves. Diarrhea of unknown cause accounted for approximately 25% of all new disease cases in both rounds of the study. The mean annual disease incidences were not different for any disease class between the two rounds. The data indicate that, on the average, diarrhea of unknown cause, pneumonia, dystocia, foot rot (interdigital necrobacillosis), pinkeye (infectious keratoconjunctivitis), respiratory tract infection, death of unknown cause, and nonpregnancy had the highest incidences in these Colorado beef herds during the study period. However, because of the wide variation of the predominant disease problems between herds, a herd's disease history as well as the common disease problems in the geographic area of a herd must be considered in designing a herd health program.     

Building a picture: Prioritisation of exotic diseases for the pig industry in Australia using multi-criteria decision analysis

Diseases that are exotic to the pig industry in Australia were prioritised using a multi-criteria decision analysis framework that incorporated weights of importance for a range of criteria important to industry stakeholders. Measurements were collected for each disease for nine criteria that described potential disease impacts. A total score was calculated for each disease using a weighted sum value function that aggregated the nine disease criterion measurements and weights of importance for the criteria that were previously elicited from two groups of industry stakeholders. One stakeholder group placed most value on the impacts of disease on livestock, and one group placed more value on the zoonotic impacts of diseases. Prioritisation lists ordered by disease score were produced for both of these groups. Vesicular diseases were found to have the highest priority for the group valuing disease impacts on livestock, followed by acute forms of African and classical swine fever, then highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome. The group who valued zoonotic disease impacts prioritised rabies, followed by Japanese encephalitis, Eastern equine encephalitis and Nipah virus, interspersed with vesicular diseases. The multi-criteria framework used in this study systematically prioritised diseases using a multi-attribute theory based technique that provided transparency and repeatability in the process. Flexibility of the framework was demonstrated by aggregating the criterion weights from more than one stakeholder group with the disease measurements for the criteria. This technique allowed industry stakeholders to be active in resource allocation for their industry without the need to be disease experts. We believe it is the first prioritisation of livestock diseases using values provided by industry stakeholders. The prioritisation lists will be used by industry stakeholders to identify diseases for further risk analysis and disease spread modelling to understand biosecurity risks to this industry.     

犬牙周病的临床研究进展

牙周病(periodontal disease, PD)是由细菌在牙齿表面聚集形成的牙菌斑和牙结石逐渐侵蚀牙周组织,引发周围组织炎症的一类疾病。根据疾病的发展进程,可分为齿龈炎与牙周炎2个阶段。在小动物临床疾病中牙周病尤为常见,世界范围内约有80%的成年犬患有该病。由于饲主对于犬的口腔保健意识薄弱且该疾病隐秘性较高,患犬就诊时往往已出现牙周支持组织不可逆的损伤,细菌及其毒力因子通过血液循环进入全身从而引发系统性疾病的风险大大提高。但目前犬牙周病的核心致病菌属、菌群失调的原因与发病机制尚不明确。因此,笔者基于高通量测序方法的病原学研究结果,分析与疾病发展相关的微生物群。同时,整合目前世界通用的最新犬牙周病临床诊断分级标准及犬牙周病的中西医防治方案,分析犬牙周病与全身系统性疾病之间的相关性,系统综述犬牙周病在国内外小动物临床领域的研究进展,以期为该类疾病的临床诊疗提供理论参考,推进兽医师在临床实践中更高效地开展该类疾病的诊疗工作,并为犬牙周病相关的临床研究提供思路。     

Costs of veterinary services and vaccines/drugs used for prevention and treatment of diseases in 86 Colorado cow-calf operations participating in the National Animal Health Monitoring System (1986-1988)

Eighty-six cow-calf operations involved in the Colorado National Animal Health Monitoring System were monitored for a 12-month period, and data were collected on the incidence, prevention, and costs of disease. The costs of veterinary services and vaccines/drugs used in the treatment and prevention of disease conditions in these beef herds were determined and expressed on a per cow basis. Beef producers in this study spent an average of $2.04 ($0 to $29.88) per cow annually on veterinary services for treatment of disease conditions. The cost of veterinary services was a relatively small percentage (5.4%) of the total mean cost of disease incidence. The reproductive tract disease class was the most costly class in terms of veterinary services for disease treatment ($0.99/cow). Dystocia was the disease condition with the largest veterinary treatment cost. The total mean annual cost of drugs used in the treatment of disease conditions was $1.22/cow. The enteric, miscellaneous, and respiratory tract disease classes had similar mean drug costs for disease treatment and ranged from $0.31 to $0.39/cow. The total mean annual cost of veterinary services for administration of preventive measures in these herds was $1.85/cow ($0 to $12.03). Pregnancy examination, breeding soundness examination in bulls, brucellosis vaccination, pulmonary arterial pressure test, and campylobacteriosis vaccination accounted for over 90% of the money spent for preventive veterinary services. Approximately 60% of the total mean annual disease prevention cost was attributed to the purchase of vaccines/drugs ($6.59/cow).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

浙江省淳安县发生桑叶菌核病的病原与发病规律调查

2011年秋季,浙江省淳安县的桑园大面积发生一种罕见的桑叶特大病斑病害。病叶呈现菌核病的典型症状:叶面形成灰褐色轮纹水渍状病斑,病斑随着病情发展以同心圆状向外延伸,颜色由里到外逐渐变深;叶背的灰色圆形病斑可见多个同心圆形绒毛状菌丝体和分生孢子。病斑与病斑外的部分组织以及病斑同心圆上的绒毛状组织于光学显微镜下可观察到菌丝体与分生孢子形态,病斑边缘组织块在PDA培养基上分离培养的病原菌都可观察到菌丝体形成的菌核。依据以上症状和病原真菌分离培养的形态特征,初步诊断该病为桑叶菌核病,病原为富克尔核盘菌[Sclerotinia fuckeliana(de Bary)Fuck.]。调查16个样点的480株桑树,株发病率为81.25%,叶发病率为37.63%,发病指数18.5。9～10月份气温24.4～18.7℃,多阴雨天,加之连片桑园通风透光能力较弱且相对湿度较大的环境条件,病原菌繁衍迅速,病害呈流行之势。尚未发现有明显抗性的桑树品种。     

Use of systemic disease signs to assess disease severity in dairy cows with acute coliform mastitis

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the use of systemic disease signs for classifying severity of acute coliform mastitis in dairy cows. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. ANIMALS: 144 dairy cows. PROCEDURE: Cows were examined at the time of initial identification of disease (time 0) and classified as having mild, moderate, or severe disease on the basis of rectal temperature, hydration status, rumen contraction rate, and attitude. A CBC and serum biochemical analyses were performed, and milk samples were submitted for bacterial culture at time 0 and 48 hours later. RESULTS: 69 cows were classified as having mild disease, 44 as having moderate disease, and 31 as having severe disease. Median WBC and neutrophil counts were significantly lower in cows with moderate or severe disease at time 0 than in cows with mild disease. Band neutrophil count was significantly higher at 48 hours and serum calcium concentration was significantly lower at time 0 and at 48 hours in cows with severe or moderate disease, compared with cows with mild disease. Twenty-eight, 51, and 77% of cows with mild, moderate, and severe disease, respectively, had > 100,000 colony-forming units/ml of milk at time 0. The odds that a cow with severe disease would die or be culled were 3.6 times the odds for a cow with moderate disease and 11.2 times the odds for a cow with mild disease. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggest that a classification scheme based on readily observable systemic disease signs can be used to classify disease severity in cows with acute coliform mastitis.     

Genetics of animal health and disease in cattle

There have been considerable recent advancements in animal breeding and genetics relevant to disease control in cattle, which can now be utilised as part of an overall programme for improved cattle health. This review summarises the contribution of genetic makeup to differences in resistance to many diseases affecting cattle. Significant genetic variation in susceptibility to disease does exist among cattle suggesting that genetic selection for improved resistance to disease will be fruitful. Deficiencies in accurately recorded data on individual animal susceptibility to disease are, however, currently hindering the inclusion of health and disease resistance traits in national breeding goals. Developments in 'omics' technologies, such as genomic selection, may help overcome some of the limitations of traditional breeding programmes and will be especially beneficial in breeding for lowly heritable disease traits that only manifest themselves following exposure to pathogens or environmental stressors in adulthood. However, access to large databases of phenotypes on health and disease will still be necessary. This review clearly shows that genetics make a significant contribution to the overall health and resistance to disease in cattle. Therefore, breeding programmes for improved animal health and disease resistance should be seen as an integral part of any overall national disease control strategy.     

红三叶白粉病危害损失通径分析及经济阈值的数学模型

本文在红三叶白粉(Erysiphe Polygoni DC.)病情田间调查的基础上,分析了发病率、严重度、病情指数与产量损失之间线性关系,并由此建立了红三叶白粉病防治的经济阈值模型。这一模型可为当地红三叶白粉病的防治提供参考。