耕牛血吸虫病治疗经验

1958年6月浙江省农业厅和卫生厅派来家畜血吸虫病调查队,在本县17个乡范围内进行了一次耕牛血吸虫病普查。经过一个多月的调查,共检查了耕牛7,359头,检出病牛1,471头;其中黄牛921头,占受检数的33.4%,水牛550头,占受检数的11.9%,平均感染率20%。这证明本县的耕牛血吸虫病十分严重,不但影响了耕牛健康,同时成为人血吸虫病的传染病源。如果不消灭家畜血吸虫病,就不能彻底消灭血吸虫病的流行。因此县委很重视,在9月5日全面开展防治工作,苦战一     

牛先天感染日本血吸虫一例报告

安庆血吸虫病防治所于1960年2月19日采用粪便(100克左右)沉淀-孵化法检查安庆专区农业科学研究所(前专区农场)耕牛血吸虫病,共检查27头,其中黄牛11头,水牛14头,荷兰公牛1     

应用吡喹酮治疗耕牛血吸虫病报告

湖北省是全国最严重的血吸虫病疫区之一,病人、病畜(主要是耕牛)居全口之首。自1992年实施世行贷款血防项目,应用吡喹酮大面积治疗耕牛血吸虫病以来,使我省耕牛疫情得到了明显遏制。1994年全省疫区耕牛存栏307443头,检查261542头,检出阳性病牛12554头,感染率为4.8％,利用吡喹酮治     

开展"四个突破"以实施科学防治血吸虫病

安徽省无为县位于长江下游北岸 ,血吸虫病流行区有 1 8个乡镇 ,钉螺面积 30 71 .6万 m2 ,存栏耕牛1 0 6 5 7头 ,猪 1 4 .7万只 ,羊 35 0 0只。“九五”初期 ,人、牛血吸虫病感染率分别为 2 2 .2 %和 3.9% ,是血吸虫病重疫区 ,通过开展“四个突破”实施科学防治 ,钉螺面积下降至 1 786 .4万 m2 ,人、畜血吸虫病感染率分别下降至 7.9%和1 .2 % ,经济社会效益显著 ,由国家级贫困县跨入全省畜牧业十强之列     

浙江省2005年家畜血吸虫病监测情况

2005年,浙江省通过明确任务、落实保障、细化监测方案等措施,超额完成监测任务。全省今年共监测耕牛6 372头,未发现1例血吸虫病病牛,继续保持血吸虫病传播阻断标准,较好地巩固了血防成果。     

大桥铺村急性血吸虫病突发后的疫情分析

1 基本情况 阳新县龙港镇大桥铺村位于富河北岸.16个村民小组(多数沿河岸而居)805户,总人口3 940人.其中疫区人口2 100人,劳力1 600余人;耕地面积246.67hm2,其中水田133.33hm2.大桥畈80hm2(疫水灌溉面积).现有钉螺面积11.53hm2,其中易感面积7.8hm2.耕牛存栏164头,其中疫区耕牛109头,另有55头属非疫区耕牛(机构改革两村合并后耕牛);山羊170只.2003年,人医血防查出慢性血吸虫病人197人;病牛28头.因生产、生活需要接触疫水,耕牛及山羊成为重要传染源,严重威胁着人民的身体健康.     

塑料顶罐法和三角烧瓶法检查耕牛血吸虫病的效果对比试验

<正> 八二年我县在苏家当搞血吸虫病流行病学调查时,进行了塑料顶罐法和三角烧瓶法检查耕牛血吸虫病的效果对比试验。方法是每头每次牛粪分成数量相等的二份,一份用塑料顶罐孵化,一份用三角烧瓶孵化。试验结果:采取三粪六检共查耕牛129头,塑料顶罐法检查出阳性牛21头,三角烧瓶法检出阳性牛14头,塑料顶罐法比三角烧瓶法提高     

安徽省怀宁县耕牛血吸虫病的调查与防治

安徽省怀宁县属洲滩型血吸虫病流行区,自９０年至９８年对疫区耕牛进行了查治工作,共查耕牛５０１２３头次,查出血吸虫病牛２７４５头次,治疗或扩大化疗耕牛１１３９２头次,耕牛血吸虫病感染率由８９年的１３．１％下降至９８年的５．８８％,结果表明,所实施的人、畜同步化疗,净化草洲,严禁外来病原侵入,植树造林改造钉螺孳生环境等措施是有效的。     

实行承包制,搞好耕牛血防工作

我区是全省血吸虫病的重疫区之一。疫区耕牛46992头,现有钉螺面积26万余亩。随着农村生产责任制的落实,我区耕牛血吸虫病的防治工作取得了较好的成绩,查治质量不断提高,近两年疫区耕牛感染血吸虫病的数量显著下降,病牛感染率由1958年的16%和1980年     

山区家畜日本血吸虫病的防治

根据山区家畜日本血吸虫病流行病学调查研究 ,揭示了山区家畜血吸虫病流行严重且呈回升趋势。调查的清源乡 1 986年病人曾下降到 2 .9% ,本次调查回升到 1 3.3%。耕牛感染率从 2 0 %上升到2 8%。通过调查 ,耕牛在血吸虫病流行病学中占主要地位。在传播血吸虫病病源中起主导作用。同时还揭示了过去在防治血吸虫病中存在的一些技术问题。查治时间局限于 5～ 7月 ,忽略了当年 7～ 1 1月感染病畜的存在。成为翌年感染钉螺的主要传染源。1　方法1 .1　检查用塑料盅、玻璃顶管棉析法查粪 ,一粪三检直接检查毛蚴。1 .2　治疗药物用世行贷款项目指定…     

白术、微米白术和白术多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道形态及微生态区系的影响

试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。     

Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia

Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Y‐chromosomal variation of local goat breeds of Turkey close to the domestication centre

Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Changes in proportion of canine urinary calculi composed of calcium oxalate or struvite in specimens analyzed from 1981 through 2001

The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.     

Smart Phone Assisted City-scale Wireless Sensor Network Deployment for Transportation System Monitoring

<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems.