云南切梢小蠹和横坑切梢小蠹对寄主繁殖部位的选择试验(英文)

在室内条件下,对繁殖期云南切梢小蠹和横坑切梢小蠹的竞争展开了研究。在养虫笼中放入来源同株云南松的2根木段,同时放入2种小蠹,分别放入1种小蠹,观察小蠹对其繁殖材料云南松木段的选择。试验表明,横坑切梢小蠹喜在树皮厚的木段上繁殖,即云南松树干的下部,而云南切梢小蠹喜在树皮薄的木段上繁殖,即云南松树干的上部。从产卵到新成虫羽化,云南切梢小蠹的历期明显短于横坑切梢小蠹,分别为86～89 d和120～125 d。结论:在中国云南,云南切梢小蠹对云南松的攻击能力强于横坑切梢小蠹,后者更具次期性害虫特点。     

松纵坑切梢小蠹的研究

松纵坑切梢小蠹(Blas tophagus piniperda L.)属鞘翅目,小蠹虫科。亦称松纵坑剪枝小蠹、松小蠹等。是松林主要害虫之一,对衰弱木和濒死木为害极为严重,也有为害健康木的。在成虫补充营养时严重为害当年新梢,其交尾、产卵及幼虫期为害衰弱和濒死树木干部的韧皮部,严重时可造成大片林木枯死。     

松纵坑切梢小蠹自然种群死亡原因分析

利用多重降解生命表来分析松纵坑切梢小蠹自然种群的死亡原因，是一种新方法，本文利用云南省昆明地区松纵坑切梢小囊自然种群生命表的资料。分析其死亡原因，发现该地区松纵切梢小蠹自然种群５２．７９％的死亡率出现于卵期，幼虫期和蛹分别为１８．０６％，２２．０３％，１２．７０％；特别是幼虫期和卵期死亡率最高，其中３４．８６％的种群死亡为捕食性天敌所致。其捕食率分别为１２．６４％和１２．５８％，因此，认为捕食是幼     

松纵坑切梢小蠹虫防治方法

松纵坑切梢小蠹属鞘翅目小蠹科切梢小蠹属．是一种钻蛀树干为害很严重的森林害虫。该虫主要发生在立地条件差、林地卫生条件不好或其它各种原因导致树木生长衰弱的林分。小蠹虫主要包括柏肤小蠹、纵坑切梢小蠹．柏肤小蠹为害侧柏、桧柏等;纵坑小蠹虫主为害油松、黑松等。     

松纵坑切梢小蠹和横坑切梢小蠹在云南松蠹害木上的分布

经对36株蠹害木作解析,发现纵坑、横坑切梢小蠹虫在云南松蠹害木上的虫种分布、虫口密度,因危害程度——枯萎木、濒死木和树木部位不同而异。林内衰弱的松树先受纵坑切梢小蠹的侵害,导致松树成片枯死主要是后来侵害的横坑切梢小蠹虫。     

松纵坑切梢小蠹自然种群死亡原因分析

利用多重降解生命表来分析松纵坑切梢小蠹自然种群的死亡原因，是一种新方法。本文利用云南省昆明地区松纵坑切梢小蠹自然种群生命表的资料，分析其死亡原因。发现该地区松纵坑切梢小蠹自然种群５２．７９％的死亡率出现于卵期、幼虫期和蛹期，分别为１８．０６％、２２．０３％、１２．７０％；特别是幼虫期和卵期死亡率最高，其中３４．８６％的种群死亡为捕食性天敌所致。其捕食率分别为１２．６４％和１２．５８％，因此，认为捕食是幼虫期及卵期控制种群数量的关键因子之一。对该害虫进行综合防治时，应重点加强对捕食性天敌的保护和利用。     

两种蛀干昆虫消化酶组成和活性比较

研究了松墨天牛幼虫、纵坑切梢小蠹幼虫和成虫消化酶的主要种类和活性.分析结果表明,松墨天牛幼虫有10种消化酶,纵坑切梢小蠹幼虫和成虫有8种消化酶.松墨天牛幼虫的消化酶活性大小排列顺序为:果胶酶＞淀粉酶＞Cx酶＞半纤维素酶＞转化酶＞β-1,4-葡萄糖苷酶＞C1酶＞脂肪酶＞类胰蛋白酶＞胃蛋白酶;小蠹幼虫和成虫不含Cx酶和β-1,4-葡萄糖苷酶,活性顺序均为:果胶酶＞淀粉酶＞半纤维素酶＞转化酶＞C1酶＞类胰蛋白酶＞脂肪酶＞胃蛋白酶.在55℃、pH值8.6时,果胶酶活性最高.     

松纵坑切梢小蠹虫的防治

一、寄主及危害松纵坑切梢小蠹虫Blastophagus piniperda L.(以下简称小蠹虫)过去在章古台地区没有。七四年搞基建,从外地运进松木,把该虫也带来了。本地樟子松、油松等,皆受其害。主要危害松梢和健康树干基部;而病腐木、枯立木、弱衰木受害更甚,因成虫在其上繁殖.成虫补充营养期,危害新梢,被害梢枯黄,内部被蛀空,易风折,影响树木生长和长成良材。     

松纵坑切梢小蠹妹代繁殖情况观察

针对松纵坑切梢小蠹部分成虫具有恢复营养并二次蛀干繁殖妹代习性，通过在该虫第一次蛀干繁殖姐代高峰期对侵入孔套网标记、退坑转梢、转干定殖研究，明确了32．58％的松纵坑切梢小蠹雌成虫种群具有繁殖妹代能力。     

化学药剂防治纵坑切梢小蠹试验

为有效控制纵坑切梢小蠹的危害,了解梢转梢、梢转干期化学药剂防治该虫效果,在白沙地做了化学药剂防治纵坑切梢小蠹药效试验.在施药剂量为15 kg/hm2条件下,纵坑切梢小蠹死亡率为:梢转梢期,灵秀1号14.81%、川宝47.13%、吡虫啉20%、护林神25.30%、对照9.23%;梢转干期,灵秀1号43.59%、川宝73.33%、吡虫啉47.25%、护林神56.82%、对照9.72%.     

The response ofTeretriosoma nigrescens lewis (Col.: Histeridae) to the pheromone ofProstephanus truncatus (Horn) (Col.: Bostrichidae)

Adults of the histeridTeretriosoma nigrescens Lewis, a predator of the Larger Grain BorerProstephanus truncatus (Horn), were captured under field conditions in Costa Rica within the same pheromone traps as the stored product pest. Neither insect could be found in unbaited traps. The possible kairomonal importance of the prey's pheromone is discussed.     

Die Pfeilhaare der Megatominae (Col. Dermestidae): Ein Abwehrsystem

The function of the Hastisetae (typical for Megatominae) has not been clarified exactly. The observations of several workers make probable a defensive function. Others interpret the Hastisetae as a contrivance to the passive dispersion of the species. The present observations show that the Hastisetae have an only defensive character.     

On biology ofLixus albomarginatus boh. (Col., Curculionidae)

In the coastal regions of the Southern Ukraine adults ofLixus albomarginatus Boh. feed onCakile euxina Pobed. (Brassicaceae). Preimaginal development occurs in the same plants.     

Studies on the wood-borerStromatium fulvum Vill. (Col., Cerambycidae) infestingCasuarina glauca (Casuarinaceae)

The fungal genera associated with larvae ofStromatium fulvum were isolated externally, internally and also those from larval galleries and exit holes. They belonged to six genera:Penicillium, Trichoderma, Helminthosporium, Aspergillus, Rhizopus andChaetomium. Based on the antagonistic effect,Trichoderma andChaetomium were used in the mortality studies. Isolation of fungi from inoculated dead larvae proved thatCheatomium spp. are non pathogenic. The genera ofTrichoderma spp.,Aspergillus spp. andPenicillium spp. were pathogenic and are recommended as biological control agents forStromatium fulvum larvae.     

Geschlechtsmerkmale und Kopulations-Verhalten vonPantorhytes Szentivanyi Marshall (Col. Curculionidae)

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Zur Biologie von Trogoderma variabile Ball. (Col. Dermestidae): Larvalentwicklung und Larvaldiapause

Larval development ofT. variabile under various environmental conditions is examined to estimate the potential damages in storehouses in Central Europe. Larvae develop between 21 and 37°C, lower temperatures considerably prolong the time of development: at 25° it lasts 48.3 days (♂ ♂) and 60.8 days (♀ ♀), at 30° 29.3 days (32.9 resp.), and at 35° 27.5 days (34.6 resp.). Female larvae on an average pupate after six larval instars, males after five. From this results the earlier pupation of the males. Isolated larvae do not pupate; they grow up to big and resistant dauerlarvae and possibly pass through a diapause of several years. Reared in groups larvae pupate promptly and diapause is terminated. Longevity, cold resistance and ability of starvation of dauerlarvae are examined. The results indicate that a development ofT. variabile in unheated rooms is possible. Because of the very slow development at lower temperatures economic important damages are unlikely.     

Elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen der Pfeilhaare verschiedener Arten der Anthreninae (Col. Dermestidae)

Electron microscopical examination of the Hastisetae of different species of Anthreninae (Col. Dermestidae) Electron optical photographs of the Hastietae of the generaTroderma, Megatoma andAnthrenus are put forward. The shape of the Hastissetae is described and their probable function is discussed.     

Studies on morphology and biology of immature stages of the predator Rhyzobius lophanthae Blaisdell (Col.: Coccinellidae)

Morphological characteristics of immature developmental stages of Rhyzobius lophanthae Blaisdell (Col.: Coccinellidae), predator of scale insects of the family Diaspididae (Homoptera), are described. Data about the morphology of eggs, the four larval instars, and the pupa is presented. Larval instars are described in more detail: size of head capsule, length of tibia, distribution of dorsal and lateral setae of abdomen segments for each larval instar is reported. Distribution of spiracles is also given. Study on the biology concerns the influence of prey on the duration of instar periods. The diaspidids Aspidiotus nerii and Aonidiella aurantii were used as food. The mean duration of the developmental period from egg to adult was 27.1 days, and no mortality was observed (0?%) when A. nerii was used as prey. The respective numbers when the prey was A. aurantii were 48.8 days and 84?%.