Molecular cloning and analysis of the partial sequence ofRhinopithecus roxellanae growth hormone gene

Growth hormone gene (GH) ofRhinopithecus roxellanae was amplified by PCR based on the sequences of the reported mammalian growth hormone gene for the first time. The amplified fragment was about 1.8 kb. It was cloned and its upper stream was sequenced. This sequencing region consists of a 5′flanking regulatory region, exon I and part of exon II, intron I of growth hormone gene. Comparing the corresponding sequences of growth hormone gene betweenRhinopithecus roxellanae and the porcine, we concluded that the homology reached 81% in the region, and there was high conservation in the 5′flanking sequence. The kinds of amino acids of exon I and exon II for about 90% were the same to those in pig. Many mutations occurred in the degenerate site of the triplet code. In the nucleotides of intron I, there were only 72% homologies with those in pig. It means that introns and 3′flanking sequence maybe play an important part in growth hormone gene regulation of the different animals. The project is supported by National Nature Science Foundation of china (No. 39970103). Xu Laixiang, male, born in March 1960, professor, Department of Biology, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, P.R. China. Responsible editor: Zhu Hong     

川金丝猴生态生物学研究进展

川金丝猴（Rhinopithecus roxellanae）是我国特有物种,主要分布在陕西、四川、湖北的一些地区。本文依据近年来川金丝猴有关文献,对川金丝猴的习性、食性、社群结构、种群现状做了综述并提出了相应保护对策。     

马尾松肉桂酰辅酶A还原酶基因(CCR)克隆及分析

对马尾松肉桂酰辅酶A还原酶基因(CCR)进行扩增、克隆和测序(GenBank登录号:EU753854).应用MEGA4.0.2软件对不同树种CCR基因的核苷酸和氨基酸序列进行比对,结果表明:马尾松CCR基因的外显子和内含子数目与火炬松、杨树、银合欢、光皮桦、冈尼桉、柳桉、蓝桉的外显子和内含子数目相同,都有5个外显子和4个内含子.马尾松CCR基因编码区975 bp,编码324个氨基酸.马尾松外显子Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ,Ⅴ分别为133,155,186,353,148 bp,而内含子Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ分别为1 450,216,737,941 bp.马尾松CCR外显子和内含子连接处序列除内含子Ⅱ/外显子Ⅲ出现CTPuCG/外显子Ⅲ,其余遵循外显子/GTPuAG/外显子组成规律.马尾松外显子Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ核苷酸数目与桉属、杨属、桦木属和松属树种相同,但外显子Ⅰ和外显子Ⅴ不尽相同.比对的树种间在该基因编码区核苷酸序列和氨基酸序列上相对保守,也存在一定差异.马尾松与火炬松、光皮桦、银合欢、杨树、冈尼桉、柳桉、蓝桉各物种间编码区核苷酸序列相似性大小分别为99.2%,67.8%,68.0%,68.9%,69.5%,69.3%,69.9%,而相应的氨基酸序列间相似性大小分别为99.1%,73.5%,72.5%,74.4%,75.0%,74.4%,75.0%.马尾松与其他13个树种CCR序列构建的系统进化树表明:3个针叶树种形成1个独立分支,而且最早进化.     

兰坪云岭自然保护区滇金丝猴考察

为查清兰坪云岭自然保护区滇金猴的种群数量及生境状况,兰坪县林业局与大自然保护协会于2004年10月至2005年10月,通过与当地群众座谈、访问等收集相关信息及实地观察等方法初步查清了三个猴群的种群数量、生境情况、活动规律、生存现状。分析了保护区存在的问题,提出了今后的保护措施。     

美洲黑杨PdZFR基因的克隆和分析

根据美洲黑杨PdZFR部分cDNA序列,采用拟基因组文库步行法和RACE克隆了该基因全长cDNA及基因组DNA, 并对该基因的启动子、转录起始位点、内含子分布、剪切方式、编码的氨基酸序列和该基因在染色体上的分布位置进行了分析。组织或器官特异表达分析表明:该基因与植物发育相关。     

巨桉林下马勃分子系统发育的关系

采集巨桉林下马勃子实体,培养其菌丝体,提取子实体及菌丝体基因组DNA,进行rDNA-ITS区序列的扩增、克隆和序列测定,并对rDNA-ITS不同区域作序列分析,首次构建马勃的系统发育树.结果表明:野外采集获得马勃子实体l0种,其中成功培养6种,测序结果表明马勃rDNA-ITS区长度在607～766 bp之间,系统发育分析表明硬皮马勃属(Scleroderma)与豆包菌(Pisolithus)亲缘关系较近,秃马勃属(Calvatia)、马勃属(Lycoperdon)及横膜马勃属(Vascellum)之间亲缘关系较近,ITSl-5.8S rDNA-ITS2区可建立马勃类真菌属间系统发育树,ITS2区可用于建立马勃类真菌属内系统发育树,3个待定种硬皮马勃Scleroderma sp.11-1,Scleroderma sp.2-2和Scleroderma sp.5-2为金黄硬皮马勃(S.aurantium)的可能性较大.此研究可为探讨巨桉人工林下外生菌根种类与作用机制、马勃分类系统学及菌丝体的开发研究奠定基础.     

Cloning and Sequence Analysis of a Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Gene PsG6PDH from Freezing-tolerant Populus suaveolens

A 1 207 bp cDNA fragment (PsG6PDH) was amplified by RT-PCR from cold-induced total RNA of the freez- ing-tolerant P. Suaveolens, using primers based on the highly conserved region of published plant glucose-6-phosphate dehydro- genase (G6PDH) genes. The sequence analysis showed that PsG6PDH coding region had 1 101 bp and encoded 367 predicted amino acid residues. Moreover, the nucleotide sequence of PsG6PDH showed 83%, 82%, 79%, 79% and 78% identity, and the derived amino acid sequence shared 44.2%, 44.7%, 42.0%, 40.5% and 43.9% identity with those of the Solanum tuberosum, Nicotiana ta- bacum, Triticum aestivum, Oryza sativa and Arabidopsis thaliana, respectively. The results show that PsG6PDH is a new member of G6PDH gene family and belongs to the cytosolic G6PDH gene. This is the first report on cloning of the G6PDH gene from woody plants.     

7个砂梨品种S基因型的确定及1个新S-RNase基因的分离鉴定

砂梨是重要的经济树种,表现出典型的配子体自交不亲和性,在生产和育种上需鉴定品种的S基因犁以确定品种间的亲和性.选取7个砂梨品种为试验材料,使用梨S-RNase(S基因)通用引物进行基因组PCR扩增,产物通过1.8%的琼脂糖凝胶电泳分析.结果表明:‘楚比香'等4个品种中产生了预期的2条电泳条带,而其他3个品种都只产生1条带产物,通过6%的聚丙烯酰胺电泳对该3个品种的PCR产物进一步分析,结果产物被成功分离.将7个品种中分离到的14个条带分别回收、克隆、测序及序列分析,从中鉴别出10个具有梨S-RNase基因序列特征的S基因,其中‘政和大雪梨'中494 bp的基因片段被鉴定为新的S基因,暂命名为S43-RNase(GenBank接受号EF566873).RT-PCR试验证明S43-RNase仅在化柱中特异表达,符合S-RNase的表达特征.通过比对S43-RNase的基因组序列和cDNA序列,确定其内含子大小为294 bp.在推导氨基酸水平上,S43-RNase与苹果亚科其他S-RNase表现出65%～92%的相似性.     

东北地区丁香属植物叶绿体trnL-trnF间区序列分析

扩增并分析了东北地区丁香属11种植物及外类群的trnL-trnF基因间隔区序列,其长度变异范围为362～374 bp,排序后的长度为382 bp,其中35个变异位点,所占比例为9.16%,序列的G+C平均含量为37.2%,说明trnL-trnF序列的A+T含量较高。     

松属线粒体基因序列变异研究

本研究利用ＰＣＲ和ＰＣＲ产物直接序列分析技术,获得了分属于松属（Ｐｉｎｕｓ）两个亚属Ｐｉｎｕｓ和Ｓｔｒｏｂｕｓ１２个松树种ｃｏｘＩ、ａｔｐ６和ｏｒｆ２５三个线粒体基因ＤＮＡ片段的序列。发现ｃｏｘＩ基因的ＤＮＡ序列在属内没有任何变异,但ａｔｐ６和ｏｒｆ２５在两个亚属间和亚属内出现了较多的碱基置换。这说明尽管裸子植物线粒体基因有较多的ＲＮＡ编辑（ＲＮＡｅｄｉｔｉｎｇ）存在,可促进ＤＮＡ序列的变异,但促进程度因不同基因而异。依据ａｔｐ６和ｏｒｆ２５所做的系统进化树不仅与分类结果一致,而且进一步表明了亚属内种间的亲缘关系。尽管线粒体基因序列变异比叶绿体和核ＤＮＡ变异小,线粒体基因编码序列变异仍适于研究裸子植物亚属甚至组间的系统进化关系。     

Cloning and sequence analysis of a glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase gene <Emphasis Type="Italic">PsG6PDH</Emphasis> from freezing-tolerant <Emphasis Type="Italic">Populus suaveolens</Emphasis>

A 1207 bp cDNA fragment (PsG6PDH) was amplified by RT-PCR from cold-induced total RNA of the freezing-tolerant P. Suaveolens, using primers based on the highly conserved region of published plant glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) genes. The sequence analysis showed that PsG6PDH coding region had 1 101 bp and encoded 367 predicted amino acid residues. Moreover, the nucleotide sequence of PsG6PDH showed 83%, 82%, 79%, 79% and 78% identity, and the derived amino acid sequence shared 44.2%, 44.7%, 42.0%, 40.5% and 43.9% identity with those of the Solanum tuberosum, Nicotiana tabacum, Triticum aestivum, Oryza sativa and Arabidopsis thaliana, respectively. The results show that PsG6PDH is a new member of G6PDH gene family and belongs to the cytosolic G6PDH gene. This is the first report on cloning of the G6PDH gene from woody plants.     

11条白桦BpSPL家族基因的生物信息学和表达分析

[目的]研究白桦中SPL转录因子的基因序列特征及其在不同时期不同组织中的表达规律。[方法]依据白桦45个转录组测序结果,共获得12条全长SPL基因,依次命名为白桦BpSPL1-BpSPL12,对其中11条BpSPL进行了生物信息学及基因表达特征分析。[结果]生物信息学分析发现,11条BpSPL均含有1个高度保守的SBP结构域,且基因长度差异较大,含有2 10个不等数目的外显子,系统进化分析发现11条白桦SPL分属于六大类SPL蛋白;qRT-PCR分析结果显示,白桦BpSPL基因在不同时期的叶、顶芽、茎、雄花序中表达变化显著,多数SPL基因在顶芽中7月5日和8月20日至9月20日时期表达较高,除BpSPL1基因外在雄花序从6月份到9月份的生长阶段中,SPL的表达水平呈现逐渐升高的总体趋势。[结论]BpSPL基因可能参与到了白桦顶芽和雄花序的生长发育过程。     

滇金丝猴栖息地竹类资源及群落学特征

对滇金丝猴栖息地60条样线和15个调查点的实地调查表明,箭竹是林下植被的主要组成部分,所处的主要群落有云南铁杉-卵叶杜鹃林,长苞冷杉-亮叶杜鹃林,白柯-假乳黄杜鹃林,西南桦-五裂枫林,黄背栎林,华山松-麻栎林等。栖息地内的多数箭竹是滇金丝猴夏季的主要食物种类之一,箭竹属植物资源对保护金丝猴具有重要意义。     

神农架川金丝猴的个体识别

本研究以神农架川金丝猴大龙潭野外人工补食种群为对象,在对30只川金丝猴身体数据多年来的观察和测量基础上,从基础识别(雌雄识别、年龄识别、母子识别和友好关系识别)以及个体识别两个方面提供一种川金丝猴的个体识别方法,对群体的个体进行了命名及区分识别,为其他研究提供基础技术支持或参考,有效解决川金丝猴研究初期个体识别困难的问题。     

雷竹OsFCA同源基因的克隆与序列分析

分别以雷竹嫩叶的基因组DNA和幼穗的cDNA为模板,采用PCR方法扩增出长为490bp及262bp的片段。序列分析结果表明,该基因序列包含1个长为228bp的内含子。其编码区共编Ns86个氨基酸。其氨基酸序列与水稻中OsFCA、小麦中TaFCA的一致性分别为79．8％与69．9％,表明雷伢中可能存在调控开花的自主调控途径。     

DNA sequence variation and development of SNP markers in beech (Fagus sylvatica L.)

European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) is one of the most important deciduous tree species in Central Europe. The potential of beech to adapt to climate change, higher temperatures, and less precipitation in the summer months is still unknown. Most studies in beech used microsatellite, AFLP (amplified fragment length polymorphism), or isozyme markers, which have only a restricted potential to analyze adaptation. Only few studies investigated genes probably involved in the adaptation to drought stress and bud phenology in beech. In this study, SNP (single nucleotide polymorphisms) markers were developed in order to analyze adaptation and their technical advantages compared to microsatellites and AFLPs were discussed. Partial sequences of ten candidate genes probably involved in drought stress and/or bud phenology were identified at the genomic level, and SNPs and indels (insertions/deletions) in coding and non-coding regions were analyzed. Plant material was sampled along a precipitation gradient in Germany. In total, 8,145?bp were sequenced and analyzed, 4,038?bp were located in exon and 4,107?bp in intron regions. 63 SNPs and 11 indels were detected, which are differently distributed over the studied gene regions. The nucleotide diversity ranged from 0 to 6.62 (π?×?10^?3) and is comparable to other tree species, whereas the mean nucleotide diversity (2.64) for F. sylvatica is comparatively low. These results will help to investigate the genetic basis of drought stress and bud burst and to conduct association mapping in natural populations. Furthermore, the detected SNPs can also be used for population genetic studies.     

版纳龙竹CONSTANS同源基因的克隆与序列分析

以版纳龙竹基因组DNA为模板,采用前人基于水稻CO同源基因Hd1序列的保守区所设计的特异引物COS1和COA1,运用PCR方法扩增出一条1 520 bp的DNA片段,并克隆到pGEM-T载体。测序和序列分析结果显示:该片段含有1个590 bp的内含子,编码区930 bp共编码310个氨基酸;该基因被命名为DxCO1,其DNA序列在G enB ank中的注册号为GQ358925。在G enB ank中进行同源性检索的结果显示:其核苷酸序列与其它禾本科植物CO同源基因的氨基酸序列同源性高达81%~91%;推测的DxCO1蛋白质序列与其它种子植物CO同源基因蛋白质序列的系统发育分析结果显示:DxCO1与小麦Hd1-like等5个基因聚成了一个强烈支持的分支;另外,在该片段推测的蛋白质序列的氨基端含有一个类似锌指蛋白的B-box(Cx2Cx8Cx7Cx2Cx4Hx8H)结构域,羧基端含有一个CCT(CO,CO-like,TOC1)结构域。序列和结构的高度同源性表明:DxCO1是版纳龙竹的1个CO-like基因,可能对其开花调控有着重要作用。