沙打旺接种根瘤菌丸衣化和拌种比较试验

2001～2003年采用丸衣化和常规拌种方法进行沙打旺接种根瘤菌对比试验。结果表明：丸衣比拌种提高出苗率57．1％，结瘤数量和重量分别增加50．0％和31．7％，植株高度增加2～9cm，鲜草产量增加6．1％～13．6％。丸衣和对照相比，植株高度增加4．4～19．3cm，产草量增加20．8％～33．3％。拌种和对照相比，植株高度增加0．8～10．3cm，产量增加10．0％～25．6％。两种接菌方式和对照相比都有效果，但制成丸衣比拌种效果更好。沙打旺接种根瘤菌对人工草地建植和天然草场改良起到良好作用。     

沙打旺根瘤接种及丸衣化试验初报

一、概况为使豆科牧草早结瘤、多结瘤、多固氮,提高豆科牧草的品质,增加土壤肥力,我们于5月中旬在海南州共和县廿地乡(海拔3100米)进行了沙打旺根瘤菌接种及丸衣化试验。根据根瘤菌要求避光、通风好等特点,将拌种场地选在该乡一仓库内。拌种时间5月16日至18日,拌种时库内早晚气温5～6℃,中午最高气温在11～12℃之间,空气相对湿度     

黑龙江讷河地区根瘤菌接种技术在豆科牧草中的应用

紫花苜蓿、沙打旺、胡枝子、毛苕子和饲用大豆接种根瘤菌后,能促进牧草生长,提高产草量31%~73%,其中以毛苕子和沙打旺增产幅度最大,所以推行豆科牧草和饲用豆科作物根瘤菌接种,既能减少化肥施用量,又能增加饲草产量、降低生产成本。     

生物固氮技术在退耕还林还草中的应用

我国西部退耕还林还草工程的实施，需要大面积播种豆科灌木和豆科牧草。接种根瘤菌是解决大面积人工林、草场“氮缺乏”问题的有效措施。在贫瘠的土地上豆科植物接种根瘤菌可增加生长量15%～50%，每年可增收干草750～1200kg/hm2。豆科根瘤菌接种的技术关键包括优良菌种、优质菌剂选择和种子丸衣化接菌技术。目前，国家农业微生物菌种中心保藏着几百株豆科根瘤菌菌种；国内根瘤菌剂生产企业可以生产锦鸡儿、沙打旺、苜蓿、三叶草等十几种根瘤菌剂产品；丸衣接种技术在我国推广应用面积已超过133.33万hm2。根瘤菌接种技术在退耕还林还草中的作用是其他技术无法替代的，有十分重要的地位。     

5株根瘤菌接种紫花苜蓿的效果

以5株耐盐型苜蓿中华根瘤菌(Sinorhizobium meliloti)(ACCC17537,ACCC17558,ACCC17617,ACCC17631和ACCC17676)为材料,采用包衣接种和液体菌剂拌种两种方式,以不含根瘤菌的包衣处理和不含根瘤菌的液体菌剂拌种处理为对照,在滨海盐渍区盐化潮土上对"中苜1号"紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa cv.Zhongmu No.1)进行接种试验,筛选出高效菌株及最佳接种方式。结果表明,在盐碱化程度较大、缺乏根瘤菌的土壤中,包衣接种根瘤菌的效果明显优于液体菌剂拌种。另外,5株根瘤菌包衣接种效果差异明显,且苜蓿接种后单株地上部分干重、粗蛋白含量及单株根瘤数均比对照有显著提高(P0.05)。菌株ACCC17558和ACCC17617接种效果最佳,可使苜蓿单株地上部分干重、单株总根瘤数、单株有效根瘤数和粗蛋白含量分别比对照提高91.4%和164.4%、91.8%和99.6%、99.8%和100.7%、8.6%和12.3%,表明两菌株的接种效果优于其他菌株,是在盐碱土壤中与"中苜1号"紫花苜蓿最佳共生的高效根瘤菌。     

不同施氮水平下接种根瘤菌对苜蓿固氮效能及种子生产的影响

设置田间小区试验和沙培试验,采用¹⁵N自然丰度法测定不同施氮水平下、不同方式接种根瘤菌对紫花苜蓿固氮效能、生长和种子产量的影响。结果表明,在50 kg/hm²低施氮量下,接种根瘤菌能增加苜蓿的根瘤数量和根瘤重量,苜蓿固氮率、固氮量均达到了最高,分别为(77.8±0.508)%和(452.51±2.568) kg/hm²。接种根瘤菌有效促进了苜蓿的生长,提高了地上部干物质积累,增加了有效分枝数、荚果数及种子产量,种子产量增幅平均达(59.7±0.118)%,显著高于不接种、不施氮和其他施氮处理。而施氮量超过50 kg/hm²,则会抑制根瘤菌结瘤,引起苜蓿固氮率、固氮量下降。随着施氮量增加,根瘤菌促进苜蓿植株生长的效应明显减弱,造成生物量和荚果数减少,种子增产幅度降低。比较秋播拌种和春季返青追施2种不同的根瘤菌接种方式,以秋播拌种根瘤菌结合施氮量50 kg/hm²时的增产最为显著。秋播拌种根瘤菌的生物固氮百分率和固氮量与苜蓿种子产量呈显著正相关。     

接种根瘤菌与施肥对岷山红三叶异黄酮含量的影响

通过L9(34)正交试验,研究不同根瘤菌梯度、接种方式和氮肥梯度对岷山红三叶Trifolium pratense异黄酮含量和产量的影响。结果表明,接种根瘤菌,对岷山红三叶异黄酮含量和产量都有显著影响(P0.05),以每千克岷山红三叶种子接种16 g根瘤菌效果较好。接种根瘤菌方式、氮肥梯度对岷山红三叶异黄酮含量和产量不存在显著影响,但以拌种和不施氮肥效果较好。综合根瘤菌梯度、接种方式和氮肥梯度对岷山红三叶异黄酮含量和产量影响以每千克岷山红三叶种子与16 g根瘤菌肥拌种,不施氮肥效果最优。     

小冠花接种根瘤菌试验报告

<正> 接种根瘤菌是提高豆科牧草产量的有效途径。我国飞机播种沙打旺和三叶草已大面积接种根瘤菌,我站也曾作过自三叶接种根瘤菌的试验,均取得明显的效果。小冠花接种根瘤菌在国内报刊中尚少报道。为了证实其接种根瘤菌的效果,我们于1989年4月至     

接种根瘤菌与施肥对岷山红三叶异黄酮含量的影响

通过L9（3^4）正交试验,研究不同根瘤菌梯度、接种方式和氮肥梯度对岷山红三叶异黄酮含量和产量的影响。结果表明,接种根瘤菌对岷山红三叶异黄酮含量和产量都有显著影响（P〈0．05）,以每千克岷山红三叶种子接种16g根瘤菌效果较好。接种根瘤菌的方式、氮肥梯度对岷山红三叶异黄酮含量和产量不存在显著影响,但以拌种和不施氮肥效果较好。综合根瘤菌梯度、接种方式和氮肥梯度对岷山红三叶异黄酮含量和产量的影响以A2B2C1效果最优。     

接种根瘤菌与施肥对岷山红三叶异黄酮含量的影响

通过L9(34)正交试验,研究不同根瘤菌梯度、接种方式和氮肥梯度对岷山红三叶异黄酮含量和产量的影响。结果表明,接种根瘤菌对岷山红三叶异黄酮含量和产量都有显著影响(P<0.05),以每千克岷山红三叶种子接种16g根瘤菌效果较好。接种根瘤菌的方式、氮肥梯度对岷山红三叶异黄酮含量和产量不存在显著影响,但以拌种和不施氮肥效果较好。综合根瘤菌梯度、接种方式和氮肥梯度对岷山红三叶异黄酮含量和产量的影响以A2B2C1效果最优。     

白术、微米白术和白术多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道形态及微生态区系的影响

试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。     

Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia

Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Y‐chromosomal variation of local goat breeds of Turkey close to the domestication centre

Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.     

Changes in proportion of canine urinary calculi composed of calcium oxalate or struvite in specimens analyzed from 1981 through 2001

The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.     

Smart Phone Assisted City-scale Wireless Sensor Network Deployment for Transportation System Monitoring

<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems.