水稻不同品种耐盐限度研究初报

了解水稻不同品种的耐盐限度,对于盐渍土区稻作生产的持续、稳定发展有着重要意义。试验表明,土壤全盐5.94g/kg时,盐粳68、花粳8、辽粳294和盐粳34的发芽率均不低于90%。花粳15分蘖期最高耐盐为14g/kg,盐粳68拔节孕穗期最高耐盐为17g/kg,盐丰47-6成熟期最高耐盐为12g/kg。12个供试水稻品种,其中盐粳68、花粳8、辽粳9和92-71耐盐能力强;花粳15、抗盐100、盐丰47-6、辽粳294、盐粳34和盐粳31耐盐能力次之。     

水稻不同品种耐盐限度研究初报

了解水稻不同品种的耐盐限度，对于盐渍土区稻作生产的持续、稳定发展有着重要意义。试验表明，土壤全盐5．94g／kg时，盐粳68、花粳8、辽粳294和盐粳34的发芽率均不低于90％。花粳15分蘖期最高耐盐为14g／kg，盐粳68拔节孕穗期最高耐盐为17g/k，盐丰47—6成熟期最高耐盐为12g／kg。12个供试水稻品种，其中盐粳68、花粳8、辽粳9和92—71耐盐能力强；花粳15、抗盐100、盐丰47—6、辽粳294、盐粳34和盐粳31耐盐能力次之。     

辽宁省水稻品种苗期耐盐能力评价

对辽宁省29个水稻品种苗期150mmol/L NaCl水溶液处理条件下苗高、根长、根数、单株苗干重等指标进行分析,并对品种进行聚类.结果表明,盐丰47-8、辽盐282、辽粳371、辽盐12、桥201-2、辽盐241苗期耐盐能力较强,盐粳98、辽开79-3、沈农9418、铁粳4号、辽2096、沈农9741、盐粳34、铁粳...     

辽宁省水稻新品种对比试验

通过对辽盐166、辽盐188、盐粳34、沈9741、沈925、东亚7号等品种田间对比试验，结果表明，辽盐166、沈9741、沈925产量最好，辽粳294-A3分蘖力强、米质特优、抗病力好、发展前景好。     

辽宁省水稻新品种对比试验

通过对辽盐166、辽盐188、盐粳34、沈9741、沈925、东亚7号等品种田间对比试验,结果表明,辽盐166、沈9741、沈925产量最好,辽粳294-A3分蘖力强、米质特优、抗病力好、发展前景好。     

水稻品种产量对比试验总结

为实现北宁地区水稻生产良种化,对当地目前栽培面积较大的辽优7等10个品种(系)进行常规品比试验。结果表明:辽优7和辽粳294-4产量最高,分别达9217.5kg/hm2和8527.5kg/hm2,极显著和显著地超过对照品种辽盐282。这两个品种可在北宁地区推广。     

水稻优质高产品种综合配套栽培技术

凌海市当前需要引进抗旱、耐盐碱的高产优质水稻品种,适合当地种植的主要水稻品种有盐丰47、盐粳68、沈农988、沈农265,以及杂交稻屉优418、沈农1518等。从无纺布平铺纯旱育秧、适度稀植、晚育晚插、科学施肥、节水灌溉、病虫草害综合防治等方面阐述了综合配套栽培技术。     

水稻新品种盐粳188形态特征及生理基础研究

以北方粳稻品种金珠1号、辽粳9号为对照,研究了高产优质水稻新品种盐粳188的形态特征和生理基础。结果表明:盐粳188有效穗数比辽粳9号多14.5%,穗粒数比金珠1号多28.7%,总库容量比金珠1号、辽粳9号高25.88%和23.08%;茎基部茎鞘干物质量比金珠1号、辽粳9号重5.06%和13.49%,叶面积比金珠1号、辽粳9号高37.91%和41.39%,消光系数比金珠1号、辽粳9号低42.22%和60%;叶绿素下降幅度比金珠1号、辽粳9号小5.09%和4.82%,并且后期根系伤流强度下降较慢。单位面积总干物质量齐穗期盐粳188比金珠1号、辽粳9号高14.15%和15.08%,成熟期高13.82%和17.7%,增加量高17.89%和2.78%;齐穗至成熟期CGR比金珠1号、辽粳9号高19.82%和2.71%。盐粳188库大源足、株型较好,生育后期功能叶叶绿素含量较高、根系活力旺盛,干物质积累与生产能力较强,具有高产品种应有的形态特征和生理基础,并有较大的增产潜力。     

水稻分蘖成穗率的遗传变异研究

以水稻弯穗型辽盐2号等3个品种为母本,直立穗型辽粳326等4个品种为父本,研究了水稻分蘖成穗率的配合力和遗传力。结果表明,辽粳326一般配合力相对效应值最高为9．0,辽盐282次之为5．0,特殊配合力以辽盐282／辽粳294最高为58;分蘖成穗率的广义遗传力为825％,狭义遗传力为65．3％。     

1999年度全国审定通过的水稻新品种

日前,农业部公告(第107号),全国有24个水稻新品种通过第三届全国农作物品种审定委员会第三次会议审定.这些品种是:优Ⅰ66、中农稻1号(原名中作9128)、辽盐9号、辽盐糯10号、垦育12号(原名WD06)、超产1号、辽粳294、优优128、Ⅱ优128、镇稻6号(原名镇稻532)、K优17、K优5号、K优404、山溪占11、优优389(原名优Ⅰ389)、Ⅱ优838、鄂糯7号、特籼占13、Ⅱ优92(原名Ⅱ优20964)、威优402、连粳2号(原名连8671)、宝农12(原名92-12)、特优18、新优赣22号(原名新优752). (本刊)     

不同玉米品种根冠特性对化控剂处理种子的响应

以化控剂"玉黄金"为种子处理剂,选用良玉188等6个玉米品种为材料,分析种子处理对玉米根冠关系及株型性状的影响。结果表明,不同玉米品种对化控剂种子处理的响应不同,化控剂种子处理有增加中胚轴长度的趋势,良玉188对化控剂种子处理最敏感;其次是禾玉3和迪卡516,其他3个品种未表现出差异。化控剂种子处理表现出较一致的增大根冠比效应。玉米株高和叶面积在不同生育期对化控剂种子处理的反应逐渐减弱,苗期和拔节期迪卡516和良玉188对化控剂处理的反应最敏感,降低株高的效应最强烈。化控剂种子处理对玉米下部节间长度的影响不显著,对穗位高度和穗位系数的影响有降低的趋势。     

盐胁迫对燕麦种子萌发、幼苗生长及叶片质膜透性的影响

为给燕麦抗盐育种和栽培提供理论依据,用不同梯度的NaCl和Na2SO4复盐溶液胁迫处理7个燕麦品种,研究了盐胁迫对燕麦种子萌发、幼苗生长和叶片质膜透性的影响.结果表明,盐胁迫对燕麦种子萌发和幼苗的生长有抑制效应,而且随着盐浓度的增加,相对发芽率、发芽指教、简易活力指教、幼苗根长和株高逐渐降低,叶片质膜透性逐渐增加.主成分分析表明,相对发芽率、发芽指数、简易活力指数是主要的耐盐性鉴定指标.在7个燕麦品种中,白燕2号和苏维埃339耐盐性强.大燕麦和内农大莜1号中度耐盐,而Sibsiae、加2和原294耐盐性较差,属不耐盐类型.     

Antioxidant Defense Mechanisms of Salinity Tolerance in Rice Genotypes

In order to elucidate the role of antioxidant responses in salinity tolerance in rice genotypes under salt stress, experiments were conducted using four rice varieties, including salt-sensitive BRRI dhan 28 and three salt-tolerant varieties BRRI dhan 47, BINA dhan 8 and BINA dhan 10. Thirty-day-old rice seedlings were transplanted into pots. At the active tillering stage(35 d after transplanting), plants were exposed to different salinity levels(0, 20, 40 and 60 mmol/L NaCl). Salt stress caused a significant reduction in growth for all the rice genotypes. Growth reduction was higher in the salt-sensitive genotype than in the salt-tolerant ones, and BINA dhan 10 showed higher salt tolerance in all measured physiological parameters. The reduction in shoot and root biomass was found to be minimal in BINA dhan 10. Chlorophyll content significantly decreased under salt stress except for BINA dhan 10. Proline content significantly increased in salt-tolerant rice genotypes with increased salt concentration, and the highest proline content was obtained from BINA dhan 10 under salt stress. Catalase and ascorbate peroxidase activities significantly decreased in salt-sensitive genotype whereas significantly increased in salt-tolerant ones with increasing salt concentration. However, salt stress significantly decreased guaiacol peroxidase activity in all the rice genotypes irrespective of salt tolerance. K~+/Na~+ ratio also significantly decreased in shoots and roots of all the rice genotypes. The salt-tolerant genotype BINA dhan 10 maintained higher levels of chlorophyll and proline contents as well as catalase and ascorbate peroxidase activities under salt stress, thus, this might be the underlying mechanism for salt tolerance.     

Effect of seed piece removal on yield and agronomic characteristics of Russet Burbank potatoes

There is inadequate information available to ascertain the length of time seed pieces contribute to the yield and agronomic characteristics of potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) under field conditions. Previous studies have not accounted for root system disturbance during seed piece removal. In 1994, 1995, and 1997 a field study was conducted using Russet Burbank to determine whether seed piece removal at each of three growth stages affects yield and agronomic characteristics. A trowel was used to tunnel into the side of potato hills to remove seed pieces by hand either at emergence, at 20- cm plant height, or at first bloom. Control plots consisted of plants with root systems disturbed on the same date as seed removal (disturbed control) or not treated (non-disturbed control). Seed pieces were analyzed for solids, sucrose, and reducing sugars before planting and after removal at each growth stage in 1997. Removing seed pieces or disturbing roots at all growth stages significantly decreased total and U.S. No. 1 yields compared with non- disturbed control. Total yield from plots disturbed at emergence was 37.8 Mg ha^-1 compared to 22.1 Mg ha^-1 when the seed pieces were removed. Disturbing seed pieces at emergence resulted in U.S. No. 1 yield of 21.2 Mg ha^-1 compared with 10.6 Mg ha^-1 when seed pieces were removed at the same growth stage. For U.S. No. 1 yield, a difference between removing the seed pieces and disturbing the root systems was still evident at the 20-cm plant height growth stage (15.4 Mg ha^-1 vs 20.3 Mg ha^-1, respectively). Disturbing plants at emergence or at 20-cm plant height growth stage reduced the number of tubers per plant to 8.8 for both treatments compared to 9.7 for the non-disturbed control. Removing seed pieces at these same growth stages further reduced tubers per plant to 6.9 and 7.6, respectively. Vines of plants with seed pieces removed at emergence were shorter and remained green later into the season compared with disturbed and non-disturbed control treatments. Percent solids in seed pieces decreased from 20.68 at planting to 5.03 at first bloom. Seed piece percent sucrose remained constant from planting through the 20-cm plant height growth stage and then fell to nearly zero at first bloom. Reducing sugar in the seed pieces atplanting and emergence was 0.67%, rose to 1.08% at the 20-cm plant height growth stage, and then decreased to 0.89% at first bloom.     

大田全生育期盐水灌溉胁迫筛选水稻耐盐恢复系

 2009-2010年在浙江省三门县沿海滩涂采用0.5%盐浓度海水进行全生育期灌溉的方法,以胁迫后植株存活率、单株结实率和单株粒重为指标对明恢86背景的49个回交导入系群体进行全生育期耐盐性评价。结果表明,不同群体的田间耐盐性存在很大差异,粳稻供体导入系群体的田间耐盐性总体好于籼稻供体的导入系群体,而且在同一亚种内不同供体品种的导入系群体的耐盐性差异明显。其中,沈农265、Y134、早籼14和Gayabyeo 为供体的4个导入系群体的耐盐株系的比率较高,分别为10.04%、6.98%、11.83%和7.9%。耐盐重复鉴定表明,大田全生育期耐盐性鉴定结果具有较高的可靠性。在常规栽培条件下对丰产性较好的耐盐恢复系与协青早A测交种进行鉴定,筛选出单株穗数、每穗总粒数和千粒重优势明显,单株产量比生产上对照组合显著增加的杂交组合6个。研究表明,利用大田全生育期盐胁迫筛选耐盐恢复系,不仅可以选育到在常规栽培条件下的高产组合,而且将为高产耐盐杂交新组合的选育创造有利条件。     

小麦种质资源耐盐性鉴定

盐碱胁迫严重影响农作物的生长发育，制约农作物产能的提升。本试验以国内外引进的40份小麦品种（系）和新疆2个主栽品种为材料，在0、300、600、900 mmol·L^-1 NaCl浓度下模拟盐胁迫环境，研究不同浓度NaCl对小麦芽期农艺表现的影响，以期筛选出耐盐小麦品种。结果表明，测定的8项生长指标在42份种质资源之间存在显著差异。通过相关性分析、主成分分析、相对耐盐系数以及综合耐盐系数分析，鉴定出1份极耐盐品种（宁春45），1份耐盐品种（新冬39），2份较耐盐品种（濮兴5号和济麦21），这4份种质材料可用于南疆盐碱地小麦耐盐品种选育。     

光子辐射处理水稻种子增产效应研究

光子辐射仪辐射水稻种子,可促进水稻早生快发、增加有效穗数、穗粒数及实粒数,对千粒重无明显影响,增产率为0.66%～8.22%。光子辐射对水稻的发育进程有一定的抑制作用,不同品种受抑制程度不同,盐丰47受抑制的程度比辽盐92明显。因此,针对不同品种应采取不同的辐射剂量、时间测试,找出最佳效果,最大程度地发挥辐射增产的效果。     

狗牙根耐盐性材料初步筛选

狗牙根(Cynodon dactylon)是暖季型草坪草中得分最高,应用最广泛的草种之一,具有耐盐碱,生长快、建坪迅速等优点。本试验采用荷格伦特营养液培养法,依次用20、26、31 g/L的NaCl营养液对403份狗牙根材料进行耐盐处理30 d,筛选出在26 g/L的NaCl溶液中存活的耐盐种质21份,再对这些耐盐种质进行不同盐质量分数梯度(20、22、25、28和30 g/L)复选,初步筛选出较耐盐种质11份,次耐盐种质10份,这些材料为培育耐盐狗牙根品系提供了优良亲本。