山茱萸丰产树形指标调研报告

山茱萸丰产树形指标调研报告方明举，罗新宇（南阳地区林业局）山茱萸栽培能否实现丰产稳产，主要表现在植株的表型形态上。实践证明，营养生长和生殖生长是相互联系和相互制约的。对山茱萸的丰产栽培，应把注意力集中在植株的表型形态上。加强协调营养生长和生殖生长的关...     

植物生长调节剂PP333对凯特杏生长效应研究

凯特杏幼树营养生长旺盛,单一靠修剪技术难以实现早期结果丰产,在科学合理修剪的基础上,应用植物生长抑制剂PP333进行调控,结果表明凯特杏施用PP333后,新梢长度明显降低,粗度增加减缓,节间短,花芽数明显增加,单果质量增加明显,单株产量显著增加;施用植物生长抑制剂PP333能促进凯特杏幼树由营养生长向生殖生长转化,提高产量和经济效益.     

降低板栗空苞率关键技术

板栗Castancamollissima Blume有机物的积累与磷至关重要。磷在板栗的营养生长和生殖生长中起着生理生化的调控作用。其生长、开花、结果等一系列的物质转化、能量转化、信息转化都离不开磷的参与。因此,磷是板栗植株体内物质间相互调节、控制、激发、转化的中心。笔者在板栗丰产栽培实践中采取秋冬施磷肥能显著降低板栗空苞率,具体做法总结如下,供同仁参考。     

攀枝花麻疯树生殖年龄问题的初步研究

本文研究了不同立地条件麻疯树生殖年龄的问题。研究表明。土壤厚度和群落环境是影响林分生殖年龄的主要因素,前者影响了土壤水分和营养元素供给,后者影响了更新个体的光能利用。表明,生殖是一个营养问题,是营养生长到一定阶段的产物,受到个体发育的立地条件调控。还提出了麻疯树林分促成结实的管理措施。     

夏季修剪对幼龄凤丹生长结果的影响

对3年生凤丹进行了去除顶果、去除顶果+去梢的夏季修剪试验,调查不同处理对植株营养生长和生殖生长的影响。结果表明,去除顶部果实并不能促进树体的营养生长和花芽分化;剪除顶部枝叶越多对树体的营养生长和花芽分化的抑制越大,翌年结籽量越低。因此,对于幼龄凤丹的枝条,适宜采取任其自然生长的缓放处理。     

赣无系列油茶幼林生长特性与林分产量结构特征

初步分析了赣无系列油茶无性系幼林的始产期营养生长与生殖生长特性及林分产量结构特征。结果表明,试验林早实丰产,营养生长分化程度小;始产期林分生殖生长分化强烈,经营者后期管理措施影响林分群体始产期的产量结构和林分产量。     

成花调节在林木育种中的应用

花发育是一个复杂的形态建成过程,了解林木花发育分子机理对实现林木的遗传调控具有重要意义。本文综述林木成花的分子机制的研究进展和以转基因等技术定向调控林木及木本经济作物生殖生长的实践案例,并对成花调节在林木育种中的应用前景进行展望。     

磷对板栗丰产的作用机理与技术措施

磷对板栗丰产的作用机理与技术措施薛家翠（湖北省林业科技推广中心）磷在板栗的营养生长和生殖生长中起着生理生化的调控作用。其生长、开花、结果等一系列的物质转化、能量转化、信息转化都离不开磷的参与。因此，磷是板栗植株体内物质间相互调节、控制、激发、转化的中...     

澳洲坚果幼龄结果树的栽培管理

澳洲坚果经过4～5年的营养生长后,开始开花结果。澳洲坚果幼龄结果树同时承担着生长和结果的双重任务,其管理要求是协调营养生长和生殖生长的关系,以达到优质、丰产、稳产的目标。     

灌溉对群众杨生长条件的调控作用的研究

我国干旱地区,由于气候条件、自然地理环境差,严重限制了林木生长,其中水分因子对林木生长的影响尤其明显。因此研究供水对杨树人工林生长的调控作用和合理灌溉量,对西北地区杨树人工林速生丰产具有十分重要的指导作用,可为西北干旱区对水资源的开发利用及生态和社会效益的的估提供科学依据。     

Morphology diversity and selection ofPinus sibirica

The development characteristics variation of the vegetative structure in the different morphotypes trees crowns are regarded as a result of the genetic differentiation and environment interaction. The morphohysiological characteristics and the evaluation of their function in meaning the morphogeny of different sex and position of crown shoots are used to reveal means of morphotype forming inPinus sibirica. It has been found that the differences of activity and direction was changed of shoots growth characteristics in ontogeny of trees with different growth and reproductive activity, and that the size of the individual meristematic layer in the vegetative and generative apex differ and increase with its age. Transmission from vegetative to the reproductive stage in contrast of age modification is correlated with the sudden increased of the medullar parenchyma size. Thus the intensification of mitotic activity in the medullar zone of the apex and the increase in apical size precedes the shoot feminization. The large activity of stem unit which correlated slightly with its unit stem change is inherent in the male and asexual tree morphotypes. (Responsible Editor: Zhu Hong)     

Morphology Diversity and Selection of Pinus sibirica

INTRoDUCTIONAnowledgeofMurPhy-physiologicalstateofsepa-ratetissuesandorgansduringmorPhogenyisoneofba-sicconditionsfordetern1iningthedirectionofdevelop-ment.SoitisnecessarytostudythemorphoIogicaIandphysiologicalregularitiesofgrowthandtherepreduction.Itisac…     

不同根域空间对寒富苹果幼树生长发育影响的研究

通过对寒富苹果幼树限根栽培,研究了根系及枝条生长发育对不同根域空间处理的响应。结果表明,根系总量随根域空间减小而减少,而细根比例及根系密度增加;根域空间越小新梢停长越早,盆栽植株新梢只有1次生长高峰,而槽栽植株新梢有2次生长高峰;随着根域空间减小,干周、枝条数量、长枝比例减小,树冠受到明显的抑制,但短枝比例、成花枝比例、花芽数均增加。根域限制改变了寒富苹果幼树树体建造过程,使之有利于向生殖发育方向转变。     

Impacts of fructification on biomass production and correlated genetic effects in Norway spruce (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Picea abies</Emphasis> [L.] Karst.)

For the period 2003–2006, fructification of Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) was recorded at the Kranzberg forest site in Southern Germany by employing a crane with access to the canopy of more than 266 trees. For each tree, stem diameter and growth parameters were assessed annually as well as biomass of cones and seeds, number of seeds per cone, and proportions of empty seeds for a total of 371 trees with cone crop. Genotypes at 19 enzyme coding gene loci of 110 trees were included in the study of correlations between morphological and genetic traits. Re-scaling the observed values for a virtual pure Norway spruce stand of 1 ha, cone biomass including winged seeds (oven-dried at 38°C) varied between 706.8 kg/ha in 2006 (average value per tree was 3.6 kg) and values close to zero in 2005. Corresponding values for vegetative biomass increment of the coning trees in 2006 were 9,273.0 kg/ha and 10.8 kg/tree. A significant higher biomass investment was determined for dominant trees in terms of absolute cone mass as well as in terms of cone mass relative to vegetative biomass and fructification frequency. No trade-off effects in decreased vegetative biomass growth were found in the fructification year, compared to trees that did not grow cones. Although the dominant trees invested proportionally considerable biomass in cones, they showed no significant reduction in vegetative biomass growth. In the following year no decrease in vegetative growth was detected. Based on logistic regressions and homogeneity tests, respectively, significant genetic effect became evident with respect to the gene loci AAP-B and AAT-C concerning fructification probability in the year with maximum generative biomass investment. These and closely related loci also have been found to be indicative for growth and viability, respectively, in other species.     

Effects of bark harvest and other human activity on populations of the African cherry (Prunus africana) on Mount Oku, Cameroon

Bark extracts from the African cherry, Prunus africana (Rosaceae), are a popular treatment for enlarged prostates. Harvests of the bark began in Cameroon in the 1970s. Because of concerns regarding the sustainability of the trade, the species is included on the IUCN Red List and in CITES Appendix II. This study followed five P. africana populations in the Kilum-Ijim Forest Preserve on Mount Oku, Cameroon, examining growth, mortality and reproductive parameters, as well as response to harvest and other human activities. During the first part of the study (1998–1999), the forest had limited human activity; by the second part (2007–2008), more activity was apparent, including wildfires, grazing and a forest-wide bark harvest in 2005/2006. Over the study period, population structure differed from a typical J-shaped frequency curve for long-lived species, which may reflect past harvesting. After the 2005/2006 harvest, the population structure had shifted slightly toward the smaller size classes. In addition, the number of surviving trees was reduced in all size classes. About half of the reproductive trees died during the study. Size class was not a significant predictor of death, but the location of the harvest (plot) was. All trees affected by wildfires died, suggesting that the species is not adapted to fire. Trees that were harvested without disrupting the vascular cambium survived better and had minimal loss of crown. Thus, the fate of the trees in a given plot may lie in the care taken by an individual harvester. Average growth (0.34 cm per year) was not significantly different among the size classes. Crown die-back significantly reduced fruit production, obscuring the asynchronous alternating fruiting pattern. Seedling numbers followed a similar alternating pattern, but survival was negligible due to grazing. The combined factors of mortalities of a large percentage of reproductive trees (especially the largest ones), highly reduced fruit production and poor seedling survival offer a bleak prognosis for future regeneration and long-term persistence of the species in this forest. Only after decades of harvest are existing standing crop inventories and scientifically based annual quotas now being determined. It is known that the trees are easily domesticated. Efforts have been intensified to train villagers and community forest managers in vegetative propagation techniques and nursery practices, offering some hope that the species can be successfully managed to provide for sustainable harvests and dependable rural livelihoods.     

三种森林类型不同龄组林木年均生长量差异性分析

为掌握闽北地区杉木、马尾松和阔叶树3种主要森林类型不同龄组林木年均生长量差异程度和变化趋势,以福建省松溪县362个样地调查数据为基础,测算每个样地林木单株年均生长量;分幼龄林、中龄林、近熟林和成熟林4个龄组,采用SPSS软件,进行不同龄组单株年均生长量差异性分析;结果表明：杉木组间差异显著,马尾松组间差异极为显著,阔叶树各龄组年均生长量没有显著差异.     

云南苍山洱海国家级自然保护区苍山片区森林资源现状及评价

基于云南苍山洱海国家级自然保护区苍山片区2019年森林资源管理一张图数据,利用ArcGIS软件,对该区域的森林资源现状进行分析和评价。结果表明:(1)该区有林地占优势,森林覆盖率相对较高;(2)森林以天然林为主,乔木优势树种主要为栎类、云南松和华山松;(3)林地活立木公顷蓄积量相对较低,乔木林各龄组中幼龄林、中龄林、近熟林所占比例比较均衡,所占比重较大,林木正处于快速生长期,林地生产力正处于快速生长阶段;(4)苍山片区林地资源丰富且分布较均匀,林地利用率较高;(5)牧草地在非林地和实验区中占比最大,有利于开展草原生态系统监测、科研和发展生态旅游等;(6)苍生片区集体土地所占比例较高,人为干扰较大,对防范森林火灾、森林资源管理带来较大压力。