Effect of Nitrite on Anaerobic Metabolism of Phosphate Accumulating Organisms

Two enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) sludges were used to investigate the effect of nitrite on anaerobic metabolism of phosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs). It is found that tolerance of PAOs to nitrite in two sludges were different. In the sludge with enriched PAOs cultures treating synthetic wastewater, when nitrite is above 10 mg/L, it inhibits VFA-uptake of PAOs, leading to decrease of PHA synthesis and increase of phosphate release. In the sludge with nitrogen and phosphorus removal by shortcut nitrification treating real domestic wastewater, anaerobic metabolism of PAOs is not inhibited even when nitrite is 30 mg/L; however, the presence of nitrite in anaerobic period causes denitrifying bacteria compete for limited carbon sources with PAOs, resulting in decrease of PHA synthesis and phosphate release. For the enriched PAOs cultures, the ratio of P/VFA obviously increases when nitrite is added in the reactor, indicating increased energy requirement for PAOs to take up VFA. The quantification results for PAOs in two sludges using fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) show that the PAOs level is 55% in the enriched PAOs cultures, and 7.6% in the sludge with nitrogen and phosphorus removal by shortcut nitrification.     

多介质地下渗滤系统脱氮影响因素及强化措施

与传统的污水处理工艺相比,地下渗滤在处理分散污水中具有天然的优势,因此逐渐受到了广泛关注与深入研究。地下渗滤对COD和TP的去除率较高,但较低的脱氮率有待加强。笔者通过详细介绍地下渗滤系统氧化还原电位、碳源、运行工况、外部环境等影响脱氮因素,系统地总结了地下渗滤强化脱氮的措施,并对今后的研究方向进行了展望。通过对影响因素进行权重排序,多种强化措施和作用联合应用,提升微生物功效等方法强化氮的去除率,旨在丰富系统除氮的理论内涵,拓展地下渗滤的应用空间。     

Domestic Sewage Treatment Using Three-stage SBR Denitrification and Phosphorus Removal Process

Based on the mechanism of biological phosphorus and nitrogen removal, the collision between on nutrient and resident time is given. In order to solve this problem, a new process for wastewater biological treatment- three-stage SBR process has been developed. Three- stage SBR process treat domestic sewage is applied, which controls various kinds of bacteria optimum growth with the different function that responsibility for removal organics, nitrogen and phosphorus existed in the different reactors and combine with the denitr/fying phosphorus removing process . The experiment results show that ,the three-stage SBR process not only improved the treatment efficiency that COD ,TN,and TPaverage removal efficiency is 87% ,80% and 86% , but also saved the energy cost. removal. The process can make better effect on simultaneous nutrients removal, simple operation and low cost will make a good application prospect for it.     

Advances in the Study of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Removal Mechanisms in Constructed Wetlands

Constructed wetlands are wastewater treatment ecosystems composed of substrata, plants, microorganisms and water. We summarize herein recent research findings about nitrogen and phosphorus removal mechanisms in wastewater treated by constructed wetlands and the influencing factors, such as substrata, plants, microorganisms, hydraulic loads, temperature and dissolved oxygen. To increase the nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiency and extend the fields of constructed wetland application, nitrogen and phosphorus removal mechanisms, influencing factors and techniques must be studied intensively in the future.     

Research on the Strengthening Effect of the Nitrogen and Phosphorus Removal by the Multi-loop Reactor in Low Carbon-resource Condition

A multi-loop reactor is constructed based on analysis of temporal and spatial character of several continuous current nitrogen and phosphorus removal process in this paper.Through cross experiment design,the important factors to influence the effect of the nitrogen and phosphorus removing under low carbon-resource condition were found,and the feasible control parameters of the biological nitrogen and phosphorus removal process under low carbon-resource condition were put forward.The results are valuable for design and operation of wastewater treatment process with similar conditions.     

Homogenization of a Class of Nonlinear Parabolic Equations of Second Order

Three measures of sludge(mixed liquid) return(pump-lift,impeller-lift and air-lift) about nitrogen and phosphorus removal processes are introduced and analyzed.The measures of impeller-lift and air-lift can not only simplify processes and integrate the devices for nitrogen and phosphorus removal so that the land occupation and investment demand for the plant are reduced,but also can be easily operated with less electricity consumption,which are considered to be promising for application in medium-sized and mini-type plant of wastewater treatment.     

Review on Nitrogen and Phosphorus Removal by the Bio-filter

In this paper, the new development of nitrogen and phosphorus removal by bio-filter in home and abroad is summarized.The factors influencing the nitrification-de-nitrification, nitration-denitration, phosphorous removal and simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal in bio-filter reactor are reviewed.It is pointed out that further improving the operation, enhancing the effect of nitrogen and phosphorus removal and advancing the process of bio-filter is the aim of study in the future.     

Approach to the Enhancement of Removal of Phosphorus and Nitrogen in Oxidation Ditch

In response to the characteristic of oxidation ditch and its limitation in removal of phosphorus and nitrogen,the research of the biological phosphorus and nitrogen removal in micro-environment and macroenvironment was reviewed.The process of enhancing phosphorus and nitrogen removal was discussed,the way to improve the phosphorus and nitrogen removal was presented:(1)the proper sequential arrangement of the locations of aerator,influent,effluent and return sludge to form the reversed A~2/O process;(2)forming more rigorously anaerobic zone by means of vertical flow circle;(3)the proper supply of oxygen,to avoid insufficiency of aerobic phosphorus uptake and nitrification with low oxygen supply;While to keep from overmuch waste of carbon source going against de-nitrification,and high oxygen concentration going against anaerobic phosphorus release due to high oxygen supply;(4)the proper hydraulic parameter and oxygen supply mode.     

Advances in Immobilized Microorganism and Its Applications of Wastewater Treatment

By in troducing the way of the immobilized cell and conparing the carriers, this paper presented the advances in immobilized microorganism and its applications of wastewater treatment are presented. It is believed that immobilized microorganism treatment is a more effective mediod than general biological method. The paper discusses its application in treating heavy metal wastewater, organic wastewater, hydroxybenzen wastewate, and nitrogen wastewater,et ac. And the research indicates the advances and the problems of immobilized microorganism.     

Biological Pretreatment Processes of Nitrilon Wastewater

The nitrilon wastewater was pretreated with aerobic activated sludge, suspended carrier expanded bed and anaerobic biological reactor. The results showed that the aerobic activated sludge was unfit for treating nitrilon wastewater due to its CN - toxicity and high concentration of difficult degraded organic matter. With the increase of operational time, the activity of sludge lost gradually and a lot of microbe died. The effect of suspended carrier expanded bed treating nitrilon wastewater was worse and the removal efficiency of contaminated matter was under 15%. The anaerobic biological reactor was good at treating nitrilon wastewater and the removal efficiency of contaminated matter was up to 35%. Meanwhile the wastewater quality was improved and the biochemical performance of nitrilon wastewater was enhanced, which were beneficial for advanced treatment to nitrilon wastewater by sequential biological treating processes.     

Sources and Production Mechanisms for N2O and NOx in Wastewater Biological Nitrogen Removal

In wastewater biological treatment for nitrogen removal, N_2O and NO_x are common gaseous intermediates. Traditional nitrification and denitrification are considered to be the main soueces for them. But with the development of relevant study , more new metablic pathways for nitrogen are found and the production of N_2O and/or NO_x in these processes are experimentally confirmed, which makes the mechanisms for N_2O and NO_x production more complex. Though inhibitory of enzymes and chemical reaction are the probable mechanisms, there are still others unknown. Discussing the sources and mechanisms of N_2O and NO_x in wastewater treatment from the point of contributing microorganisms and biochemistry reaction will benefits the understanding of new nitrogen metabolic pathways, the development of new technology and the protection of air pollution from NO_x.     

氮磷浓度变化下粉绿狐尾藻的生长规律研究

旨在为采用生物方法净化养殖废水,管理植物培养模式提供理论依据。以氯化铵(NH₄Cl)、硝酸钾(KNO₃)、磷酸二氢钾(KH₂PO₄)提供氨氮、硝氮、总磷,采用室外完全随机试验,研究粉绿狐尾藻在氨氮、硝氮、总磷三因素作用下的生长规律。培养30天的粉绿狐尾藻植株长度和鲜重随氨氮浓度的增加先升高后降低,氨氮浓度为25 mg/L时最适宜其生长。硝氮浓度从5 mg/L变化到35 mg/L时,其鲜重和长度总体呈现先增后减规律,最适宜其生长的硝氮浓度为15 mg/L。总磷浓度在5 mg/L至35 mg/L变化时,其生长状况与浓度呈正相关,适宜其生长的浓度阈值仍需进一步设计试验研究。粉绿狐尾藻生长受氨氮、总磷浓度变化影响显著,受硝氮浓度变化影响较前两个因素小。研究成果可为利用粉绿狐尾藻净化污水中氮磷元素、管理维护粉绿狐尾藻生态净水系统提供理论依据。     

规模化猪场废水与氮肥配施对小麦干物质积累及产量形成的影响

为了将富含植物营养的集约化养猪场废水应用于农业生产,实现种养结合与保护环境的双赢,研究养猪场废水农田利用技术,可为养猪场-农田种植循环农业模式的应用提供技术支撑。通过田间试验,采用小麦越冬期污水施用量30、60、90、120 m3/hm2与穗期氮化肥施用量0、30、60、90 kg/hm2组合处理,研究猪场废水与氮肥配施对小麦干物质积累和籽粒产量的影响。结果表明：拔节期干物质积累量随着废水施用量增加而增加,抽穗期以废水施用90 m3/hm2与氮肥30 kg/hm2的组合干物质积累量最高,成熟期以废水30 m3/hm2与氮肥90 kg/hm2及废水120 m3/hm2与氮肥30 kg/hm2组合干物质积累量较高。小麦产量以废水30 m3/hm2与氮肥60 kg/hm2、废水90 m3/hm2与氮肥30 kg/hm2或60 kg/hm2、废水120 m3/hm2与氮肥30 kg/hm2组合较高。综合对农田较高废水承载量和减少化肥施用的目标,以越冬期施用废水90~120 m3/hm2、穗肥施氮30 kg/hm2为最优组合。养猪场废水施用有明显的肥效作用,与化肥合理配施可取得超过常规施肥的产量,并显著减少氮肥的施用量。     

Treatment of wastewater from ABS condensation drying section by BAC-SBR reactor

Wastewater from ABS condensation drying section is treated by biological activated carbon-sequencing batch reactor (BAC-SBR), and degradation process of the toxic and hazardous pollutants in ABS wastewater is studied significantly by using UV-visible spectrum and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results show that the treatment process of ABS wastewater by BAC-SBR contained three phases of adsorption, bioregeneration and completion. The COD and TOC removal efficiencies of ABS wastewater are both more than 85% after 180 min treatment in BAC-SBR reactor, and the analysis results of UV-vis and FTIR suggest that the toxic and hazardous pollutants i.e., aromatic compounds and organic nitriles in ABS wastewater can be decomposed and transformed efficiently by BAC-SBR reactor.     

Pretreatment of Coke Oven Waste Water with Iron Scrap Method

Denitrification of Coke oven waste water is most biological.That COD/NH 3 N is too high is adverse to biological denitrification.Iron scrap method is used to pretreat coke oven wastewater in order to degrade COD.Coke oven wastewater is pretreated by iron scrap with ancillary material. A good result is got that the removal efficiency of COD cr of wastewater is 40% or so without regulating pH of wastewater and the solution is alkaline.The results show that the factors arragned in important order as the follows:the quantity of iron scrap,graphite,ancillary material A, treatment time,aeration time.The removal efficiency of COD does not lower ater the reactor has run about two months. The results are stable.     

福建南平不同植烟土壤微生物数量与养分状况分析

为探究福建省南平地区不同质地土壤中微生物数量与土壤养分状况,对南平地区不同质地植烟土壤pH、土壤养分含量（有机质、全氮、碱解氮、全磷、速效磷、全钾、速效钾）和土壤微生物数量（细菌、真菌、放线菌、解磷菌、解钾菌、纤维素分解菌）进行测定。实验结果：供试南平地区不同质地植烟土壤pH均偏酸（pH均小于5.5）,不同质地土壤中粘土的有机质、全氮、碱解氮含量最多,其次是壤土和砂土。植烟土壤中微生物以细菌为主,其次是放线菌和真菌。对不同质地土壤养分与微生物数量相关性分析,得出南平地区土壤样品中细菌与全磷、速效磷、全钾、速效钾相关性较高;真菌与全钾、全磷、速效磷呈负相关,与有机质、全氮、碱解氮、速效钾呈正相关,与全钾显著相关;放线菌与速效磷显著相关;解磷菌与土壤多种养分呈正相关,但相关系数不高;钾细菌与速效磷显著相关,与全磷含量极显著相关;纤维素分解菌与碱解氮相关性最高,与速效钾、全磷、速效磷呈负相关。这些相关性分析表明,南平地区不同质地植烟土壤微生物数量与土壤养分含量虽呈一定的相关性,但相关系数不高,说明该地区的气候条件、施肥方式,特别是水稻—烟草的轮作方式也是影响微生物的数量和种类的重要因素。本研究是对南平地区植烟土壤信息的必要补充,也为今后如何合理利用菌肥,有目的地地开发南平地区植烟土壤的功能菌提供了实验基础和理论依据。     

Progress of Respirometry in Wastewater Biological Treatment

The consumption of oxygen is the most significant biological response in wastewater biological treatment,and the OUR(Oxygen Uptake Rate) of microorganism can be obtained by respirometry.So the respirometry becomes a valuable means for the theoretical research and process operation administration of wastewater biological treatment.The(progress) of respirometry is reviewed and the advantage and disadvantage of each are evaluated.The basic principle and difficulty in implementation of "ultimate" hybrid respirometer are emphasized and also the drawbacks of simpler hybrid respirometer being used presently are discussed.Finally the implementary approach for the development of hybrid respirometer with higher precision by designing novel systems of reactors and temperature control is put forward and the initial result is shown.     

地下渗滤系统中ORP影响作用与改善措施

氧化还原电位（ORP）是影响地下渗滤系统稳定运行的主要因素之一,对系统内部微生境和污染物处理效果有重要影响。因此,就地下渗滤系统中ORP对有机物去除、脱氮、除磷和微生物活性的影响作用,目前常用的干湿交替、基质组配、布水管复氧、分流比、植物复氧、土壤动物活动复氧和通风管复氧等改善ORP措施进行了总结归纳,表明各种措施都有一定的工程适用性。随着工艺研究的深入,多种改善措施将组合应用,新型基质填料的研发将会促进地下渗滤系统理论内涵、拓宽工程实践应用,工艺运行将会更加灵活。     

磷肥不同用量对棉花干物质及氮磷钾吸收分配的影响

通过田间试验,研究了磷肥不同用量对棉花干物质积累、产量及氮磷钾吸收、积累、分配的影响。结果表明:增施磷肥可以增加棉花干物质量、产量和氮磷钾素的积累量,但过量施用磷肥增加效果并不明显。当磷肥用量(P2O5)为75～150 kg.hm-2时,对棉花干物质积累、产量和棉花各器官氮磷钾素的积累有明显的促进作用,棉花花铃期干物质积累和棉花各器官氮磷钾的积累量分别比对照平均提高了24.6%、30.7%、55.9%和36.4%;吐絮期干物质积累、产量和棉花各器官氮磷钾的积累量分别比对照平均提高了33.4%、39.9%、49.1%、47.7%和53.0%。     

保护地小白菜硝酸盐积累的效应分析与调控

通过营养液配制对小白菜硝酸盐的积累进行调控,为降低小白菜硝酸盐含量提供理论依据。采用416-B混合最优设计,利用SAS软件建立不同氮源(NO-3-N、NH+4-N)、磷、钾与保护地小白菜硝酸盐含量关系的数学模型。结果表明,氮是影响小白菜硝酸盐含量的最主要原因,营养液中硝态氮含量与小白菜硝酸盐的积累呈正相关关系;铵态氮则可降低小白菜硝酸盐的积累。磷、钾也是影响小白菜硝酸盐积累的主要因素,在适宜的浓度条件下,有利于硝酸盐含量的降低。不同氮源、磷、钾之间的互作效应也是影响硝酸盐积累的重要因素。通过调节营养液中的不同氮源、磷、钾的数量及相互比例,可对小白菜硝酸盐的积累进行调控,降低其硝酸盐含量。