基于市场分析的中国生物质成型燃料状况

研究了2010年中国生物质成型燃料,尤其是农林剩余物成型燃料的发展情况.首先讨论了生物质成型燃料技术及其分类,然后分析了农林剩余物资源状况和能源利用潜能,最后对中国各个地区的生物质成型燃料发展状况进行了市场分析和优势、劣势、机会、挑战分析.分析表明:主要的农业剩余物和大部分林业剩余物可作为生物质成型燃料的良好原料,具有很大的能源利用潜能;在华中、华东、华南、华北和东北等地区生物质成型燃料市场发展情况较好;发展和提高生物质成型燃料技术及成型燃料燃烧技术,为成型燃料提供更多的激励和支持政策,建立更多成型燃料示范基地,提高公众环保意识及限制煤的不合理利用等将有利于中国生物质成型燃料的发展.     

基于采伐剩余物的生物质固体燃料生态效益分析

以采伐剩余物为原料发展生物质固体燃料技术,能有效缓解我国林木质资源浪费和能源匮乏现象。采用简化LCA法和IPCC法,对以采伐剩余物为原料的生物质固体燃料技术应用,从收集直至转化为可利用能源的全过程生态效益进行评价。结果表明:采伐剩余物在生物质发电过程产生的总碳排放为0.82 t/hm2,碳汇为17.55 t/hm2,净碳为16.73 t/hm2,净固定CO2为61.38 t/hm2,表现出"碳汇功能";产生碳排放最多的是加工成型阶段,占总碳排放的68.97%;其次是燃料使用阶段,占14.94%;运输阶段受运距影响,在原材料运距20 km产生的碳排放占5.57%;成品运距30 km,产生的碳排放占7.21%;人工收集阶段产生的碳排放最少,占3.31%。能量效率为0.032,转化效率较高。从生态效益角度来看,生物质固体成型燃料技术具有较大的优势。     

林业“三剩物”的开发利用现状和前景概述

目前国内"三剩物"(采伐剩余物、造材剩余物和加工剩余物)以作为人造板和制浆造纸的原料、制备化学品以及作为直接和间接燃料的形式被利用.国际上林业剩余物能源的研究开发主要集中于气化(使有机物转化成可燃气体)、液化(利用生物发酵或酸水解技术制取乙醇和通过热解等技术转化成液化油)和固化(林业剩余物能源固化成型技术).未来林业"三剩物"的开发利用将集中在:作为木材的替代资源的开发利用;以木材"三剩物"和次小薪材为原料生产加工综合利用产品;林业"三剩物"高品质生物质能源产品的开发.     

大力促进林木生物质成型燃料的产业化发展

我国林业剩余物年总量达10亿t之多,对其加工成林木生物质成型燃料具有巨大的生态、经济和社会效益,本文对林木生物质成型燃料产业化发展的重要意义、可行性和存在的问题进行分析,并提出建议。     

采伐剩余物固化成型技术

当今,采伐剩余物最有效的利用方式就是将其固化成能源燃料,本文着重介绍了采伐剩余物固化成型技术开发利用研究的意义和国内外最先进的固化成型技术和工艺装备。     

生物质成型燃料加工装备发展现状及趋势

从世界化石能源面临枯竭的角度出发,介绍了中国生物质资源状况和国内外生物质成型燃料成型技术及成型设备的应用现状,并针对中国的国情,提出了发展生物质成型燃料的途径和方法,以便充分、有效地利用农林剩余物等生物质资源.     

“以煤代木”节省资源

黑龙江林区居民生活、取暖所需燃料以木质燃料为主,主要是采伐剩余物、造材剩余物、加工剩余物(简称三个剩余物)及小量的薪炭材。仅省森工总局系统每年就要消耗407万 m~3烧柴。由于林业资源枯竭,为合理开发利用森林资源,给予森林资源休养生息的时间,木材的年产量每年都要缩减,最终要达到合理采伐量。这样以来,“三个剩余     

生物质固体成型燃料研究进展

农林废弃物的资源化利用对于低碳环保和我国的能源结构转型具有十分重要的意义,介绍了农林废弃物的燃料化利用途径,归纳总结了生物质固体成型燃料在成型工艺,以及成型质量影响因素和炭化成型所用粘结剂等领域的研究现状,展望了生物质固体成型燃料性能的发展趋势,并提出了目前生物质固体成型燃料存在的问题及改进建议。     

林业剩余物颗粒燃料成型工艺

分析了环模孔长径比、林业剩余物的粒度、含水率和进料转速对颗粒燃料成型的影响,并找出了杉木、松木、樟木、杂灌、锯末、竹屑6种林业剩余物的颗粒燃料较佳成型工艺条件.检测结果显示,生产的林业剩余物颗粒燃料的密度在1.1 g/cm3以上,以杉木和松木为原料的颗粒燃料的热值最高,超过17 800 kJ/kg.     

云南省中低产林改造剩余物的利用现状及发展前景分析

云南省计划进行400万hm2的中低产林改造任务,改造过程中必将产生巨量的采伐剩余物.林业采伐剩余物的高价值利用愈来愈被重视.文中阐述了云南林业采伐剩余物开发利用现状及省外、国外林业采伐剩余物开发利用的先进技术.对云南省林业采伐剩余物的开发利用前景做了展望.     

广东省发展生物质能源林潜力及前景的研究

在能源日益紧缺的今天,发展生物质能源林,无疑是开发新型可替代能源的一种有效途径。文章针对广东省自然地理特点,对发展生物质能源林的潜力及前景进行了概述,力求在全省发展林木生物质能源方面探索出一条新思路,为林业的可持续发展提供依据。     

奥地利森林可持续经营对湖南林业的可借鉴经验

通过在奥地利的学习、考察和交流,深入了解奥地利林业在森林可持续发展经营、近自然林业经营技术、木材资源利用、林业扶持政策、林业人才培养、湿地型国家公园管理、林业科学研究和科技推广应用等方面的先进理念,对比分析湖南林业发展的不足之处,借鉴奥地利林业健全的林业法律规章和制度体系、扎实的林业人才培养与技能培训和深入人心的社区林业经验等可持续发展经验,为进一步推动湖南林业转型升级和实现森林可持续发展提供参考。     

普洱市发展生物质固体燃料产业的前景与对策

介绍了普洱市的能源消费现状与工业生物质能终端消费情况,分析了普洱市林业、农业秸秆资源概况,展望了普洱市发展生物质固体燃料产业的前景,提出了发展对策,指出普洱市可基于现有较发达的木材工业体系,优先建立与发展基于林业生物质资源的生物质固体燃料产业带。     

浅述凌源地区文冠果能源林培育和发展

林业生物质能源是我国可再生能源发展的基本特色,具有巨大的发展潜力。加快林业生物质资源培育,对履行国际义务,拓展现代林业新领域、新内容具有十分重要意义。文冠果是凌源地区乡土能源林树种,文中介绍了文冠果能源林发展思路、培育技术,以此推动文冠果能源林产业的发展。     

无害于环境的森林采运方法

无害于环境的森林采运方法是指有利于森林可持续生长,林业可持续经营并可持续发展的森林采运方法.联合国粮农组织已提出了具体标准并已为一些实例研究所验证.我国有条件也有必要实施这一方法.     

Greenhouse gas balance of harvesting stumps and logging residues for energy in Sweden

Abstract

In this case study, forest fuel procurement chains of stumps and logging residues were evaluated using a Life Cycle Assessment perspective. Direct emissions from combustion were not included, but soil organic carbon change was included as changes in carbon stocks in litter and soil. The results showed that primary forest biomass for energy has a climate impact which is time dependent. However, in long-time perspectives, there are large greenhouse gas (GHG) savings. In a short-term (20 years), there were no GHG savings when natural gas or coal was replaced. This is due to the fact that the harvest lead to decreased input of organic matter to the soil which is compared to a reference where biomass are left to decompose. The reduction in soil organic carbon may have been underestimated in the stump harvest systems studied, as the effect of soil disturbance per se was not included. Important factors when assessing GHG balance of forest fuels, besides the time horizon used, were site productivity, geographical position and forest fuel resource (stumps or logging residues). When assessing the greenhouse gas savings, efficiency of the end-use, allocation method between heat and power and type of fossil fuel replaced were also important.     

基于清洁生产的工业原料林采伐利用

在工业原料林采伐利用中,为达到既有利于企业提高经济效益又有利于森林生态环境的保护,实现森林资源和林业的可持续发展的目的。以清洁生产的理念为指导,介绍了清洁生产的内涵和目标,提出了工业原料林采伐利用中实现清洁生产的建议和对策。     

Energy and carbon dioxide (CO2) balance of logging residues as alternative energy resources: system analysis based on the method of a life cycle inventory (LCI) analysis

Using the method of a life cycle inventory (LCI) analysis, the energy balance and the carbon dioxide (CO₂) emission of logging residues from Japanese conventional forestry as alternative energy resources were analyzed over the entire life cycle of the residues. The fuel consumption for forestry machines was measured in field experiments for harvesting and transporting logging residues at forestry operating sites in Japan. In addition, a total audit of energy consumption was undertaken. It involved an assessment of materials, construction, and the repair and maintenance of forestry machines as well as the costs associated with an energy-conversion plant. As a result, the ratio of energy output to input was calculated to be 5.69, indicating that the system examined in this study could be feasible as an energy production system. The CO₂ emission per MWh_e (e: electricity) of the biomass-fired power generation plant was calculated to be 61.8kgCO₂/MWh_e, while that of coal-fired power generation plants in Japan is 960kgCO₂/MWh_e. Therefore, the reduction in the amount of CO₂ emission that would result from replacing coal with biomass for power generation by as much as 3.0 million dry-t/year of logging residues in Japan was estimated to be 1.66 million tCO₂/year, corresponding to 0.142% of the national CO₂ emission. This study provides evidence that Japan could reduce its domestic CO₂ emission by using logging residues as alternative energy resources.     

Standardized processes of biomass briquetting densification fuel

Forest biomass resources are available in enormous quantities in China.The development of forest biomass briquetting densification fuel,which has a high calorific value,can ease the energy shortage in China.But the molding technology is still at the primary stage with many questions unresolved,such as unequal distribution of resources,imperfect technology and an inadequate mechanism of market supply and demand.There are no consistent production and quality standards to refer to,which seriously hinder the industrialization of biomass molding technology.Hence,it is imperative to speed up the formulation of production standards of biomass briquetting densification fuel which not only conform to international standards,but are in accordance with national conditions in China.Drawing on the standards of biomass briquetting densification fuel in Europe,a standard system should be concerned with raw material collection,transport and storage of the end products,terminology,denomination and classification of molding equipment,as well as with technical conditions,testing methods,safety and environmental protection.The establishment of a standard system is useful for the development of a healthy,orderly and sustainable biomass fuel industry.