勺鸡、石鸡和天鹅血液生理指标的比较研究

采用常规方法对人工饲养的3种鸟类(勺鸡、石鸡、天鹅)血液中的血红蛋白、红细胞沉降率、红细胞平均体积、红细胞比容、血细胞数及白细胞分类6项生理指标进行了测定。结果表明：天鹅的红细胞总数、血红蛋白含量、血小板总数、红细胞比容、红细胞体积最大,勺鸡次之,石鸡最小；红细胞沉降率石鸡最大,勺鸡次之,天鹅最小；白细胞总数及各类白细胞所占的比例3种鸟类之间差别不明显,白细胞体积天鹅最大,石鸡次之,勺鸡最小。种属不同是导致3种鸟血液生理常值差别的主要原因。     

凉山黄牛血液生理生化指标测定分析

为补充完善凉山黄牛的种质资源特性,建立凉山黄牛血液生理生化参考值,特开展凉山黄牛血液生理生化指标检测,以期为凉山黄牛的疾病诊断、饲养管理、品种选育等提供科学依据。随机采集3～4岁凉山黄牛公牛、母牛各29头静脉血液,检测28项血液生理生化指标。结果显示,凉山黄牛血液中白细胞数目、红细胞数目、血红蛋白、红细胞压积、平均血红蛋白含量、平均血红蛋白浓度、红细胞分布宽度变异系数、血小板数目、平均血小板体积、血小板分布宽度、血小板压积、总蛋白、白蛋白、葡萄糖、总胆红素、谷氨酰转肽酶、谷丙转氨酶、尿素氮、球蛋白、钙、钠、钾、氯、磷等指标在性别间差异均不显著(P0.05)。公牛的碱性磷酸酶含量、平均红细胞体积均显著高于母牛(P0.05),肌酐含量极显著高于母牛(P0.01);母牛的总胆固醇含量显著高于公牛(P0.05)。凉山黄牛28项血液生理生化指标基本在我国地方牛种正常值范围内。     

中华草龟与中华花龟血液生理生化指标的比较研究

为了对中华草龟与中华花龟的健康养殖、良种选育及养殖推广提供参考依据,试验测定、计算了4龄中华草龟和中华花龟血液中的白细胞数、红细胞数、血红蛋白含量、血小板数等4项血液生理指标,和丙氨酸氨基转移酶、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶活性,转氨酶比,总蛋白、白蛋白、球蛋白含量,白球比,总胆红素、直接胆红素、间接胆红素、总胆固醇、三酰甘油、高密度脂蛋白、低密度脂蛋白含量等14项血液生化指标。结果表明:在血液生理指标中,中华草龟红细胞数显著高于中华花龟(P0.05),中华花龟白细胞数显著高于中华草龟(P0.05),两种龟的血红蛋白含量、血小板数差异不显著(P0.05);在血液生化指标中,中华花龟天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶活性显著高于中华草龟(P0.05),中华草龟的总胆固醇含量和高密度脂蛋白含量显著高于中华花龟(P0.05),其余血液生化指标差异不显著(P0.05)。说明中华草龟和中华花龟因品种的不同其血液生理生化指标存在差异。     

微酸性电解水对大鼠血液生理生化指标的影响

本研究旨在探索微酸性电解水对血液生理指标和血清生化指标的影响。每天给大鼠按每千克体重0、24、31、52、63 mg有效氯(ACC)经口灌胃给药,连续给药30 d。测定大鼠血液白细胞数、红细胞指数、血红蛋白指数、血小板数及肝脏、心脏、肾脏功能血清生化指标。结果表明:随微酸性电解水ACC浓度增加,除嗜碱性粒细胞数变化不规律外,其他白细胞参数都下降(P0.05);随微酸性电解水剂量增加,红细胞数、红细胞压积呈下降趋势(P0.05),平均红细胞体积、红细胞分布宽度标准差、红细胞分布宽度变异系数呈上升趋势(P0.05);微酸性电解水可以促进平均红细胞血红蛋白含量增加(P0.05),但对血红蛋白浓度、平均红细胞体积的影响不规律;微酸性电解水有增加血小板数和血小板压积、降低平均血小板体积和血小板分布宽度的趋势(P0.05);除肌酸激酶有降低趋势外,心脏、肝脏、肾脏功能指标均随给药剂量增加略有升高(P0.05)。结果显示,按每千克体重63mg ACC的微酸性电解水经口灌胃给药,对大鼠血液生理生化指标无显著影响,此剂量下微酸电解水带动物消毒比较安全。     

湖北乌羊血液生理指标的测定与分析

对湖北省通山县86只成年湖北乌羊的20项血液生理指标进行了测定,并比较分析了公母羊各项生理指标之间的差异。结果表明：白细胞总数17.99×109/L,淋巴细胞数7.30×109/L,单核细胞数1.53×109/L,粒细胞数8.60×109/L,血小板总数75.73×109/L,红细胞总数10.01×1012/L,血红蛋白含量85.64 g/L。其中,平均血红蛋白含量、平均红细胞体积、红细胞分布宽度、平均血小板体积和血小板分布宽度等5项指标在性别之间均差异极显著（P〈0.01）,血小板压积在性别间差异显著（P〈0.05）,其余14项血液生理指标在性别之间均没有显著性差异（P〉0.05）。     

成年徐海鸡血液生理生化指标分析

为研究成年徐海鸡的血液生理生化指标,试验测定并分析了40周龄徐海鸡的各项血液生理生化指标。结果表明:1血液生理指标:徐海鸡公鸡红细胞计数(RBC)、白细胞计数(WBC)、血小板计数(PLT)、血红蛋白浓度(HGB)、红细胞压积(HCT)、平均红细胞体积(MCV)、平均红细胞血红蛋白(MCH)、平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度(MCHC)测定值极显著大于母鸡(P0.01),公鸡红细胞分布宽度(RDW)测定值显著大于母鸡(P0.05);2血液生化指标:徐海鸡公鸡谷草转氨酶(AST)、肌酸激酶(CK)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)、葡萄糖(GLU)、钠(Na)离子测定值极显著高于母鸡(P0.01),母鸡甘油三酯(TG)、镁(Mg)离子、钙(Ca)离子测定值极显著大于公鸡(P0.01),母鸡胆碱酯酶(CHE)、钾(K)离子测定值显著高于公鸡(P0.05)。     

渤海黑牛血细胞及血液理化指标测定研究

为了了解和掌握渤海黑牛血细胞及血液理化指标,本试验测定了20头不同年龄和性别的舍饲渤海黑牛的各项血液生理生化值。结果显示,血液生理常值指标中,渤海黑牛白细胞数为7.08±1.61×109/L,红细胞数为(7.90±1.06)×10-1/L,血小板数为286.85±121.46)109/L,血红蛋白含量为127.5±17.36 g/L。总蛋白含量为69.83±7.36g/L,其中球蛋白数高于白蛋白数。总胆红素为1.73±0.61umol,总胆固醇为3.69±1.03mmol,葡萄糖含量为4.54±0.91mmol。10项生理指标和12项生化指标在不同性别和年龄组间差异显著(P0.05)。本研究结果为渤海黑牛血液生理生化指标提供参考。     

阳山鸡血液主要生理生化指标的测定

为了研究阳山鸡的种质资源特性,试验检测了28只(其中公鸡13只、母鸡15只)14周龄阳山鸡的血液生理生化指标。结果表明:阳山鸡红细胞总数、白细胞总数、血小板数量分别为2.82×1012/L、276.04×109/L、9.75×109/L;血浆总胆固醇和三酰甘油含量分别为3.54,1.15 mmol/L;血清白蛋白、α1球蛋白、α2球蛋白、β球蛋白及γ球蛋含量分别为53.90%、15.20%、13.50%、9.30%、8.10%。公鸡和母鸡差异显著(P<0.05)的指标有红细胞体积、血红蛋白含量、红细胞分布宽度、总胆固醇含量和三酰甘油含量,其余生理生化指标无明显的性别差异(P>0.05)。     

内江猪血液生理生化指标的测定

对内江猪的血液生理生化指标进行测定及分析。选择1～3月龄猪27头(9公18母)、成年猪(2岁余)28头(6公22母)采集血液检测19项生理指标和12项生化指标,并对结果进行统计分析。结果表明,红细胞数未成年组和成年组无差异,而血小板与白细胞数高于成年组,差异显著(P0.05);其中白细胞成分的嗜酸性粒细胞数呈上升趋势,淋巴细胞、单核细胞数目呈下降趋势,嗜碱性粒细胞数呈下降趋势,但中性粒细胞数保持稳定。生化指标中未成年组谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶、碱性磷酸酶高于成年组,白蛋白、总胆红素、肌酐低于成年组,其他指标变化不大。此研究为建立地方品种内江猪的生理生化数据库与标准制定具有参考意义。     

不同海拔高度的白萨福克羊生理生化指标比较

为了比较不同海拔高度白萨福克羊的生理生化指标,试验以高海拔(四川红原)和低海拔(四川新津)饲养的白萨福克羊为研究对象,测定了生理指标和血液生理生化指标。结果表明:1)不同海拔高度的白萨福克羊体温在公母间均差异不显著(P0.05),低海拔地区的呼吸和心率高于高海拔地区;2)白细胞数、血红蛋白含量、红细胞平均容量、红细胞平均血红蛋白量、红细胞平均血红蛋白浓度和红细胞体积分布宽度变异系数等指标在不同海拔地区的公母羊间差异较小,红细胞数和红细胞比容等指标高海拔地区公母羊极显著高于低海拔地区(P0.01),高海拔地区公母羊血小板数极显著低于低海拔地区(P0.01);3)谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶、白蛋白、乳酸脱氢酶、葡萄糖和总胆固醇等指标在不同海拔地区公母羊间差异不显著(P0.05),高海拔地区公母羊总蛋白、球蛋白和胆碱酯酶等指标极显著高于低海拔地区(P0.01),低海拔地区公母羊总钙和碱性磷酸酶等指标极显著高于高海拔地区(P0.01)。     

10种鸟消化系统的比较研究

为了弄清鸟类消化系统形态结构与食性的关系,2005年3~7月对陇东学院和西峰市郊10种野生鸟的消化系统进行了解剖观察。结果表明,鸟的喙和舌因种类、食性和采食方式不同有很大的差异,鸟类消化道的形态特征与其食性密切相关:大白鹭的消化管最长,是体长的2.59倍,斑鸠、石鸡、环颈雉的消化管次之,是体长的2.39~2.45倍,白头鹎、北红尾鸲、白脊鸟令鸟、大山雀、椋鸟和灰伯劳的消化管最短,是体长的0.88~1.51倍;环颈雉、石鸡的嗉囊、肌胃和盲肠均非常发达,白头鹎、北红尾鸲、白脊鸟令鸟、大山雀、灰椋鸟、灰伯劳的嗉囊、肌胃、盲肠退化、消失。对其嗉囊、肌胃内容物剖检发现,大白鹭为肉食性鸟类,斑鸠、环颈雉、石鸡为植食性鸟类,白头鹎为杂食性鸟类,北红尾鸲、大山雀、白脊鸟令鸟、灰椋鸟、灰伯劳为食虫性鸟类。     

Haematological changes in domestic fowl experimentally infected with the cestode Raillietina tetragona (Molin, 1858)

Haematological alterations in domestic fowl following three levels of infection with 20, 50 and 100 cysticercoids of Raillietina tetragona (Eucestoda) have been studied over a period of 8 weeks. The infected birds showed significant haemoglobin depression. There was no significant change in the packed cell volume (PCV), RBC counts or mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH). In all three levels of infection, the calculated mean corpuscular volume (MCV) increased, while the mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) decreased considerably. Macrocytic anaemia along with hypochromia could be noticed during different periods of infection. Total white cell count diminished significantly in infected birds. There was a significant lymphocytopenia concurrent with a significant increase in the percentage of heterophilic elements. Eosinophilia was not a consistent feature. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) increased significantly in infected birds. The changes in the blood picture were more pronounced in birds infected with 50 and 100 cysticercoids.     

Studies on some paraclinical indices on intoxication in horses from freshly cut Jimson weed (Datura stramonium)-contaminated maize intended for ensiling

Monitoring of changes in some blood laboratory parameters in 34 horses after ingesting freshly harvested maize that was to be used for ensiling, heavily contaminated with young Datura stramonium plants, is described. For a 7-day period the following parameters were monitored: haemoglobin content (HGB), red blood cell counts (RBC), white blood cell counts (WBC), haematocrit (HCT), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), differential white cell counts (DWC), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), protein fractions, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), total bilirubin (TB), direct bilirubin (DB), blood glucose (Glu), total protein (TP), globulin (Glob) and albumin (Alb). The intoxication was accompanied by erythrocytosis, leukocytosis, regenerative left shift neutrophilia, lymphopaenia, eosinopaenia, increased haematocrit values, low erythrocyte sedimentation rate, hyperglycaemia, bilirubinaemia, hypoproteinaemia and increased activity of AST and LDH. No changes occurred in the mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), albumin, globulin and globulin fractions (alpha 1, alpha 2, beta 1, beta 2 and gamma). The blood parameters returned to normal between post-intoxication days 2 and 5. The observed changes in clinical chemistry indices could be used in the diagnosis, differential diagnosis and prognosis of Jimson weed intoxication.     

Haematology of the Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica)

Blood samples from 30 2‐week‐old unsexed chicks, 25 adult males, 30 non‐laying hens and 19 laying hens were examined to characterise haematological norms in Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) under various physiological conditions such as age, sex and laying. Young quail had significantly lower erythrocyte counts, packed cell volumes, haemoglobin content, mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentrations, numbers of thrombocyte::, percentages of lymphocytes and plasma protein levels than did the adult males and the non‐laying hens. The total leucocyte count of the young birds was not significantly different from that of the males and just different from that of the non‐laying hens. The young birds also showed a higher mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular haemoglobin and percentages of heterophils and monocytes in comparison with the adult males and the non‐laying hens. A comparison between males and females showed that males had a higher erythrocyte count, packed cell volume and haemoglobin content and a lower concentration of plasma proteins than the adult females. Excepting for an elevated relative count of eosinophils, no influence attributable to laying was observed.     

Biochemical and hematological reference ranges for Amazon freshwater turtle, Podocnemis expansa (Reptilia: Pelomedusidae), with morphologic assessment of blood cells

Blood parameters are useful to measure physiological disturbances in chelonians. Thus they can provide important information for the diagnosis and prognosis of diseases. The aim of this paper was to determine the reference range of plasma glucose, total protein, triglycerides, cholesterol and urea levels, as well as hematocrit, hemoglobin, red blood cell, thrombocyte and white blood cell counts for healthy Podocnemis expansa (Schweigger, 1812), bred in a turtle farm in the Amazonas State, Brazil. Plasma glucose, hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), lymphocytes and heterophils were the parameters with the smallest variations. Significant (p < 0.001) correlations between red blood cells count and hematocrit and hemoglobin concentration were found. Turtle P. expansa had lymphocytes, azurophils, heterophils, eosinophils and basophils with morphologic features similar to the ones of others turtles species. No investigated blood parameter was influenced by sex. In further studies, the established reference ranges might be useful for the health assessment of this turtle species.     

Dynamics of basic hematologic values in ewes during the course of a year

Basal hematological values were studied in ten primiparous ewes of Merino breed at 15 time intervals in the period from birth to the last decade of the next gravidity. The mean erythrocyte counts ranged from 6.5 to 10.3 T . l-1, hemoglobin content from 101.3 to 121.3 g per l, hematocrit value from 0.32 to 0.37 1 per l, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration from 29.97 to 34.22 g per dl, mean corpuscular hemoglobin from 11.17 to 16.61 pg, corpuscular volume from 35.03 to 55.37 fl. The mean leucocyte counts were from 4.98 to 9.93 G . l-1, with 25.8 to 60.5% neutrophil granulocytes with segmented nuclei, 0.1 to 2.6% neutrophil granulocytes with rodlike nuclei, 0.8 to 8.7% eosinophil granulocytes, 0.0 to 0.33% basophil granulocytes, 30.3 to 71.2% lymphocytes and 0.4 to 4.5% monocytes. The quality of red blood component was not negatively influenced by a high degree of gravidity. In the time of parturition, neutrophil granulocytes highly dominated over the other types of white blood cells; the counts normalized since the seventh day post partum. Although statistically significant differences were calculated for some time intervals, the values were within the physiological limits.     

Hematological changes during the course of canine babesiosis caused by large Babesia in domestic dogs in Warsaw (Poland)

In the presented study we evaluated the hematological changes in samples of blood obtained from 248 dogs naturally infected with large Babesia. The evaluation included red blood cell count, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), leucocyte counts, thrombocyte counts, mean platelet volume (MPV), morphology of erythrocytes and leucogram. The most common disorders in affected dogs were thrombocytopenia and anisocytosis. The count of erythrocytes below reference values was detected in 26.2% of dogs and 31.4% of affected animals presented hematocrit below the reference values. Hemoglobin concentration below the reference values was noted in 29% of dogs, an increase of MCHC above normal values was detected in 21% of examinated dogs and MCV below normal values was recognized in 2% of dogs. 60.5% of dogs presented anisocytosis, 25% poikilocytosis, 23.8% polychromasia, 19.7% hypochromia and 4.4% erythroblastosis. Thrombocytopenia was detected in 99.5% of dogs, but only 15.3% of examined animals showed increase of MPV, which suggests a response of the bone marrow. 36.3% of dogs had neutropenia, and 21.8% presented a left shift, 14.9% had the lymphocytosis and 7.2% lymphopenia.     

The comparative haematology of cross-bred and indigenous East African goats of Tanzania and breeds reared in Denmark

Erythrocyte counts, haematocrit, haemoglobin concentration, red blood cell indices, total and differential leukocyte counts were determined in 202 cross-bred and 14 indigenous East African goats aged 6–12 months and also in 59 Norwegian dairy goats, of which 24 were 15–45 days old, 8 were 8 months old and 27 were over 3 years and pregnant. These were reared in Tanzania. Comparisons were made with 24 Dwarf and 57 Danish Landrace goats at 6–12 months of age and 76 adult pregnant Danish Landrace goats reared in Denmark. The purpose was to determine reference ranges for cross-bred and indigenous East African goats and to compare these with those of other breeds. The haemoglobin concentration, haematocrit, erythrocyte and white blood cells were lowest in the Norwegian kids. The highest values were observed in 6–12-month-old goats in all the breeds, whereafter they decreased to relatively constant adult levels. The mean corpuscular volumes were highest in kids followed by adult pregnant Norwegian and Danish Landrace goats, and lowest in 6–12 months old goats. East African and cross-bred goats had the smallest mean corpuscular volumes. The haemoglobin concentration, erythrocyte and leukocyte counts were highest in indigenous East African, followed by young Norwegian and cross-bred goats. The mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration was highest in the cross-breds, while the mean corpuscular haemoglobin was higher in pregnant than in other goats. The age and breed differences were statistically significant.     

Effect of clinoptilolite on serum biochemical and haematological characters of broiler chickens during aflatoxicosis

Clinoptilolite (CLI, a natural zeolite) incorporated into the diet at 1.5 and 2.5 per cent were evaluated for their ability to reduce the deleterious effects of 2.5 mg total aflatoxin (AF) kg(-1)diet on broiler chickens from 1 to 21 days of age. In total 360 broiler chicks were divided into six equal treatment groups (control, AF, CLI (1.5 per cent), AF plus CLI (1.5 per cent), CLI (2.5 per cent) and AF plus CLI (2.5 per cent)). When compared with the controls, AF treatment significantly decreased serum total protein, albumin, inorganic phosphorus, uric acid, total cholesterol and the values of haematocrit, red blood cell counts, mean corpuscular volume, haemoglobin, thrombocyte counts, percentage of monocyte counts; increased values of white blood cell and heterophil counts. The addition of CLI (1.5 per cent) and CLI (2.5 per cent) to the AF -containing diet reduced the adverse effects of AF and should be helpful in a solution to the aflatoxicosis problem in poultry.