ITGB5和MUC13基因在产肠毒素大肠杆菌抗性和易感大白仔猪间的差异表达分析

为分析仔猪腹泻抗性候选基因在大白仔猪抗性和易感个体间的差异表达情况及组织表达特异性,实验利用荧光定量PCR技术检测整合素β5(ITGB5)基因和黏蛋白13(MUC13)基因在仔猪小肠、脾脏、肺脏、胸腺、肝脏和淋巴6种组织中的表达水平以及在产肠毒素大肠杆菌(ETEC F4)抗性和易感仔猪个体间的差异表达情况。结果表明:大白仔猪ITGB5基因在6种组织中均有一定的表达,在抗性个体小肠组织中的表达量低于易感个体(P>0.05);MUC13基因在小肠中高度表达,在其他组织中表达量较低,且抗性个体的表达量显著高于易感个体(P<0.05)。由此可知,小肠组织中ITGB5基因的低表达和MUC13基因的高表达可能有助于降低致病性大肠杆菌黏附到小肠上皮细胞上,进而实现对致病性大肠杆菌的抗性。ITGB5基因和MUC13基因可能与仔猪腹泻抗性存在密切关系,都可以作为抗性候选基因用于标记辅助选择,应用于抗腹泻仔猪的选育。     

SLA-DQA基因在F18大肠杆菌抗性和敏感性断奶仔猪间的差异表达分析

运用荧光定量PCR方法分析SLA-DQA基因在苏太猪F18大肠杆菌病抗性和敏感性资源群体中各个组织的分布和表达水平,以及在抗性组和敏感组中的表达差异,以探讨SLA-DQA基因在断奶仔猪抗大肠杆菌F18菌株感染中发挥的作用。试验结果显示,SLA-DQA基因在所检测的11个组织中均有表达,并呈现相似的表达规律,在肺、脾和淋巴结中的表达量较高,在空肠、十二指肠和胸腺中也有中度的表达。SLA-DQA基因在抗性组个体各个组织中的表达量普遍高于敏感性个体,而且在肺、脾、淋巴结、空肠和十二指肠5个组织中,SLA-DQA基因在抗性组个体中的表达量显著高于敏感性个体(P<0.05)。由此可见,当断奶仔猪受到大肠杆菌毒素侵扰后,SLA-DQA基因较高的表达量有利于SLA-II类抗原分子的合成,SLA-DQA基因虽然不是针对由大肠杆菌F18菌株造成的断奶仔猪腹泻和水肿病的直接免疫因子,但是在断奶仔猪受大肠杆菌F18菌株病原菌侵袭后引起的一系列生理变化和应答过程中发挥着重要的作用。     

Relationship Between Expression Levels of Porcine m6A Demethylases FTO and ALKBH5 Genes and Resistance to E.coli F18 Infection

To investigate the relationship between the mRNA expression level of m⁶A demethylase and E.coli F18 resistance in piglets,Real-time quantitative PCR was used to detect the mRNA expression differences of m⁶A demethylase FTO and ALKBH5 genes in the duodenum and jejunum tissues of E.coli F18-resistant and -sensitive individuals from 35-day Sutai weaned piglets.In E.coli F18ab,F18ac bacteria-stimulated and endotoxin LPS-induced porcine small intestinal epithelial cells (IPEC-J2),the expression levels of FTO and ALKBH5 genes were detected,respectively.The results showed that the expression levels of FTO and ALKBH5 genes in the duodenum and jejunum of resistant individuals were extremely significantly or significantly higher than those of sensitive individuals (P<0.01,P<0.05),and the expression of FTO gene were not significantly changed in E.coli F18 bacteria-stimulated IPEC-J2 cells (P>0.05),but the expression levels of ALKBH5 gene were significantly up-regulated after F18ac stimulation (P<0.05).After LPS induction for 4 hours,the expression levels of FTO and ALKBH5 genes showed significant up-regulation in IPEC-J2 cells (P<0.05).This study preliminarily verified and indicated that the expression levels of m⁶A demethylases FTO and ALKBH5 genes were closely related to E.coli resistance of piglets at the cellular and individual levels,which will provide a theoretical basis for future in-depth study of the regulation mechanism of RNA demethylation modification on bacterial diarrhea in piglets.     

猪m6A去甲基化酶FTO、ALKBH5基因表达水平与大肠杆菌F18感染抗性的关系分析

为了探讨猪6-甲基腺嘌呤（m⁶A）去甲基化酶mRNA表达水平与仔猪大肠杆菌F18抗性的关系,本研究运用实时荧光定量PCR方法检测m⁶A去甲基化酶FTO和ALKBH5基因在35日龄苏太猪断奶仔猪大肠杆菌F18抗性型和敏感型个体十二指肠和空肠组织中的mRNA表达差异,同时分别利用F18ab、F18ac大肠杆菌菌体刺激和内毒素LPS诱导猪小肠上皮细胞（IPEC-J2）,检测FTO、ALKBH5基因表达变化。结果表明,FTO、ALKBH5基因在抗性型个体十二指肠和空肠中的表达量均极显著或显著高于敏感型个体（P<0.01,P<0.05）;不同F18大肠杆菌菌体刺激IPEC-J2细胞后,FTO基因表达水平均无显著变化（P>0.05）,而ALKBH5基因在F18ac刺激后表达量显著上调（P<0.05）;LPS诱导4 h时,FTO和ALKBH5基因表达量均显著上调（P<0.05）。本研究在细胞和个体水平上初步验证并发现了m⁶A去甲基化酶FTO和ALKBH5基因表达水平与大肠杆菌感染仔猪密切相关,为今后深入研究RNA去甲基化修饰在仔猪细菌性腹泻调控中的作用机制提供了理论基础。     

Tissue Expression Profile and Differential Expression of LTβR Gene in Sutai Piglets of Different Ages

Dynamic changes of LTβR expression levels in 11 tissues (heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, stomach, muscle, thymus, lymph node, duodenum and jejunum) of Sutai piglets ranging from newborn to post-weaning days 8, 18, 30, and 35 were compared and analyzed by the Real-time PCR method, which aimed to provide theoretical basis for further investigate the relationship between LTβR gene and pathogenicity of E.coli F18.The results revealed that the LTβR expression levels were higher in the liver, spleen, lung, kidney, stomach, lymph node, duodenum and jejunum, and showed obvious age-dependent expression differentiation.The LTβR expression levels in the lymph node, duodenum, and jejunum were extremely significant higher in 8 days old piglets than in the other age stages (P<0.01), and the expression levels were extremely significantly higher in the lungs of 8 days old piglets than in 35 days old piglets (P<0.01) and significantly higher than 30 days old piglets (P<0.05).In the liver tissue, the expression level was extremely significant higher in 35 days old piglets than in other age stages (P<0.01).In the stomach tissue, the expression level was significantly higher in 35 days old piglets than in 18 days old piglets (P<0.05).The results speculated that intestinal immune barrier of piglets formed rapidly around 8 days old and the higher LTβR expression could contribute to the resistance to E.coli F18.     

不同日龄苏太仔猪LTβR基因组织表达谱及发育性表达规律分析

试验旨在探讨LTβR基因在仔猪出生至断奶期间的mRNA表达变化,为进一步研究该基因与F18大肠杆菌致病的相关性提供理论依据。本试验选取从初生到断奶的4个日龄(8、18、30和35日龄)苏太仔猪各4头,利用实时荧光定量PCR方法分别比较分析了LTβR基因在各个体11个组织(心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肺脏、肾脏、胃、肌肉、胸腺、淋巴结、十二指肠及空肠)间的表达规律。结果表明,LTβR基因在肝脏、脾脏、肺脏、肾脏、胃、淋巴结、十二指肠及空肠组织中呈现较高水平的表达,并且表现出明显的发育性表达差异。LTβR基因在8日龄仔猪淋巴、十二指肠和空肠组织中的表达极显著高于其他日龄(P<0.01);在8日龄仔猪肺脏组织中的表达极显著高于35日龄(P<0.01),且显著高于30日龄(P<0.05);在35日龄仔猪肝脏组织中的表达极显著高于其他日龄(P<0.01);在35日龄仔猪胃组织中的表达显著高于18日龄(P<0.05)。由此推测,8日龄左右为仔猪肠道免疫屏障快速形成期,LTβR基因的较高表达可能有利于仔猪对F18大肠杆菌抗性。     

SLA-DQA基因在大约克、苏太和梅山猪断奶仔猪中组织表达差异分析

本研究旨在通过对SLA-DQA基因在苏太猪大肠杆菌F18菌株抗性群体和大约克猪、梅山猪断奶仔猪各组织间的表达规律及其在3个群体间表达差异的分析,探讨SLA-DQA基因与国内外猪品种断奶仔猪不同水平免疫机能和大肠杆菌抗性间的潜在关系。研究结果显示,SLA-DQA基因在3个猪群体所检测的11个组织中均表达,并且表达规律基本一致,在肺脏、脾脏、淋巴结等免疫器官中的表达量较高,在胃、十二指肠、空肠等消化道中表达量居中。SLA-DQA基因在苏太猪所有检测组织中的表达量均最高,大约克中次之,梅山猪中表达量最低。尤其在肺脏、淋巴结和胸腺3个组织中,SLA-DQA基因在苏太猪中的表达量均显著高于其在梅山猪中的表达量;在胸腺组织中,SLA-DQA基因在苏太猪中的表达量显著高于大约克猪。研究结果表明,SA-DQA基因在断奶仔猪受大肠杆菌F18菌株病原菌侵袭后引起的一系列生理变化和应答过程中发挥着重要的抗原递呈和激发机体免疫的作用。     

大白猪肿瘤坏死因子α基因启动子区多态性及其对mRNA表达水平的影响

肿瘤坏死因子α(tumor necrosis factor,TNF-α)基因在机体固有免疫和炎症反应中发挥重要作用,本研究旨在分析大白猪TNF-α基因启动子区C-791T多态性及其与基因表达之间的关系,为分析TNF-α基因启动子区C-791T突变的遗传学效应提供科学依据.本试验利用PCR-SSCP方法对201头大白猪TNF-α基因启动子区C-791T位点多态性进行检测,同时利用Real-time PCR方法分析TNF-α基因C-791T位点不同基因型在大白猪11个组织中的mRNA差异表达情况.结果表明,大白猪TNF-α基因启动子区-791 bp处存在碱基突变(C> T),并检测到3种基因型,分别为:CC、CT和TT.TNF-α基因在断奶仔猪脾脏、肺脏、胸腺和淋巴结等免疫器官中表达量均较高;TT和CT基因型个体在11个组织中TNF-α基因表达量普遍高于CC基因型个体,且在十二指肠及空肠组织中达到差异显著性水平(P <0.05).因此,TNF-α基因启动子区C-791T突变对该基因的mRNA表达水平产生显著影响,有必要将TNF-α基因启动子区C-791T位点多态性作为提升机体肠道病原菌抗性的遗传标记进行深入研究.     

Host genotype and amoxicillin administration affect the incidence of diarrhoea and faecal microbiota of weaned piglets during a natural multiresistant ETEC infection

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is the aetiological agent of postweaning diarrhoea (PWD) in piglets. The SNPs located on the Mucine 4 (MUC4) and Fucosyltransferase 1 (FUT1) genes have been associated with the susceptibility to ETEC F4 and ETEC F18, respectively. The interplay between the MUC4 and FUT1 genotypes to ETEC infection and the use of amoxicillin in modifying the intestinal microbiota during a natural infection by multiresistant ETEC strains have never been investigated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the MUC4 and FUT1 genotypes and the administration of amoxicillin through different routes on the presence of diarrhoea and the faecal microbiota composition in piglets naturally infected with ETEC. Seventy-one piglets were divided into three groups: two groups differing by amoxicillin administration routes—parenteral (P) or oral (O) and a control group without antibiotics (C). Faecal scores, body weight, presence of ETEC F4 and F18 were investigated 4 days after the arrival in the facility (T0), at the end of the amoxicillin administration (T1) and after the withdrawal period (T2). The faecal bacteria composition was assessed by sequencing the 16S rRNA gene. We described that MUC4 and FUT1 genotypes were associated with the presence of ETEC F4 and ETEC F18. The faecal microbiota was influenced by the MUC4 genotypes at T0. We found the oral administration to be associated with the presence of diarrhoea at T1 and T2. Furthermore, the exposure to amoxicillin resulted in significant alterations of the faecal microbiota. Overall, MUC4 and FUT1 were confirmed as genetic markers for the susceptibility to ETEC infections in pigs. Moreover, our data highlight that group amoxicillin treatment may produce adverse outcomes on pig health in course of multiresistant ETEC infection. Therefore, alternative control measures able to maintain a healthy faecal microbiota in weaners are recommended.     

猪m6A甲基化酶WTAP基因与F18大肠杆菌感染的关系

本研究旨在探讨猪m⁶A甲基化酶WTAP表达水平与大肠杆菌（E. coli）感染抗性的关系。选取35日龄苏太断奶仔猪（Sus scrofa）大肠杆菌抗性型和敏感型个体各4头,采集十二指肠和空肠组织,利用RT-qPCR检测WTAP在E. coli抗性型和敏感型个体十二指肠、空肠的表达差异,并分别利用产肠毒素大肠杆菌（F18ab、F18ac）刺激和内毒素（LPS）诱导猪小肠上皮细胞（IPEC-J2）,检测WTAP基因的表达变化。同时构建WTAP基因干扰载体并转染IPEC-J2细胞,通过菌毛定量、菌落计数以及间接免疫荧光试验检测该基因沉默对大肠杆菌黏附能力的影响。结果显示：在十二指肠和空肠组织中,WTAP基因在E. coli抗性型个体中的表达量显著高于敏感型个体（P<0.01）;并且在F18ab和F18ac刺激后表达量显著下降,与LPS诱导6 h后结果相一致（P<0.01）。沉默WTAP基因后,大肠杆菌黏附能力极显著上升（P<0.01）。本研究在细胞和个体水平上验证发现,m⁶A甲基转移酶WTAP的高表达可能有助于仔猪抗大肠杆菌感染,为进一步揭示仔猪抗大肠杆菌感染的RNA甲基化调控机制奠定基础。     

Experimental infection with Escherichia coli O149:F4ac in weaned piglets

The outcome of experimental intestinal infections with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is dependent on several factors. An important factor is adhesion of the challenge strain to the intestinal mucosa. The test for susceptibility towards ETEC adhesion has so far been made by an intestinal adhesion test made after slaughter of piglets. However, in an experimental infection study with the purpose to obtain diarrhoeic piglets, it would be an advantage to test for susceptibility prior to experimentation. The Mucin 4 gene on porcine chromosome 13 has been proposed as a candidate gene for the production of the specific ETEC F4ab/ac receptor, and a DNA marker-based test has been developed to allow genotyping for ETEC F4ab/ac resistance/susceptibility [J?rgensen, C.B., Cirera, S., Archibald, A.L., Anderson, L., Fredholm, M., Edfors-Lilja, I., 2004. Porcine polymorphisms and methods for detecting them. International application published under the patent cooperation treaty (PCT). PCT/DK2003/000807 or WO2004/048606-A2]. The aim of this study was to test an experimental model for ETEC O149:F4ac-induced diarrhoea in piglets, selected for susceptibility towards ETEC O149:F4ac adhesion prior to experimentation using a DNA marker-based test. Sixty-two healthy 25-32 days old recently weaned Danish crossbred piglets were used. All piglets were tested prior to experimentation for susceptibility or resistance towards ETEC O149:F4ac adhesion. Thirty-nine piglets, both susceptible and resistant, were oro-gastric intubated with 10(9)CFU of ETEC O149:F4ac and 23 age-matched piglets, both susceptible and resistant, were used as non-infected controls. Of susceptible piglets, challenged with ETEC O149:F4ac, 74% had ETEC O149:F4ac-associated diarrhoea first day after first challenge, which were significantly higher relatively to the resistant and challenged piglets where 20% had diarrhoea (p=0.04). This study suggests a model for experimental ETEC induced diarrhoea.     

The search for the gene mutations underlying enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli F4ab/ac susceptibility in pigs: a review

Diarrhoea due to enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli with fimbriae F4 (ETEC-F4) is an important problem in neonatal and just weaned piglets and hence for the pig farming industry. There is substantial evidence for a genetic basis for susceptibility to ETEC-F4 since not all piglets suffer from diarrhoea after an ETEC-F4 infection. It is assumed that the wild boar was originally ETEC-F4 resistant and that susceptibility towards ETEC arose after domestication. There are different phenotypes in the pig determined by which of the three existing F4 variants (F4ab, F4ac or F4ad) they are susceptible or resistant for. This suggests that several F4 receptors exist, expressed individually or in combination with each other on the brush border of the piglet’s small intestine. As such, the mucin-type glycoproteins (IMTGP) are described as F4ab/ac receptors, while the intestinal neutral glycospingolipid (IGLad) is proposed as an F4ad receptor. GP74 is a putative F4ab receptor. However, the specific genes that encode for the susceptibility are not yet known. In the past decades, linkage analyses revealed that the loci encoding for the receptor(s) for the two most frequent variants F4ab and F4ac were mapped to the 13^th chromosome of the pig (Sus scrofa 13, SSC13). After fine mapping, the region of interest was mapped between two microsatellite markers, Sw207 and S0075, and interesting candidate genes surfaced. Numerous SNP analyses and a few expression studies on the three MUC-genes (MUC4, MUC13 and MUC20) and the transferrin receptor gene (TFRC) as well as on some other positional candidate genes have been performed in order to find the causative mutation for the ETEC-F4ab/ac receptor(s). However, until today, the exact mutation causing susceptibility to ETEC-F4 remains unknown.     

Resistance to ETEC F4/F18–mediated piglet diarrhoea: opening the gene black box

Diarrhoea, a significant problem in pig rearing industry affecting pre- and post-weaning piglets is caused by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC). The ETEC are classified as per the fimbriae types which are responsible for bacterial attachment with enterocytes and release of toxins causing diarrhoea. However, genetic difference exists for susceptibility to ETEC infection in piglets. The different phenotypes found in pigs determine their (pigs’) susceptibility or resistance towards fimbrial subtypes/variants (F4ab, F4ac, F4ad and F18). Specific receptors are present on intestinal epithelium for attachment of these fimbriae, which do not express to same level in all animals. This differential expression is genetically determined and thus their genetic causes (may be putative candidate gene or mutations) render some animals resistant or susceptible to one or more fimbrial subtypes. Genetic linkage studies have revealed the mapping location of the receptor loci for the two most frequent variants F4ab and F4ac to SSC13q41 (i.e. q arm of 13th chromosome of Sus scrofa). Some SNPs have been identified in mucin gene family, transferring receptor gene, fucosyltransferase 1 gene and swine leucocyte antigen locus that are proposed to be linked mutations for resistance/susceptibility towards ETEC diarrhoea. However, owing to the variety of fimbrial types and subtypes, it would be difficult to identify a single causative mutation and the candidate loci may involve more number of genes/regions. In this review, we focus on the genetic mutations in genes involved in imparting resistance/susceptibility to F4 or F18 ETEC diarrhoea and possibilities to use them as marker for selection against susceptible animals.

     

NODs/RIP2信号通路关键基因在断奶仔猪不同组织中的mRNA表达

本试验旨在研究核苷酸结合寡聚化结构域蛋白/受体相互作用蛋白2(NODs/RIP2)信号通路关键基因在断奶仔猪不同组织的分布情况。选择12头杜×长×大断奶仔猪,屠宰,取脾脏、胸腺、肠道淋巴结、下丘脑、垂体、肾上腺、肝脏、腓肠肌、皮下脂肪、空肠和回肠组织。应用实时荧光定量PCR技术测定NODs/RIP2信号通路关键基因,包括NOD1、NOD2和RIP2在各组织的mRNA表达水平。结果表明:NOD1、NOD2和RIP2在所检测的11个组织中均有表达。NOD1 mRNA在肠道淋巴结和下丘脑表达量较高;NOD2 mRNA在肠道淋巴结、脾脏、下丘脑和胸腺表达量较高;RIP2 mRNA在肠道淋巴结、胸腺和脾脏表达量较高。NODs/RIP2信号通路关键基因在不同组织中表达差异较大,可能与仔猪各组织对病原的识别和抵抗能力有关。     

苜蓿皂苷对断奶仔猪生长性能、肠道菌群、组织抗氧化能力及相关酶mRNA表达的影响

本试验旨在研究苜蓿皂苷对断奶仔猪生长性能、肠道菌群、组织抗氧化能力及相关酶mRNA表达的影响。选取24头平均体重为8 kg的大×长杂交断奶仔猪,随机分为2组,每组3个重复,每个重复4头猪。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,苜蓿皂苷组饲喂在基础饲粮中添加0.25%苜蓿皂苷的饲粮。预试期10 d,正试期30 d。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,饲粮中添加苜蓿皂苷可显著提高断奶仔猪平均日增重(P0.05),并显著降低料重比(P0.05)。2)与对照组相比,饲粮中添加苜蓿皂苷可显著降低仔猪十二指肠和盲肠的pH(P0.05),显著提高十二指肠、空肠和回肠中乳酸菌数量(P0.05)。3)与对照组相比,饲粮中添加苜蓿皂苷可显著提高仔猪肝脏和肾脏中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性(P0.05),并显著提高仔猪肝脏和空肠中GSH-Px mRNA表达量及十二指肠和回肠中CAT mRNA表达量(P0.05)。综上,苜蓿皂苷可以提高断奶仔猪生长性能,增强其组织抗氧化能力并有效改善其肠道菌群。     

猪德尔塔冠状病毒感染对初生仔猪小肠杯状细胞数量及Hes1和MUC2表达的影响

旨在探讨猪德尔塔冠状病毒（PDCoV）感染仔猪对小肠杯状细胞（goblet cell,GC）的影响,将6头未吃初乳的初生仔猪静养2 d后随机分为感染组（n=3）和对照组（n=3）,感染组仔猪口服接种5 mL 1×10⁵ TCID₅₀·mL^-1 PDCoV-CHN-HG-2017毒株,对照组仔猪口服5 mL DMEM培养基。感染组仔猪分别在口服接种后22、39和70 h出现明显腹泻、脱水和嗜睡等临床症状,及时实施安乐死并采集小肠组织样品;对应时间点分别选取对照组1头仔猪实施安乐死并采集小肠组织样品。采用HE染色、PAS染色和AB染色观察小肠组织病理学变化和GC数量变化。采用荧光定量PCR和ELISA分别检测初生仔猪小肠组织中发状分裂相关增强子1（Hes1）和黏蛋白2（MUC2）的转录和含量的变化。结果显示,感染组仔猪与对照组仔猪相比小肠各段黏膜结构均有不同程度损伤,绒毛长度降低且差异显著（P<0.05）,VH：CD的比值降低且差异显著（P<0.05）。PAS染色与AB染色结果一致,小肠各段GC数量均有不同程度减少且差异显著（P<0.05、P<0.01或P<0.001）。感染组仔猪与对照组仔猪相比小肠各段Hes1 mRNA的转录量和含量均升高,在空肠和回肠中Hes1 mRNA转录量差异显著（P<0.01或P<0.05）,在十二指肠和回肠中Hes1含量差异显著（P<0.01）。感染组仔猪与对照组仔猪相比小肠各段MUC2 mRNA的转录量和含量均降低,在十二指肠和回肠中差异显著（P<0.05、P<0.01或P<0.001）。结果表明,PDCoV感染初生仔猪后引起小肠GC数量明显减少。PDCoV感染仔猪可能通过激活肠道Notch信号通路下游靶基因Hes1表达来阻碍小肠中GC形成和分泌,导致GC数量减少和MUC2表达降低。     

环江香猪黏附素13基因多态性及其与仔猪腹泻的相关性分析

试验旨在对环江香猪仔猪腹泻抗性/易感的黏附素13基因（MUC13）单核苷酸多态性（single nucleotide polymorphism,SNP）/单倍型与仔猪腹泻的相关性进行分析。试验采用高分辨率熔解曲线（high resolution melting,HRM）技术对93头环江香猪腹泻仔猪和95头健康对照仔猪进行基因分型,结合DNA测序对HRM检测结果进行验证,并通过SHEsis在线平台确定其单倍型。结果显示,环江香猪MUC13基因的G224A位等位基因分布频率在腹泻组和对照组间差异显著（P < 0.05）,GG、GA和GG+GA基因型分别与AA基因型相比差异均显著（P < 0.05）。A112G、T170C和G164C位点各基因型频率和等位基因频率在腹泻组和对照组之间差异均不显著（P > 0.05）,腹泻组与对照组E位点均为野生纯合基因型。单倍型Ⅹ（GTAC）在腹泻组的分布极显著高于对照组（P < 0.01）。因此,MUC13基因G224A位点和单倍型Ⅹ（GTAC）与环江香猪仔猪断奶前腹泻相关。     

Association Analysis of MUC13 Gene Polymorphisms with Diarrhea in Huanjiang Miniature Pigs

The purpose of the study was to analyze the association between MUC13 gene polymorphisms and piglet diarrhea in Huanjiang miniature pigs.93 diarrhea piglets and 95 healthy controls were included in the study.The MUC13 gene polymorphisms were determined using high resolution melting (HRM),and the results of HRM were verified by direct sequencing.Mutations were compared between diarrhea piglets and healthy controls.SHEsis online platform was used to calculate the haplotypes.There were statistically significant association on G224A site showed significant difference between diarrhea piglets and healthy controls by allele frequencies (P < 0.05),and there were also statistically significant differences between the two groups by genotypes among GG,GA,GG+GA and AA (P < 0.05).But no statistically significant association was found between polymorphisms of A112G,T170C and G164C sites and piglet diarrhea risk (P > 0.05).However,haplotype Ⅹ (GTAC) in the distribution of diarrhea group was extremely significantly higher (P < 0.01).The present data revealed that MUC13 gene G224A site and the haplotypes Ⅹ (GTAC) were associated with reduce risk of piglet diarrhea.     

肠膜蛋白粉和发酵豆粕替代鱼粉对断奶仔猪免疫功能和消化道发育的影响

本试验旨在研究肠膜蛋白粉和发酵豆粕替代鱼粉对断奶仔猪免疫功能和消化道发育的影响。选用28日龄平均体重为(8.0±0.5)kg的杜×长×大断奶仔猪180头,公、母各半,随机分为3组,每组6个重复,每个重复10头猪。对照组饲喂17.0%豆粕+6.0%鱼粉的日粮,进口肠膜组饲喂16.6%豆粕+4.0%发酵豆粕+4.0%进口肠膜蛋白粉的日粮,国产肠膜组饲喂16.6%豆粕+4.0%发酵豆粕+4.0%国产肠膜蛋白粉的日粮。预试期3 d,正试期14 d。结果表明,与对照组相比,进口肠膜组脾脏指数、下颌淋巴结指数和血清白蛋白(ALB)含量分别显著提高43.53%、49.18%和16.20%(P<0.05),国产肠膜组脾脏指数显著提高41.77%、血清补体C3含量显著降低16.22%(P<0.05);各组间胸腺指数、腹股沟淋巴结指数、髂下淋巴结指数、腘淋巴结指数、颈浅淋巴结指数及血清总蛋白(TP)、尿素氮(BUN)、免疫球蛋白A(IgA)、免疫球蛋白G(IgG)和一氧化氮(NO)含量均无显著差异(P>0.05)。与对照组相比,进口肠膜组胃重量和十二指肠重量无显著差异(P>0.05),而国产肠膜组分别显著降低19.68%和48.55%(P<0.05);进口肠膜组十二指肠长度显著升高(P<0.05),而国产肠膜组显著降低(P<0.05);进口肠膜组和国产肠膜组空肠长度和回肠重量显著降低(P<0.05),且国产肠膜组回肠绒毛高度显著降低(P<0.05);各组间肝脏重量、空肠重量、回肠长度、十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度和隐窝深度均无显著差异(P>0.05)。综上所述,断奶仔猪日粮中使用进口或国产肠膜蛋白粉和发酵豆粕等氮替代鱼粉,对主要免疫器官指数、血清免疫指标和小肠形态无显著影响,但国产肠膜组胃重量和十二指肠重量显著降低。     

BPI基因在梅山猪初生断奶以及成年阶段的组织表达谱分析

为探讨杀菌/通透性增强蛋白(BPI)基因在梅山猪从初生到成年各个时期不同组织中的表达规律,利用qPCR检测初生、断奶、性成熟、体成熟4个重要发育时期(即1、35、134、158日龄)梅山猪的心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肺脏、肾脏、胃、肌肉、胸腺、淋巴结、十二指肠、空肠和回肠12个组织中BPI基因的表达水平。结果表明:4个不同发育阶段BPI基因的组织表达谱在心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肌肉和胸腺中均表现出相对一致的规律,即BPI基因的表达量一直处于极低水平,而在肠道组织中从初生到成年各时期均高度表达;BPI基因在胃中的表达程度随着日龄增长而显著提高;在小肠组织中,35日龄断奶仔猪BPI基因的表达水平极显著高于其他3个日龄。综上,推断肠道中BPI基因的高度表达是仔猪从初生就具有的抵抗大肠杆菌等病原感染属固有免疫的一部分,而在胃中的表达很可能是其后天为了抵御不断侵染的大肠杆菌等病原的结果。