Electrochemical Oxidation of Aqueous Phenol at Carbon Nanotube Electrode

To investigate the effects of human soluble TRAIL(sTRAIL) on cell growth and apoptosis of hepatocellular carThe electrochemical oxidation of aqueous phenol at pure carbon nanotube electrode has been studied by cyclic voltammetry.The results have shown that in the potential region of water stability,fine oxidation current curve can be obtained.The electricity of oxidation peak is partly linear with phenol concentration.Comparing with traditional carbon electrode,better results have been obtained with the pure carbon nanotube electrode.Depending on it,it is possible to obtain the complete combustion of phenol to CO_2,which can avoid electrode fouling and poor repeatability.     

Experimental Studies on Electrolyte-gated Carbon Nanotube Field Effect Transitors

Owing to unique structure and characteristic of carbon nanotubes, much more are attractions, especially in molecular elements, including field effect transitorsmade of carbon nanotubes. Carbon nanotube field effect transitors with electrolyte-gated are investgated. Carbon nanotubes on glass substrate in this study are fabricated by hot filament vapor deposition using Fe / Ni as catalyst. Optimized multi-walled carbon nanobute transistors are made with Ag contact electrodes, and the KCl solution is used as a gate. Experimental results show that the electrolyte-gated carbon nanotube transitors exhibited a good voltage-current characteristic. The transconductance is about 0.5 mA/V at 2 V. The results obtained are discussed.     

基于碳晶电热膜的温室育苗保温加温系统研究

为解决冬春季温室育苗环境温度低的问题,设计基于碳晶电热膜的温室育苗保温加温系统,并于冬季最冷时段在河北省永清县的连栋玻璃温室内对系统的保温加温性能进行实际测试。以无加温育苗试验区作为对照,研究分析碳晶电热膜根区加温对基质温度和空气温度的影响,探讨苗床上保温覆盖的保温作用和加温的均匀性。结果表明,单层膜保温覆盖可使加温育苗区内空气平均温度值较温室内高1℃;碳晶电热膜加温可使基质温度平均值及最低值提高7.3℃和10.7℃;基质温度最低值偏离度为2.9%,平均值为6.1%。基于碳晶电热膜的温室育苗保温加温系统可有效提高育苗环境温度且加温均匀性高,为培育高质量种苗提供有力保障。     

纳米碳管在电解法处理含铜废水中的应用研究

为了解决含铜工业废水对环境、土壤及生物的危害,以镀有纳米碳管的钢板为阴极,对含铜废液进行了电解研究。测定了不同影响因素下（电解时间及电流等）重金属铜的去除率,并分析了含纳米碳管阴极电解法去除Cu2+的机理。结果表明,在其它条件相同的条件下,随着时间和电流的增加,去除率逐渐上升。而且随钢板上纳米碳管的数量升高,去除率明显升高。本试验最佳情况下,含有纳米碳管的阴极钢板比没有含有纳米碳管的阴极钢板去除率高40%左右。     

聚乙烯果蔬保鲜膜的透气和透湿性能与温度变化的关系

在不同温度条件下测定聚乙烯果蔬保鲜膜的氧气、二氧化碳渗透系数和水蒸气渗透率,通过Arrhenius公式关联得出,温度与各个渗透系数和渗透率之间具有很好的相关性,相关系数均在0．97以上。并给出了温度与各个渗透系数和渗透率之间的关系式。根据此关系式,可以计算出任何温度条件下聚乙烯果蔬保鲜膜的氧气、二氧化碳渗透系数和水蒸气渗透率。     

Preparation and characterization of carbon cones by reaction plasma

Carbon cones are prepared on Si substrates film in plasma-enhanced hot filament chemical vapor deposition system using CH4, H2 and NH3 as the reaction gas, and the substrates are deposited with Ti and carbon film, respectively. Morphology and structure of the carbon cones are characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX)and micro-Raman spectroscopy. The SEM results indicate that the carbon cones are formed on the Si substrate deposited with carbon film. Furthermore, the EDX and Raman spectra indicate that the formed carbon cones are carbon nitride structure, which are composed of sp 3 C-N, sp 2 C and sp 2 C=N bonds. According to the mechanisms of sputtering and diffusion, the formation of carbon cones is analyzed. Simultaneously, the photoluminescence background in the Raman spectrum of carbon cones is analyzed, and results indicate that the carbon cone evolves from nonpolar carbon material to polarity carbon material due to the doping of nitrogen.     

Quantitative study on solid slag film’s crystallinity of mould fluxes by using DSC method

The method to determine the crystallinity of solid slag film is established by analyzing the DSC curve of solid slag film and corresponding quenched slag. The accuracy of the method is investigated by measurements of prepared samples whose crystallinity is given. In addition, the solid slag films of mold slags used to cast medium carbon steel and low carbon steel are obtained by heat flux simulator in laboratory, and the crystallinity of the two kinds of slag film are also measured by DSC method. Experimental results indicates that the crystallinity of solid slag film can be determined by comparing the crystallization enthalpy of solid slag film and corresponding quenched slag during heating process, and the relative error is within 5.03%. For medium carbon steel, the crystalline fraction of solid slag film is 88.6%, while the crystalline fraction of solid slag film corresponding to low carbon steel is 55.0%. The results are consistent with actual structure of solid slag films.     

Heat transfer performance analysis of lithium bromide solution falling film evaporation in vertical tube

For making the refrigeration system directly driven by low temperature waste flue gas heat more efficiently,an experimental research on the heat transfer of vertical in tube laminar falling film with different heat fluxes and different concentrations of lithium bromide solution is conducted.The outcome of falling film evaporation experiments show that the heat transfer coefficient increases with the decrease of inlet concentration of lithium bromide solution and significantly increases with the increase of heat flux.Based on multiple linear regression calculation of experimental data,an experimental correlation of falling film heat transfer coefficient is obtained.A falling film generator of lithium bromide absorption chiller is designed from the correlation,and the immersed generator whose heat load is equal to the falling film generator is designed.The comparison of the two generators on heat transfer coefficient,weight and volume of heat transfer components shows that the falling film generator has great advantages.     

神经网络自变量输入模式的视电阻率求解算法

根据瞬变电磁场理论公式中的响应和自变量之间的关系特点,提出用非线性方程模式的BP神经网络求解电阻率。通过构造单输入单输出网络结构,建立以不同时间点上的电流归一化的感应电压值为输入、视电阻率值为输出的神经网络,来拟合瞬变电磁场的二次涡流曲线。利用数值方法计算出的数据验证该训练网络的精确性,比较了不同算法对训练精度和收敛速度产生的影响。以重庆大学某处的防空洞探测实验为例验证了该算法的有效性,该算法避开具体的复杂电磁场计算或数值反问题计算,从而实现电阻率快速计算,为快速成像准备必要条件。     

Research on Mechanism of the MOCVD Preparation of Mo_2C Film

The paper intends to go theoretically into the mechanism of physical chemistry of the preparation of Mo 2C film by using MOCVD.It has proved,by the result of experiment,in the process of the preparation of Mo 2C,that the two-step mechanism which Mo(CO) 6 should follow:firstly,Mo(CO) 6 is absorbed by the fundamental bottom and does a phase change;and secondly,it is decomposed.the process of decomposition of Mo(CO) 6 is a sequential one,which is finally carbonized into Mo 2C film from Mo.By applying Gibbs functional smallness principle to the calculation of Gibbs function of chemistry reaction in MOCVD when it deposits Mo 2C film,the best temperature of preparing film is probed.     

二氧化碳高渗透性保鲜膜包装对鸭梨采后生理与贮藏品质的影响

以微孔保鲜膜为对照,研究二氧化碳高渗透性保鲜膜包装对7个月贮藏期间鸭梨采后生理和贮藏品质的影响。结果表明,二氧化碳高渗透性保鲜膜具有较高的二氧化碳渗透系数和很高的二氧化碳/氧气渗透系数比,在保持包装袋内较低二氧化碳浓度的同时也能维持较低的氧气浓度。两种保鲜膜包装袋内的二氧化碳浓度均低于0.5%的水平;微孔保鲜膜包装袋内的氧气浓度接近于空气(20%左右),二氧化碳高渗透性保鲜膜包装袋内的氧气浓度在5%～6%之间;二氧化碳高渗透性保鲜膜包装的鸭梨贮藏期间果实的可溶性固形物和VC含量显著高于微孔膜包装(P0.05),细胞的相对电导率和丙二醛含量显著低于微孔膜包装的果实(P0.05);两种包装的鸭梨果心褐变程度无明显差异。二氧化碳高渗透性保鲜膜包装有利于延缓鸭梨采后衰老进程,保持果实的良好品质。     

青海东部地膜覆盖对土壤固碳能力和肥力水平的影响

为探究青海东部地区地膜覆盖条件下单施化肥对土壤固碳能力和土壤肥力的影响,为实现该地区地膜覆盖种植方式生产的可持续发展提供理论依据。通过对青海东部地区旱地玉米农田连续3年田间覆膜试验,研究地膜覆盖条件下单施化肥栽培模式对耕层(0~20 cm)土壤有机碳(SOC)、活性有机碳(LOC)、碳库管理指数(CMI)、可提取腐殖质碳(C_HE)、胡敏酸碳(C_HA)和富里酸碳(C_FA)的影响。结果表明：覆膜条件下单施化肥栽培模式的SOC、LOC和CMI均小于露地对照;C_HE、C_HA和C_FA均随着种植年限的增加而有所增加,但其增加程度总体上均小于露地对照。随着种植年限的增加,至2020年地膜覆盖土壤LOC/SOC值比试验开始前降低了4.97%,而露地对照则升高了1.11%;同时地膜覆盖有机碳氧化稳定系数(KOS)均高于露地对照;土壤C_HA/C_FA值和PQ值均大于露地对照。单施化肥条件下连续地膜覆盖栽培模式使土壤固碳能力有所下降,土壤有机碳趋于稳定而不利于被生物利用;使土壤肥力下降,土壤质量向不良方向发展,长期以往可能会对该地区作物产量的稳定性和持续生产产生不利的影响。     

不同地膜覆盖对土壤温度及水分的影响

地膜覆盖栽培技术的发展虽然极大地提高了农作物的产量,给农民带来巨大的经济效益,但同时也导致农田土壤污染现象的产生,为此发展可降解地膜势在必行。为了探讨可降解地膜覆盖的田间效应,在大田条件下,通过可降解地膜、液态地膜、普通地膜覆盖及露地栽培玉米对比试验,研究了可降解地膜、液态地膜覆盖对土壤温度和水分的影响。结果表明,可降解地膜覆盖能够明显提高地下5~20 cm的土壤温度,提高地下0~40 cm的土壤水分。可降解地膜覆盖对土壤的保温保水作用与普通地膜相当,以可降解地膜取代普通地膜应用于农业生产具有可行性。液态地膜由于受降雨影响较大,在露地种植的情况下应当慎用。     

烤烟小苗膜下移栽膜内外温度关系研究

为探索烤烟小苗膜下移栽适宜的破口温度及大小,为指导大田生产提供理论依据。笔者通过大田试验,比较了白、黑膜膜内外空气温度、塘底土壤温度及不同破口大小的温度变化。结果表明：随着田间空气温度的增加,膜内空气温度随之大幅度增加,白膜膜内温度均大于黑膜膜内温度。当田间空气温度低于20℃时,通过小苗膜下移栽改变烟苗生长环境可达到保温的作用;田间空气温度高于27℃时,膜内空气温度达到45℃时,应及时进行破大孔处理,以防高温灼伤烟苗。在环境温度可以保障烟苗生长需求的前提下,较早破口相对利于烟苗生长。     

生物降解膜覆盖马铃薯增产机理研究

[目的]为了探明广东省冬种马铃薯使用生物降解膜的增产机理,设置了生物降解膜、生物降解除草膜、普通塑料膜、不盖膜四个处理。[方法]通过大田试验研究了不同覆盖方式对土壤温度、养分以及马铃薯产量和品质的影响。[结果]结果表明,三种地膜覆盖处理下,各耕层土壤温度差异不显著,较不盖膜处理差异显著,其中膜下10 cm上午9点生物降解除草膜、生物降解膜、普通塑料膜较不盖膜处理土壤温度分别提高2.17 ℃、2.57 ℃、2.29 ℃;各处理中以生物降解除草膜和生物降解膜的土样养分含量最低,不盖膜最高;生物降解除草膜和生物降解膜较普通塑料膜商品薯增产2335.5 kg/hm2和2056.5 kg/hm2,但是差异不显著,较不盖膜处理分别增产5947.5 kg/hm2和5668.5 kg/hm2,差异显著。[结论]生物降解膜不仅可以有效解决白色污染问题,而且有利于提高马铃薯的商品薯产量,对推动广东省马铃薯产业升级具有重要的现实意义。     

不同类型地膜的降解特征及其对马铃薯产量的影响

为探究不同类型降解地膜的降解特征及其对土壤温度、水分和马铃薯产量的影响，在即墨市蔬菜科技示范园进行了不同类型降解地膜覆盖马铃薯栽培试验。结果表明：全生物可降解膜的降解效果较好，0.006 mm，0.008 mm，0.010 mm的全生物可 降解膜在收获前的降解程度已分别达到5级，4级和3级，而普通PE地膜降解效果只达到了1级。全生物可降解膜有较好的增温保墒作用，但增温保墒性能较PE膜差。对不同地膜覆盖的地块进行马铃薯产量测定，0.006 mm，0.008 mm，0.010 mm全生物可降解膜及PE膜与未覆盖地膜相比，分别增产12.9%、33.3%、33.6%、14.9%。试验结果表明：全生物可降解膜覆盖可以提高土壤温度和马铃薯产量，且自身降解程度较快，无需再增加人工清理费用，对环境的污染较小。综合考虑不同厚度全生物可降解地膜的价格等因素，0.008mm厚度全生物可降解地膜更适合青岛地区马铃薯生产使用，对马铃薯有明显增产作用，同时也为残膜污染治理提供替代产品，有利于控制农业面源污染。     

麻地膜对烤烟生长发育及产质量影响

为探索麻地膜在烤烟种植上的应用,设置了麻地膜、无膜和塑料地膜大田试验,研究了麻地膜对烟田土壤温湿度、烟株生长发育及产质量影响。结果表明：土壤平均温度塑料地膜>麻地膜>无膜,但塑料地膜土壤温度波动较大,麻地膜土壤温度变化相对缓和；麻地膜较塑料地膜提高了土壤含水量；生育前期麻地膜长势弱于塑料地膜,至成熟期麻地膜长势超过塑料地膜；麻地膜烟叶产量和产值分别较塑料地膜提高了6.5%和11.3%,较无膜分别提高了11.0%和25.3%,麻地膜中上等烟比例较塑膜和无膜分别提高了4.1个百分点和9.8个百分点；麻地膜提高了烟叶钾含量,降低了烟叶氯含量,总体化学成分协调性好于塑膜和无膜。麻地膜在保温性上强于无膜,在集雨性能上优于塑料地膜；麻地膜覆盖有利于提高烟叶产量和质量。     

城市碳循环系统机制解析与核算研究进展

城市作为人类活动最为密集的区域,城市系统的碳排放受到城市能源消费、工业生产等人类活动的深刻影响,开展城市碳循环系统机制解析与核算方法研究对于陆地生态系统的碳循环研究及全球气候变化研究意义重大。本文通过对国内外相关研究成果整理和分析,从城市外部碳循环系统和城市内部自然、社会碳循环系统的结构特征入手,对城市碳循环系统结构进行了解析;在此基础上,进一步分析了城市碳核算的核算边界和核算因子,明确了城市碳核算的主要内容;最后对城市碳核算的主要方法进行了归纳总结和对比分析,旨在为城市碳核算的研究和实践提供借鉴和参考。     

降解地膜覆盖对土壤环境和旱地向日葵生长发育的影响

为了减轻农田白色污染,提高旱作区农作物温度和水分利用效率,在阴山北麓进行了地膜覆盖模拟试验。研究不同覆膜处理对土壤温度、水分和旱地向日葵生长发育的影响。结果表明：覆膜处理较露地处理地温平均提高了3℃左右,日本降解膜增温作用最为明显。2009年与2010年,日本降解膜处理的向日葵水分利用效率分别为8.19、7.23 kg/(hm2?mm),表现均高于其他试验处理。从生长发育结果来看,日本膜处理的向日葵生育期较露地处理和广东膜处理有所提前,籽实产量等性状指标值与普通地膜无显著差异,但均显著高于露地处理。从地膜降解结果来看,广东膜裂解早,增温保墒作用不足;日本膜约90天分解为碎块,此时向日葵已渡过低温期,日本膜增温保墒作用良好,对向日葵增产作用显著,同时生态环保,适宜在该干旱半干旱地区推广。     

可降解地膜在马铃薯上的应用效果研究

为了明确可降解膜在马铃薯生产上的应用效果.本研究选择7个可降解膜开展田间试验和填埋试验,分析不同覆膜处理对马铃薯产量和降解膜降解性能的影响.结果 表明覆膜处理较裸地处理可增产4.35％～14.62％,有4个降解膜较普通地膜增产1.48％～7.01％,但增产效果不显著(P＞0.05).在整个生育期地温呈现先升高后降低的变...