饲用酶制剂在规模养猪中的应用试验

添加饲用酶制剂不仅能有效地消除饲料抗营养因子和毒素的有害作用,而且能全面促进饲粮养分的分解消化和吸收利用,提高畜禽的生产性能和增进畜禽健康。应用饲用酶制剂有利于开发非常规饲料资源,提高常规饲料的利用率,减少畜禽排泄中有机物、氮和磷的排出量,保护和改善生态环境,提高饲料和规模养猪企业的经济效益。为验证酶制剂在规模养猪中的实际效果,选用120头45日龄的杜大长杂交断奶仔猪分为两组,试验组在对照组日粮的基础上添加华芬酶0.2%,以观察华芬酶在断乳仔猪玉米豆粕型日粮中的饲养效果。试验结果表明:试验组的日增重比对照组提高8.84%;饲料转化率提高9.95%;每公斤增重饲料成本降低9.2%。     

饲用鱼油对仔猪生长性能的影响

试验研究了在基础日粮中添加不同比例的饲用鱼油对10kg左右仔猪生长性能的影响。各处理组基础日粮配方相同。Ⅰ组(对照组)不加饲用鱼油,Ⅱ2%的菜籽油+1%的鱼油,Ⅲ1%的菜籽油+2%的鱼油,Ⅳ0.3%饲用鱼油。试验期30d,实验结果表明,在日粮中添加2%和3%的饲用鱼油能有效提高饲料的转化率,显著提高仔猪日增重(P<0.05)。     

甜菜渣对肉兔生长性能的影响

目的通过在肉兔饲料里用4%、8%和12%甜菜渣替代部分苜蓿草粉探讨甜菜渣对肉兔生长性能影响。方法采用单因子随机分组设计,选取80只(雌雄各半)50日龄、体重相近的新西兰兔随机分成4组,每组4个重复,每个重复5只。对照组、试验1组、试验2组和试验3组,分别含有0、4%、8%、12%的甜菜渣,预试期5 d,正试期30 d。结果试验1组、试验2组较对照组日均采食量和平均日增重指标均有改善,其中试验2组较对照组平均日增重显著提高。结论在饲料里用甜菜渣替代部分苜蓿草粉等粗饲料能够改善肉兔的日均采食量指标,提高肉兔的平均日增重,从而提高肉兔的生产性能,综合各项指标,肉兔饲料里添加4%～8%甜菜渣较为理想。     

不同剂量复合酶对泰山肉兔增重效果的影响

饲用复合酶的开发利用研究,尤其是纤维素复合酶应用于动物的研究已有大量的报道。利用纤维素复合酶可提高肉牛的增重和饲料转化率;用于猪鸡效果的研究也有不少报道,结果表明可提高仔猪、肉鸡和兔的日增重和饲料报酬。但不同剂量复合酶应用于肉兔的研究目前还不多。为研究不同剂     

饲料中添加油脂对肉鸭生产性能的影响

本试验选用1日龄樱桃谷肉鸭500只,随机分为10个组(9个试验组和1个对照组),每组50只肉仔鸭。试验组采用二因素、每个因素三个水平的完全随机设计,即在饲粮中添加3%、6%、和9%的大豆油,每个比例分别添饲1周、2周、3周,旨在研究日粮中添加大豆油的用量和时间对肉鸭生产性能的影响。结果表明:各试验组之间以及各试验组与对照组之间肉鸭的死亡率无显著差异(P>0.05);各试验组与对照组之间肉鸭的饲料转化率有显著差异(P<0.05),各试验组之间肉鸭的饲料转化率无显著差异(P>0.05);添加大豆油的比例、时期及比例与添饲时的互作对肉鸭的日增重均有极显著的影响(P<0.01),而以添加6%的比例添饲两周的效果最好。     

冬季恒温饮水和饲粮添加酵母水解物改善肉牛生长性能

试验研究了南方冬季安装恒温饮水系统和饲粮添加酵母水解物对拴系敞篷饲养肉牛生理和生产性能的影响。试验采用双因素设计,选取40头平均体重为177.8 kg的西杂肉牛,随机分成4个处理,处理1组肉牛饮23℃温水,并在饲粮中添加酵母水解物;处理2组肉牛饮23℃温水,饲粮中不添加酵母水解物;处理3组肉牛饮10℃冷水,饲粮中添加酵母水解物;对照组为肉牛饮10℃冷水,饲粮中不添加酵母水解物。酵母水解物的添加量为0.5%,进行为期30 d生长试验。分别测定了牛舍的环境指标、肉牛生理指标和肉牛日增重,并对经济效益进行了分析。结果如下:1冬季肉牛饮23℃温水和饲粮中添加酵母水解物对肉牛呼吸频率和直肠温度无影响;2处理1组、处理2组、处理3组比对照组肉牛平均日增重分别提高了0.25 kg(P<0.05)、0.14 kg(P<0.05)和0.15 kg(P<0.05)。处理1组比对照组增加毛利4.79元/(头·d)。3肉牛饮用23℃温水比饮用10℃冷水的日增重显著提高0.12 kg(P<0.05),增加毛利2元/(头·d)。饲粮添加酵母水解物显著提高日增重0.13 kg(P<0.05),增加毛利2.8元/(头·d)。表明南方冬季肉牛饮23℃温水和饲粮中添加0.5%酵母水解物均显著提高了肉牛生产性能和经济效益,二者结合使用效果较好。     

日粮中添加大豆油对肉鸭生产性能的影响

重庆市养猪科学研究院李仕璋等选用1日龄樱桃谷肉鸭600只,随机分为10个组9个试验组和1个对照组,每组2个重复,每个重复30只肉仔鸭.试验组采用二因素、三个水平的完全随机设计,即在饲粮中添加3%、6%和9%的大豆油,每个比例分别添饲1周、2周、3周,旨在研究日粮中添加大豆油的用量和时间对肉鸭生产性能的影响.结果表明:各试验组之间以及各试验组与对照组之间肉鸭的死亡率无显著差异(P＞0.05);各试验组与对照组之间肉鸭的饲料转化率差异显著(P＜0.05),各试验组之间肉鸭的饲料转化率无显著差异(P＞0.05);添加大豆油的比例、时期及比例与添饲时期的互作对肉鸭的日增重均有极显著的影响(P＜0.01),而以添加6%的比例添饲2周的效果最好.     

饲用鱼油对仔猪生长性能的影响

试验研究了在基础日粮中添加不同比例的饲用鱼油对40日龄断奶仔猪生长性能的影响。选择体重相近40日龄左右的DLY三元杂交猪20头,分为4个组,基础日粮为玉米-豆粕型,各处理组基础日粮配方相同。Ⅰ组(对照组)不加饲用鱼油,Ⅱ2%的菜子油+1%的鱼油,Ⅲ1%的菜子油+2%的鱼油,,Ⅳ3%饲用鱼油。试验期30d,实验结果表明,在日粮中添加2%饲用鱼油对促进日采食量及提高日增重效果均达到最佳。     

酶制剂对黄颡鱼生长性能的影响

研究了黄颡鱼日粮中添加酶制剂对其生产性能的影响。试验用平均体重6.5g的黄颡鱼540尾分成5组（4个试验和1个对应组），每个试验组设2个平行，酶制剂分别按0％、0.05%、0．10％、0．15％、0．25％添加，通过40天的饲养试验。试验结果表明：添加酶制剂可以提高黄颡鱼的生长速度和饲料转化率（P＜0．05）其最佳添加水平为0．15％。     

日粮添加柑桔皮粉对肉仔鸡生长及营养物质代谢的影响

将1日龄肉用仔鸡90只随机分成3组,每组30只。一组是对照组,试验1组和试验2组分别饲喂在基础日粮的基础上添加了1.5%和2.5%柑桔皮粉的日粮,试验期24d。结果表明,在日粮中添加柑桔皮粉的试验鸡效果显著好于对照组。料重比、饲料转化率、只均增重、饲料表观代谢率、体成分中营养物质含量都分别显著高于对照组。2个试验组的经济效益比对照组鸡分别提高了27.35%和29.46%。     

硫酸钠对肉仔鸡早期增重的影响

肉仔鸡全价饲料中添加３ｇ／ｋｇ硫酸钠．探讨硫酸钠对肉仔鸡增重的影响。试验结果表明,试验组增重比对照组高,差异极显著（Ｐ＜０．０１）,试验组饲料转化率比对照组高,但差异不显著（Ｐ＞０ ．０５）。试验组较对照组增重成本降低３．０５％。     

奇可利和紫花苜蓿对新西兰白兔生产性能影响的研究

选取35日龄和45日龄的断奶新西兰白兔各24只,分别随机分为3组,每组8只。对照组只喂精料,试验I组用紫花苜蓿代替20%基础日粮,试验II组用奇可利代替20%基础日粮,比较这3组试验兔的增重、日增重、生长速度、料重比,分析比较2种牧草的经济效益。结果显示:试验期内试验I组日增重分别为36.88、37.18g,试验II组日增重分别为35.40、35.65g,对照组日增重分别为33.63、34.39g,试验I组、试验II组和对照组肉兔的只均增重和日增重均存在极显著差异(P<0.01);但试验I组的料重比分别比对照组下降4.60%、4.68%,试验II组的料重比分别比对照组下降9.51%、9.06%;试验II组比试验I组和对照组的只均获利高,经济效益好。由此可见,用奇可利和紫花苜蓿代替部分精饲料是可行的。     

Evaluation of Various Concentrations of Dietary Protein and Animal Protein for Pond-Raised Channel Catfish Ictalurus punctatus Fed to Satiation or at a Restricted Rate

A factorial experiment was conducted to evaluate effect of dietary protein (28% or 32%), animal protein (0, 3, or 6%), and feeding rate (satiation or >90 kg/ha per d) on production characteristics, processing yield, and body composition of pond-raised channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus . Fingerling channel catfish (average weight: 55 g/fish) were stocked into 60, 0.04-ha ponds at a rate of 18,530 fish/ha. Five ponds were used for each dietary treatment. Fish were fed once daily to satiation or no more than 90 kg/ha per d for 147 d. Fish fed at a rate of >90 kg/ha per d consumed about 85% of the amount of feed consumed by fish fed to satiation. Dietary protein did not affect the total amount of feed fed, amount of feed consumed per fish, weight gain, feed conversion efficiency, or fillet protein. Animal protein had no effect on the total amount of feed fed, amount of feed consumed per fish, weight gain, or fillet protein and ash. Fish fed a diet containing 6% animal protein converted feed more efficiently than fish fed diets containing 0% and 3% animal protein. Fish fed to satiation daily consumed more feed, gained more weight, converted the feed less efficiently, and had a higher carcass yield, a higher level of visceral fat as compared to fish fed at a rate of >90 kg/ha per d. Feeding rate had no effect on fillet protein. Results from this study indicated that both a 28% and a 32% protein diet with or without animal protein provided the same growth rate of channel catfish raised in ponds from fingerlings to marketable size if feed is not restricted below a maximum rate of 90 kg/ha per d. Even though there were some interactions among the three factors evaluated, dietary protein levels of 28% to 32% and animal protein levels of 0% to 6% do not appear to markedly affect carcass yield and fillet proximate composition of pond-raised channel catfish.     

Fish meal replacement with squilla (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Oratosquilla nepa</Emphasis>, Latreille) silage in a practical diet for the juvenile giant freshwater prawn, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Macrobrachium rosenbergii</Emphasis> de man, 1879

Replacement of fish meal with squilla silage in practical diet for the juvenile giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, was evaluated. Five iso-nitrogenous and iso-caloric diets were prepared in which protein requirements were met with 100% fish meal (control, diet 1) and squilla silage replacing fish meal at 25, 50, 75 and 100% (diets 2, 3, 4 and 5, respectively). Water stability and water absorption of five feeds revealed significant differences (P?<?0.05). The weight gain varied between a maximum of 248.50?±?34.07% in diet 4 to lowest 132.45?±?14.34% in diet 1. The average daily gain in weight in grams varied from 0.091?±?0.01 (diet 5) to 0.154?±?0.04 (diet 3), whilst the specific growth rate and gross growth coefficient values were recorded highest in diet 4. Highest survival rates (86.66?±?5.77%) were recorded in both experimental diets 4 and 5. Low feed conversion ratio of 1.19?±?0.21 was recorded from diet 4, whilst the highest value of 2.16?±?0.09% was estimated from the diet 5. Proximate carcass composition showed highest crude protein content in post-larvae fed with diet 5 (47.24%) in contrast to lowest diet 1 (36.12%). Lipid values fluctuated significantly between 2.45 and 7.18% (P?<?0.05) between treatments. The ash content significantly increased from diet 1 (16.34%) to diet 5 (20.69%) (P?<?0.05). Highest feed efficiency (gain/feed) value was recorded in diet 4 (1.52?±?0.22), whilst the diet 5 showed lowest value (0.99?±?0.06). The results suggested that squilla silage can be utilised up to 75% of the protein in prawn diets for fish meal replacement.     

Quantitative Protein Requirements of the Edible Snail Pomacea urceus (Muller)

Six isocaloric, semi-purified diets containing 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, and 40% crude protein were formulated and fed to juvenile Pomacea urceus (mean length 34.8 mm, mean weight 7.35 g) at the daily rate of 4% biomass over an 18-wk period. The best weight gain of 230% was obtained with the test diet containing 30% crude protein, but was not significantly different from the weight gain of 228% obtained with the 20% protein diet. A lower feed conversion ratio (1.77 compared with 1.90) was obtained with the test diet containing 20% crude protein. A diet containing 20% crude protein is recommended for the culture of Pomacea urceus.     

黄颡幼鱼钙、磷需要量的研究

以鱼粉和豆粕为蛋白源,大豆油和鱼油为脂质源,添加不同含量钙磷配制成4个磷含量水平（1．3％、1．6％、1．9％和2．2％）×2个钙含量水平（2．5％和3．0％）的8种试验饵料。投喂黄颡鱼（平均体重为4．38±0．69）g,进行其对饵料中钙、磷需要量的研究。经64d投喂,结果表明：饵料中适宜的磷含量为1．67％～1．78％。当饵料磷含量为1．67时,生长率最大,为295％;当饵料磷含量为1．78％时,饵料系数最小,为1．95。饵料中添加适量的磷能促进钙的吸收,钙含量和钙磷比对生长和饵料系数的影响不明显。     

肉兔血浆AKP、GPT活性与生产性能关系的研究

对新西兰白兔、加利福尼亚兔、布列塔尼亚兔(A系)、齐卡兔(G系)、布列塔尼亚兔(A系,♂)×新西兰白兔(♀)、布列塔尼亚兔(A系)(♂)×加利福尼亚兔(♀)、齐卡兔(G系)(♂)×新西兰白兔(♀)、齐卡兔(G系)(♂)×加利福尼亚兔(♀)100日龄血浆碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、谷丙转氨酶(GPT)活性,及其与100日龄体重、平均日增重和料重比的相关性进行了研究。结果表明:齐卡兔(G系)、齐卡兔(G系)(♂)×新西兰白兔(♀)、布列塔尼亚兔(A系)血浆AKP活性显著高于新西兰白兔、加利福尼亚兔、布列塔尼亚兔(A系)(♂)×加利福尼亚兔(♀)(P<0.05)。加利福尼亚兔血浆GPT活性显著高于齐卡兔(G系)(♂)×加利福尼亚兔(♀),其它六个品种(或组合)兔之间差异不显著。八个品种(或组合)兔血浆AKP活性与100日龄体重、平均日增重均呈正相关,总相关系数均达极显著水平(P<0.01),与料重比呈负相关,相关不显著。八个品种(或组合)兔血浆GPT活性与100日龄体重、平均日增重基本上呈负相关,且总相关系数达显著或极显著水平,与料重比基本上呈正相关,总相关系数不显著。     

The effects of extrusion and pelleting of feed for trout on the digestibility of protein,amino acids and energy and on feed conversion

One feeding and two digestion experiments were performed in order to study the effect of feed processing by extrusion and pelleting on feed conversion and on the digestibility of energy, protein and amino acids. Feed conversion was 1·24 when trout was reared on an extruded diet as compared with 1·61 when reared on the same but pelleted diet. The specific growth rates of 1·56 and 1·55%, respectively, attained with both diets, were almost identical due to a depression of voluntary intake of the extruded diet. The effect of different daily feed intakes in percentage of body weight (NI, %) on the digestibility of energy (D, %) could be described using the following linear regression equations: D(%) = 78·3 ? 5·9 NI(%) for the pelleted diet and D(%) = 87·5 ? 3·9 NI(%) for the extruded diet. Though conversion of the extruded and pelleted diets differed significantly the digestible energy needed to produce 1 kg of gain was nearly the same, 17 370 kJ and 17 580 kJ respectively, indicating that differences in conversion were due to the digestible energy content. The digestion coefficients of the protein and amino acids were not influenced significantly (p < 0·05) by a change in the feed process, but different digestion coefficients for individual amino acids were observed. The use of digestible carbohydrate for trout nutrition is limited by the incidence of liver degeneration.     

Evaluation of Corn Gluten Feed as a Dietary Ingredient for Pond-Raised Channel Catfish Ictalurus punctatus

Abstract.— This study was conducted to evaluate corn gluten feed as an alternative feedstuff in the diet of pond-raised channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus . Three 32%-protein diets containing 0%, 25%, or 50% corn gluten feed were tested. Channel catfish fingerlings (average weight: 57 g/fish) were stocked into 15 0.04-ha ponds at a rate of 18,530 fish/ha. Five ponds were used for each dietary treatment. Fish were fed to satiation once daily for a 147-d growing period. No differences were observed in feed consumption, weight gain, feed conversion ratio, survival, or fillet protein concentration among fish fed the test diets. Fish fed diets containing 25% and 50% corn gluten feed exhibited a lower level of visceral fat and a higher carcass yield than fish fed the control diet without corn gluten feed. The diet containing 50% corn gluten feed resulted in a lower level of fillet fat and a higher level of moisture than the control diet. There were no visible differences in the coloration of skin or fillet of channel catfish fed diets with and without corn gluten feed. Results from this study indicated that channel catfish can efficiently utilize corn gluten feed at levels up to 50%n without adverse effect on feed palatability, weight gain, or feed efficiency. Corn gluten feed may be beneficial in reducing fattiness of channel catfish and improving carcass yield by reducing the digestible energy to protein ratio of the diet.     

Methyl donors potentiates growth, metabolic status and neurotransmitter enzyme in Labeo rohita fingerlings exposed to endosulfan and temperature

A 2-month preliminary study was conducted to delineate the effect of dietary methyl donors (choline, betaine, and lecithin) on the growth performance and metabolic status of Labeo rohita fingerlings subjected to endosulfan alone and in combination with elevated temperature. Four iso-caloric and iso-nitrogenous diets viz. basal diet, betaine-supplemented diet, choline-supplemented diet and lecithin-supplemented diet were prepared and fed to the different experimental groups throughout the experimental period as per the design. Two hundred and seventy fingerlings (average weight 7.95?±?0.04?g) were randomly distributed in six treatment groups each having three replicates. The experimental groups were as follows: fish subjected to normal water (without endosulfan) and fed with control diet (control group T(0)), fish subjected to endosulfan-treated water and fed with control diet (T(1)), fish subjected to concurrent exposure of endosulfan and elevated temperature and fed with control diet (T(2)), fish subjected to endosulfan and elevated temperature and fed with choline-supplemented diet (T(3)), fish subjected to endosulfan and temperature and fed with betaine-supplemented feed (T(4)), and fish subjected to endosulfan and temperature and fed with lecithin-supplemented feed (T(5)). The result shows that in both the groups, that is, endosulfan exposed and concurrent exposure to endosulfan and elevated temperature group of L. rohita the growth performance like percentage weight gain, feed conversion ratio and specific growth rates were significantly different (P?相似文献