代谢信号对能量影响猪卵泡发育的作用

动物体内的许多激素和因子通过内分泌活动把能量摄入和繁殖系统联系起来。卵巢上卵泡的发育是雌性动物繁殖系统中的重要因素,是繁殖性能的基础。猪的生产是人们生活中主要的肉类来源之一,能量对猪卵泡发育的影响日益受到关注。日粮能量水平的变化会影响到体内循环与营养代谢相关的激素和因子,而这些激素和因子的变化可能会作为代谢信号对卵泡的发育产生影响。这些代谢信号包括胰岛素、瘦素和胰岛素样生长因子-Ⅰ等。研究表明,代谢信号对下丘脑、垂体和卵巢均有影响。在胰岛素、瘦素和胰岛素样生长因子-Ⅰ等代谢信号的介导下,日粮能量营养因素通过改变下丘脑-垂体-卵巢轴的活性,对雌性动物的卵泡发育产生影响。     

胰岛素在能量影响猪卵泡发育中的作用

胰岛素是体内具有重要生理作用的激素。能量是影响猪生长的主要因素。能量通过胰岛素,IGF-Ⅰ及葡萄糖等代谢信号作为媒介,影响垂体促性腺激素的分泌,这些代谢信号也可以直接作用于卵巢,影响性腺激素的分泌及卵泡的发育。而胰岛素是这其中较重要的代谢信号之一。本文将介绍胰岛素在能量影响猪卵泡发育中的作用。     

能量对母猪卵泡发育的影响及调控机制

卵泡发育是一个复杂的生理过程,受营养、内分泌、旁分泌、激素及相关基因共同调控。体内外试验表明,能量可以调控卵泡的发育,影响其卵泡微环境、生长及发育成熟等。本文简述日粮能量对母猪卵泡发育的影响,并重点综述了能量影响母猪卵泡发育的可能调控机制,如体内代谢物浓度、调控代谢激素、生殖激素水平及调控相关基因表达的途径等,为进一步研究能量对母猪繁殖性能的影响及其作用机理提供理论依据。     

腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶在哺乳动物卵巢发育中的调控作用及其机制北大核心CSCD

腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶(AMPK)信号通路作为调节细胞能量代谢状态的中心环节,是调控哺乳动物繁殖性能的关键因子。已有研究表明,AMPK在哺乳动物卵巢发育中主要通过介导葡萄糖、胰岛素样生长因子-1(IGF-1)、促卵泡素(FSH)、脂联素等发挥功能。本文就AMPK在哺乳动物卵巢发育中的调控作用及其机制进行综述,旨在引起人们对AMPK调控卵巢发育的关注,并为卵巢疾病的治疗提供一定参考。     

腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶在哺乳动物卵巢发育中的调控作用及其机制

腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶(AMPK)信号通路作为调节细胞能量代谢状态的中心环节,是调控哺乳动物繁殖性能的关键因子。已有研究表明,AMPK在哺乳动物卵巢发育中主要通过介导葡萄糖、胰岛素样生长因子-1(IGF-1)、促卵泡素(FSH)、脂联素等发挥功能。本文就AMPK在哺乳动物卵巢发育中的调控作用及其机制进行综述,旨在引起人们对AMPK调控卵巢发育的关注,并为卵巢疾病的治疗提供一定参考。     

哺乳动物原始卵泡的形成和发育及影响因素

原始卵泡形成和发育是成年动物卵巢发挥最优生产潜能的重要事件,在卵巢发育过程中起着至关重要的作用,然而卵巢发育相关研究中,人们更多地关注生长卵泡而忽视了原始卵泡。研究表明,不同物种的哺乳动物原始卵泡形成时间存在差异,影响原始卵泡形成和发育的主要因素有信号通路、生长因子、转录因子以及激素。本文就哺乳动物原始卵泡形成和发育以及影响因素作一综述。     

日粮能量对家禽卵泡发育的影响及其机制

家禽卵泡发育质量对其繁殖性能有着重要影响,日粮能量是影响家禽卵泡发育的重要因素。日粮能量可能通过影响家禽相关生殖激素及受体基因表达、激素因子和其他相关蛋白表达等来调控家禽卵泡发育。本文简要综述了家禽卵泡发育的特点、日粮能量对家禽卵泡发育的影响及其可能调控机制,为全面认识家禽营养、家禽繁殖及深入研究营养水平对家禽繁殖性能的影响提供依据。     

蛋白质营养对动物卵泡发育的影响及其作用机制

卵泡的发育对于雌性动物繁殖性能具有重要影响.蛋白质是机体酶、激素合成以及组织器官构建的原料,对于卵泡发育必不可少.蛋白质营养状态能通过肝脏雌激素受体(ER)影响胰岛素样生长因子Ⅰ (IGF-Ⅰ)、瘦素(leptin)、胰岛素(insulin)等代谢信号,进而传递至下丘脑-垂体-性腺(HPG)轴,对卵泡发育进行调控.本文综述了蛋白质营养对卵泡发育的影响及其作用机制.     

能量对初情期前母猪类胰岛素样生长因子分泌的影响

日粮能量水平的变化会影响到体内循环与营养代谢相关的激素和因子,而这些激素和因子的变化可能会作为代谢信号对卵泡的发育产生影响,并对母猪初情期产生影响,这些代谢信号包括胰岛素样生长因子-I（IGF-I）。能量限饲时,母猪血清IGF-I浓度减少,营养减少,     

能量对初情期前母猪类胰岛素样生长园子分泌的影响

日粮能量水平的变化会影响到体内循环与营养代谢相关的激素和因子,而这些激素和因子的变化可能会作为代谢信号对卵泡的发育产生影响,并对母猪初情期产生影响,这些代谢信号包括胰岛素样生长因子-I(IGF-I).     

内蒙古绒山羊105 d胎儿皮肤的基因表达

选择105d绒山羊胎儿体侧部皮肤组织构建cDNA文库，随机挑取克隆进行表达序列标签（ESTs）测序，共测序1152个质粒，合格的大于100bp的高质量ESTs846个，平均长度为443．2bp。对525个绒山羊胎儿皮肤组织已知功能基因的ESTs进行分类，可分为细胞分裂类18个，细胞信号类65个；细胞结构蛋白基因73个；细胞防御类21个；基因／蛋白表达126个；代谢类的69个；未分类的153个。发现了Wnt-4、Bmpr-Ib、ASIP gene、Ectodysplasin等重要的与毛囊分化相关的基因。     

Spatial Relationships between Serrated Granulosa and Vascularity of the Preovulatory Follicle and Developing Corpus Luteum

Color Doppler and B-mode film clips were taken of the preovulatory follicle an hour before the beginning of ovulation. Locations of serrated granulosa and color-flow signals were determined by clock-face positions with the apex of the follicle (future ovulation site) at 12 o'clock. Mares were divided into a group with normal follicle evacuation (completion within 1 hour; n = 21 mares) and a group with septated evacuation (n = 5). The septated group was characterized by completion of evacuation in ≥3 hours and formation of echoic trabeculae in the antrum during evacuation. The trabeculae in the septated evacuations contained blood-flow signals and were interpreted to be creases in the slowly collapsing follicle wall. In the normal-evacuation group, serration and blood-flow signals were located at the basal hemisphere of the follicle directly opposite to the apex, and the o'clock positions did not differ significantly between the two characteristics. The apical area was devoid of both serration and color-flow signals. Vascularization of the corpus luteum began at the basal third on the day of ovulation and reached the apical third in a mean of 5.5 days. In septated evacuation, color-flow signals were detected at every clock-face position in each mare at the hour before ovulation. Results supported the following hypotheses: (1) both granulosa serration and color-flow signals occur in a similar basal area opposite to the apex; and (2) prolonged septated follicle evacuation is associated with vascularization of a greater circumference of the follicle than for normal evacuation and includes the apical area.     

颗粒细胞对卵泡发育的影响

卵泡发育是一个复杂的生理过程,通过间隙连接,颗粒细胞在卵母细胞的生长发育过程中起营养作用,并促进卵母细胞的成熟;颗粒细胞和膜细胞的相互作用是卵泡发育和维持正常功能的重要条件。作为卵泡发育的标志,颗粒细胞的生长分化是原始卵泡启动和生长的关键,并通过受体介导途径调控生长期卵泡的发育及卵泡闭锁,从而在卵泡发育过程中起重要的调控作用。     

全基因组选择信号揭示绵羊毛囊发育及脱毛性状相关的候选基因

利用全基因组选择信号研究不同羊毛类型绵羊的群体结构及遗传分化程度,以挖掘与毛囊发育及脱毛性状相关的候选基因。本研究以3种羊毛类型的21个品种共290只绵羊群体为研究对象,利用Illumina Ovine SNP 50K芯片基因分型数据,基于群体分化指数Fst和核苷酸多样性比值θπ Ratio方法对无绒毛型、细毛型和中毛型绵羊进行选择信号检测。将Fst和θπ Ratio的top 5%作为阈值检测受到强烈选择的SNPs位点并进行注释。结果表明,SOX18、ALX4、FGF1和LRP4等与毛囊发育及脱毛性状相关的基因受到强烈选择。本研究通过Fst和θπ Ratio两种方法检测出与毛囊发育周期、羊毛形成以及毛囊和皮脂腺部分细胞相关的重要基因,这将为进一步研究绵羊重要经济性状形成的机制提供有意义的参考。     

毛囊形态发生和分子调控及其在绒山羊上的研究进展

毛囊是皮肤重要的附属器官,它是由上皮细胞和真皮细胞间相互作用发育而形成的,有很多信号分子控制着这一过程。毛囊相关性状对于绒毛的产量和质量有重要影响。本文从人和小鼠的研究现状着手,详细阐述了毛囊形态发生的规律以及它们的分子调控机理,并与绒山羊毛囊的变化作了比较,同时对近年来绒山羊毛囊分子调控方面的研究进行了综述,以期为今后有关绒山羊毛囊生长发育的研究提供参考依据。     

Effects of Photoperiod on Stem Cells Activation in Cashmere Goat Hair Follicles

In order to extend the anagen of cashmere goat hair follicles and increase the production of cashmere,this study was performed with artificially shorten the daylight time among Arbas White cashmere goats. Skin tissue sections from cashmere goats were collected to compare the morphologic changes between artificial daylight and natural daylight,and immunohistochemical method was used to study the hair follicle cell proliferation and important protein expression in related signaling pathways. The results showed that strong cell proliferation occurred in cashmere goat hair follicle cells during artificial daylight,plenty of cytokeratin 15 (K15) positive signals were distributed in the outer root sheath,β-catenin protein was actively expressed in hair matrix and root sheath, indicating that the hair follicles were in the anagen growth phase;Meanwhile,cashmere goat hair follicles under natural daylight were in telogen with weak signals. Above all prove that short photoperiod played an important role in promoting hair follicle growth,the artificial short photoperiod could change hair follicle growth cycle and make hair follicles earlier enter to the anagen growth phase,causing a variety of typical gene expressions during hair follicle growth.     

光周期对于绒山羊毛囊干细胞激活的影响

为了延长绒山羊毛囊兴盛期,提高羊绒产量,本试验通过人工缩短内蒙古阿尔巴斯型绒山羊的日照时间,利用组织切片技术对比人工短光照和自然光照周期下绒山羊皮肤组织形态变化,利用免疫组织化学方法研究毛囊细胞增殖及相关信号通路重要蛋白的表达。结果显示,人工短光照周期下绒山羊毛囊细胞增殖强烈,干细胞标记角蛋白15（cytokeratin 15,K15）阳性信号大量分布于外根鞘,β-catenin信号活跃表达于毛母质及根鞘,毛囊提前进入兴盛期;而自然光照周期下绒山羊毛囊仍停留在休止期,相应蛋白信号表达较弱。综上表明,短日照对毛囊生长具有明显的促进作用,人工短光照周期可以提前激活毛囊干细胞,使其提前进入兴盛期,引起多种毛囊生长相关蛋白的表达。     

基于RNA-Seq分析褪黑激素对绒山羊皮肤基因表达的影响

为了研究褪黑激素（melatonin,MT）对绒山羊皮肤毛囊基因表达的影响,筛选与皮肤毛囊发育相关的重要基因．选取处于皮肤毛囊发育生长起始点（5月）的内蒙古绒山羊罕山型个体6只,分别作为埋植组（皮下埋植MT,n=3）和对照组（不埋植MT,n=3）,以绒山羊个体皮肤组织为试验材料,对其进行RNA—Seq测序,利用生物信息学方法对转录组数据进行分析．在测序数据质量控制的基础上,对差异表达基因进行筛选、功能注释和富集分析。结果表明,共筛选获得了462个在埋植组与对照组中差异表达的基因,其中,上调表达208个,下调表达254个;KEGG富集性分析表明差异表达基因主要参与：代谢途径、不饱和脂肪酸生物合成、脂肪酸代谢、癌症信号通路、鳞状细胞癌信号通路、黑色素合成、Wnt信号通路以及补体和凝血级联反应等,Wnt信号可能在褪黑激素调控皮肤毛囊发育中发挥重要作用．、研究结果为进一步阐明褪黑激素影响毛囊生长的分子机理提供了依据。     

Characteristics of Ovarian Follicle Development in Domestic Animals

In most domestic animals the later stages of follicle development occurs in a wave‐like pattern during oestrous cycles (cattle, sheep, goats, horses and buffalo) or periods of reproductive activity (llamas and camels). A follicle wave is the organized development of a cohort of gonadotrophin‐dependent follicles all of which initially increase in size, but most of which subsequently regress and die by atresia (subordinate follicles). The number of remaining (dominant) follicles is specific to the species and is indicative of litter size. Follicle waves develop during both luteal and follicular phases and it is the dominant follicle(s) of the last follicular wave that ovulates. However, there are cases where dominant follicles from the last two follicle waves can ovulate (sheep and goats). There are exceptions to the organized wave‐like pattern of follicle growth where follicle development is apparently continuous (pigs and chickens). In these animals many follicles develop to intermediate diameters and at specific times follicles that are destined to ovulate are selected from this pool and continue growing to ovulation. Understanding the pattern of follicle development in different species is increasingly important for designing improved methods to manipulate reproduction in domestic animals.