远海梭子蟹人工育苗及中间培育技术研究

2011—2012年在海南琼海进行远海梭子蟹(Portunus pelagicus)亲蟹培育、人工育苗及稚蟹中间培育技术研究。结果表明,亲蟹培育平均成活率和抱卵率分别为94.05%和85.61%。在水温28.5～29.6℃的条件下,从第1期溞状幼体发育变态至仔蟹期约需10～14 d,投放溞状幼体625.29万只,培育出大眼幼体100.12万只,成活率为16.01%,培育成仔蟹苗20.25万只,育苗成活率为3.24%。经过中间培育获得1.0 cm的蟹苗10.46万只,成活率达51.65%。     

青蛤生产性育苗及中间培育技术研究

为解决青蛤养殖生产所需苗种,在借鉴泥蚶生产性育苗技术基础上,重点突破了青蛤亲贝强化培育与人工催产技术,幼虫饵料单胞藻培育技术,青蛤苗种中间培育与清涂除害技术,系统掌握生产性育苗及中间培育技术,实现了青蛤苗种的规模化生产。2003～2005年累计培育平均壳高2mm的稚贝74．574亿粒,经中间培育后出池商品仔贝49．842亿粒,中间培育成活率达到66．84%。生产性育苗净利润163．82万元,中间培育总利润776万元,平均每平方千米获利15 089元。     

锯缘青蟹人工苗中间培育试验报告

１９９９～２０００年进行了锯缘青蟹人工苗中间培育的试验研究，２年间共投入中间培育的大眼幼体８６４．２万只，培育出稚蟹（Ｃ３～Ｃ７）５７５万只，成活率达到６６．５４％。探讨了大眼幼体的放养时间、放养及中间培育与环境因子的关系。     

锯缘青蟹人工苗的中间培育

锯缘青蟹因其肉味鲜美独特，营养丰富，食用药用价值高，深受人们喜爱。青蟹易于养殖，具见效快和市场容量大等优势，已成为我省和长江以南沿海海水养殖的主要品种之一。但养殖苗种深受自然苗种丰歉制约，因此人工解决青蟹苗种是大面积发展青蟹养殖的根本途径。　　本项目研究的目的就是探索青蟹人工苗的中间培育技术，为解决青蟹生产性育苗提供可靠的实践依据。笔者于 1999～ 2000年在温岭市龙王水产开发公司和温岭市海天水产开发有限公司，进行了青蟹人工苗中间培育的研究，两年间共投入中间培育的大眼幼体 864.2万只，培育出稚蟹 (C3～ …     

泥蚶工厂化人工育苗技术

本文作者于９４－９６连续三年在四家育苗厂进行了泥蚶人工育苗小试，生产性推广试验，结果获得育苗量１２亿粒，总产值７２９万元，利税６３６万元的好成绩，在此基础上亲蚶培养，精卵排放，采卵孵化，幼虫培养，变态附着，中间培育等技术了探讨。     

三疣梭子蟹人工育苗技术研究

利用２００只海捕亲蟹，在１０００ｍ＾３育苗水体中，采取充气，吸污，换水，倒池，分池，防治病害等措施，进行蚤状幼体，大眼幼体和稚蟹培育，共育出壳宽０．５～２ｃｍ的稚蟹３１５万只，平均１ｍ＾３水体出苗３１５０只，实现产值１５７万元，利润１０１万元，专家鉴定认为，单位水体育苗量和育苗总量均国居内先进水平。     

棕点石斑鱼池塘人工育苗试验

利用对虾养殖高位池进行棕点石斑鱼(Epinephelus fuscoguttatus)仔、稚鱼和鱼苗中间培育试验。共进行5批育苗试验,其中每批购受精卵量均为1 kg,平均孵化率为91.5%,5批共孵出仔鱼593.5万尾。共培育出体长2～3 cm的鱼苗82.3万尾,仔鱼平均育苗成活率为13.9%。5批鱼苗进行池塘网箱培育试验,共培育出体长8～10 cm的大规格鱼种70.9万尾,中间培育平均成活率为85.4%。     

锯缘青蟹工厂化规模育苗技术的研究

1998年投入育苗用抱卵蟹44只,孵化蚤状幼体(Z_1)6250万只,育成大眼幼体409.76万只,平均成活率达到6.56％,平均单位水体出苗量达到6180只。稚蟹培育,投入大眼幼体409.76万只,培育出稚蟹(C_2～C_6)244.46万只,平均规格为个体甲壳宽1.17cm、体重0.22g,平均成活率达到56.60％,单位面积出苗量为441.26只/m~2,取得较好的经济效益。     

规模养鲍效益高

规模养鲍效益高山东省荣成市青鱼滩渔业公司是个村办企业，在当地率先发展鲍鱼养殖，至今已形成：“育苗──中间培育──养成”相配套的大规模养鲍体系，现有育苗木体６０００平方米，年产鲍苗１２００万头，海底播养面积１５０亩，总存养量１０００万头。如今该公司已度...     

虾夷扇贝控温育苗高产技术研究

１９９８年进行了虾夷扇贝控温育苗高产试验。亲贝室内人工暂养促熟,１６℃产卵孵化,１６．５℃幼虫培育,投喂金藻３０１１,８７０１和扁藻,１４天投放附着基,稚贝培育１８天,中间保苗７０天,出苗量达到４２．１９万粒／ｍ＾３。     

Analysis of culture production and growth rate patterns of mussel (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Mytilus galloprovincialis</Emphasis> Lmk.) cultured in the open ocean of the SE Bay of Biscay for the commercial product development

Mytilus galloprovincialis Lmk. mussels were cultured at two culture depths in a submerged longline system, located in the SE Bay of Biscay, from June 2013 to August 2014. The Von Bertalanffy Seasonal Growth Function (VBSGF) of the original seeded batch, without newly settled seed, at each culture depth was assessed. Mussels maintained their reached size during the slow growing months and size increased thereafter. In addition, to test both culture depth scenarios for resource management, the production of commercial pieces (“small” and “large” mussels) in quantity (mussel classification) was assessed. VBSGF output proved that commercial mussels may well be harvested throughout the year in the studied site. The culture period required to produce mussels of a commercial size was 1 to 1.5 years, depending on seeding date.     

A review of seed production and stock enhancement for commercially important portunid crabs in Japan

We reviewed the present status of seed production for stock enhancement and evaluated the impact of stocking on commercial catches in Japan, of portunid crabs particularly Portunus trituberculatus and Scylla paramamosain. The mean survival rate from hatching to first-stage crabs was around 10%, and 20–30% of the larval culture trials conducted in recent years could not harvest juveniles during seed production. To achieve reliable mass seed production technologies, measures for controlling disease and the nutritional condition of larvae in seed production tanks are required to be developed. The main spawning season extends from April/May to July. Reflecting their life cycle characteristics such as high growth rates, crabs recruit to the fishery after September and largely contribute to the commercial landings until December in the hatching year. The main release season of juveniles is from June to July. Consequently, released juveniles are expected to contribute to commercial landings in the release year. Analyses of catch and release statistics in two small bays estimated the yield from released individuals (YPR, yield per release) at 2.4 g for P. trituberculatus and 3.3–7.7 g for S. paramamosain, which were similar to values reported from tagging surveys. On a major regional basis, catch and release histories of P. trituberculatus highlighted the impact of hatchery releases on commercial landings as 33.6 g YPR in the Seto Inland Sea, where catches and releases have been greatest. Although the YPR estimates were different between small bays and major regional seas, Japanese stock enhancement programmes should have had an impact on portunid crab production, dependent on the magnitude of the releases.     

Comparison of Three Culture Methods for the Intensive Culture of Northern Quahog Seed, Mercenaria mercenaria

A number of approaches have been utilized for growing bivalve hatchery seed (1 mm) to a size suitable for field planting (< 8 mm) but few have been directly compared. This study evaluated the growth and survival of northern quahog seed in three different culture systems and two different stocking densities. The three systems were: 1) a stacked-tray unit with downward water flow; 2) traditional upweller culture units with water flowing upward without seed bed expansion; and 3) upweller culture units with water flowing upward at fluidization velocities to provide seed bed expansion. The two stocking densities were 1.0 and 3.0 g whole wet weight clam/cm² respectively. During each trial period the seed clams were fed a 1% daily ration (% dry weight algae per wet weight clam per day) of the cultured diatom Chaetoceros muelleri . After 14 d of culture at the 1.0 g whole wet weight/cm² stocking density, seed clams (4.4 ± 0.6 mm initial shell length) under fluidized-flow condition exhibited better growth (0.54/d), and a greater final shell length (5.9 ± 1.0 mm). At the high density stocking conditions, after 28 d of culture, seed clams (4.2 ± 0.6 mm initial shell length) in the fluidized-flow culture conditions again exhibited better growth rate (0.031/d) and a greater final shell length (6.0 ± 1.0 mm). The preliminary evaluation of fluidized-flow for seed clam culture in land-based nurseries indicates its potential as a suitable alternative to raceway, downwelling, or traditional forced-flow culture methods.     

国内外海参自然资源、养殖状况及存在问题

海参含有丰富的蛋白质和黏多糖,营养和药用价值极高。自20世纪80年代以来,海参的几种重要商业品种的苗种培育在日本、中国和印度等国家相继获得成功。近年来,海参消费需求的逐步扩大导致世界范围内海参自然资源的过度开发和种群数量的急剧下降,海参的人工养殖随之兴起。目前,国内海参养殖规模不断扩大,养殖方式多种多样。然而养殖的过速发展和不规范运作也造成了如生态环境恶化、病害等诸多问题。本文综述了国内外海参的自然资源、种群分布,以及目前海参主要养殖品种的苗种培育和增养殖技术要点,就海参养殖中存在的主要问题进行了探讨并提出了相应的对策。     

锯缘青蟹苗种培育的科技进展

锯缘青蟹是我国南方沿海各省传统养殖的海水蟹类,在当前农业产业结构调整中被列为主要发展品种之一。鉴于苗种是限制青蟹养殖业发展的主要因素,本文根据目前的研究现状对青蟹的种质、性成熟机制,产卵、孵化条件,幼体培育过程中营养条件、盐度、温度、光照、疾病等,以及从大眼幼体到仔蟹的中间培育技术等作了简要归纳,并对研究现状和进入产业化急需解决的问题进行了探讨。     

Experimental seed production in Etroplus suratensis by induced pair formation and breeding through environmental manipulation

The cichlid Etroplus suratensis is a candidate for commercial aquaculture. At present juveniles are collected from the wild for stocking culture ponds. Popularization of commercial culture of this species will be encouraged by the development of a method for seed production under controlled conditions. This study was done to determine if pair formation and breeding by Etroplus suratensis could be induced by manipulating the availability of surfaces for egg attachment (spawning surfaces). Experiments conducted in brackishwater culture ponds showed that pair formation occurs independently of the availability of spawning surfaces. Nevertheless, breeding occurs only if spawning surfaces are available.     

Optimizing the Concentration of Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) for Inducing Larval Metamorphosis in the Red Abalone Haliotis rufescens (Mollusca: Gastropoda)

Abstract— The induction of larval metamorphosis is a critical step in abalone Haliotis spp . culture. Recently, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) has been used as an inducer by an increasing number of commercial hatcheries, because of its higher efficiency over other settlement methods. The conventional GABA concentration used is 1.0 micromolar as suggested by controlled laboratory experiments. However, poor results are occasionally reported in hatcheries, probably because the bacterial load in commercial systems degrade the inducer to levels below the required threshold. To cope with this problem, GABA concentration might be increased within safe limits to compensate for potential bacterial degradation, but information to adequately support this alternative is missing. This contribution describes two experiments on this issue with red abalone. H. rufescens larvae which suggest that GABA concentration could be increased at least 100% without causing the detrimental effects on metamorphosis induction or postlarval fitness reported for higher toxic levels. The impact of this result on abalone seed production is discussed.     

中国大菱鲆养殖20年成就和展望——庆祝大菱鲆引进中国20周年

大菱鲆Scophthalmus maximus具有生长速度快和低温耐受力强等特点,是世界上养成范围最广、产量最大的鲆鲽类养殖良种。自1992年引进至今,大菱鲆养殖已经发展成为年产量超过6万t的海水养殖支柱产业。作者综述过去20年里,我国大菱鲆在产业发展、苗种生产、良种选育、养殖模式、营养与饲料、疾病防控、加工与质量控制、养殖经济以及市场开拓等方面所取得的系列成果,并就发展前景进行了展望,旨在为我国大菱鲆和鲆鲽类养殖的可持续发展提供参考。     

南美白对虾育苗及淡化试验

南美白对虾为世界养殖产量最高的三大优良虾种之一,具有繁殖季节长,营养要求低,适应性强等特点。为开发南美白对虾的淡水池塘养殖,进行了南美白对虾的育苗及虾菌淡化试验。本试验在12．6m^3水体中投入120万尾南美白对虾无节幼体(N3)撞育至仔虾P5,经逐步淡化至P13,获淡化虾菌39．39万尾。单位水体产量3．13万尾,m^3,最高产量为4．28万尾/m^3,由N3至淡化虾菌P13成活率为32．8％,经14h运输,成活率为98．5％。     

Culture possibilities of the razor clam Ensis arcuatus (Pharidae: Bivalvia)

This study investigated razor clam Ensis arcuatus culture from larval rearing to commercial size to assess it's aquaculture potential. Broodstock was spawned several times in hatchery facilities to demonstrate that larval availability is not a constraint for hatchery production. Larval culture lasted 20 days, showing an average survival of 14.35%. The razor clam seed reached a size of 28.5 mm at 4 months. Seed culture is feasible; however, it is constrained by the fact that razor clams need to be buried. Higher survival was observed when culturing razor clam seed with a substrate (82–83%), irrespective of the substrate grain size, while containers held without a substrate showed a significantly lower survival (56.5%). We showed that it is possible to rear E. arcuatus juveniles in bottles, with survival as high as 94–95% being achieved. The length increase of the hatchery‐produced E. arcuatus over 600 days was described by the equation Ln L=4.5+(?141.17/t), where L is length in mm and t is time in days. On‐growing showed adequate survival rates and it took 2–3 years to reach commercial size.