鸡胚原始生殖细胞生物学特性鉴定及相关基因表达研究

采用酶消化法分离鸡胚原始生殖细胞(PGCs),纯化后进行体外培养,传至5～6代时,通过对阶段特异性胚胎抗原-1(SSEA-1)免疫荧光标记、碱性磷酸酶检测等方法联合鉴定其基本生物学特性,同时以RT-PCR方法检测其特异基因的表达。结果表明:体外培养的PGCs维持未分化状态,碱性磷酸酶阳性、免疫荧光检测其特异标志物SSEA-1阳性。鸡胚PGCs表达减数分裂前标志基因Dazl、Nanog和GDF3,生殖细胞分化后期基因CVH,原始生殖细胞标志基因Blimp-1以及干细胞多能性相关基因Oct-4,不表达减数分裂启动基因Stra8。提示所获得的鸡胚PGCs,其生物学特性稳定,表达相关特异基因,为鸡胚PGCs的体外培养及鉴定提供理论依据。     

大豆种子特异性启动子的克隆及功能分析

【目的】从大豆中克隆得到β-伴球蛋白α亚基基因的启动子序列7αP,并对其进行功能分析。【方法】利用PCR技术从大豆基因组DNA中分离β-伴球蛋白α亚基基因启动子序列7αP,将其与GUS基因融合,构建种子特异性表达载体p7αP-GUS,通过根癌农杆菌介导法转化烟草(Nicotiana tabacum)NC89,对再生植株进行PCR、Southern blot检测和GUS组织化学分析。【结果】序列分析表明,7αP长度为1 382 bp,其中含有多种种子特异性启动子的序列元件,如RY重复序列元件、E-box、SEF1-motif、SEF4-motif(、CA)n、Dc3启动子结合因子和ACGT序列元件及一些诱导物应答元件。转基因植株的PCR和Southern blot结果显示,成功地获得了转基因阳性植株;GUS活性检测表明,仅能在种子中检测到GUS活性,而在根、茎和叶等其他组织中均未检测到GUS活性。【结论】大豆β-伴球蛋白α亚基基因上游1 382 bp片段具有种子特异性启动子功能,7αP为种子特异性启动子。     

Investigation and analysis of an ultrasonic sensor for specific yield assessment and greenhouse features identification

The spectrum of an ultrasonic return echo from plants has been shown to contain useful information. The research reported in this paper focused on developing an ultrasonic sensing system and analyzing the ultrasonic classification features that would ultimately be used as the basis for a yield estimation robotic system. An algorithm was also developed for prediction of fruit mass per plant based on the ultrasonic echo return from a plant. The ultrasonic sensor system was tested in lab and pepper greenhouse environments and on single pepper plants, single leaves and fruit. The results showed the potential of ultrasonic sensors for such a robot in classifying plants and greenhouse infrastructures such as walls. It showed the robot’s ability to detect hidden plant rows and fruits as well as making an estimation of the fruit mass in single plants. A multi-linear regression model developed for estimating the energy level was found to be highly significant with R ² of 0.64 and 0.84 for 28–32 and 20–28 kHz ranges respectively. This estimated model was used to derive a prediction method for fruit mass per plant that yielded an R² of 0.34.     

玉米根部特异性启动子的克隆及功能分析

【目的】从玉米幼根基因组DNA中克隆β-葡萄糖苷酶基因根部特异性启动子序列ZmGLU1P,并对其功能进行分析。【方法】利用PCR技术从玉米品种P138幼根基因组DNA中克隆玉米根部特异性启动子片段ZmGLU1P,将其与GUS基因融合,构建植物表达载体pCAMBIA121-ZmGLU1P,转化到EHA105根癌农杆菌中,通过根癌农杆菌介导法转化烟草NC89,对转化烟草植株进行PCR和Southern杂交检测。采集PCR和Southern杂交检测为阳性的转基因烟草的根、茎、叶,进行GUS活性的组织染色检测。【结果】克隆获得了ZmGLU1P片段,其长度为1 846 bp,与已报道的序列同源性达99%以上。转基因烟草植株的PCR和Southern杂交结果显示,成功地获得了转基因阳性植株;GUS活性检测表明,根中GUS活性最强,而在茎和叶等组织中GUS活性甚微,表明ZmGLU1P片段具有根部特异性启动子功能。【结论】玉米β-葡萄糖苷酶基因上游1 846 bp的片段ZmGLU1P具有根部特异性启动子功能,为根部特异性启动子。     

A clonogenic bone marrow progenitor specific for macrophages and dendritic cells

Macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs) are crucial for immune and inflammatory responses and belong to a network of cells that has been termed the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS). However, the origin and lineage of these cells remain poorly understood. Here, we describe the isolation and clonal analysis of a mouse bone marrow progenitor that is specific for monocytes, several macrophage subsets, and resident spleen DCs in vivo. It was also possible to recapitulate this differentiation in vitro by using treatment with the cytokines macrophage colony-stimulating factor and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. Thus, macrophages and DCs appear to renew from a common progenitor, providing a cellular and molecular basis for the concept of the MPS.     

心肌特异性α-actin启动子重组腺病毒的构建及其鉴定

为了探讨心肌肌动蛋白(α-actin)基因启动子的心肌组织特异性及其表达活性,构建了心肌组织靶向性表达的基因载体,应用PCR从pEGFP-N1-α-actin-P质粒中克隆出α-actin启动子片段,将其插入到切除CMV启动子的腺病毒穿梭载体pAdTrack中,构建出pAdTrack-actin重组穿梭载体,经酶切和测序鉴定正确后用PmeI线性化,与含有腺病毒骨架DNA的pAdEasy-1质粒在BJ5183大肠杆菌细胞中同源重组成新的重组体pAd-easy-actin,抽提重组体DNA,经PacI酶切回收后以脂质体法转染人胚肾细胞株HEK293,包装出完整腺病毒pAd-actin进行PCR检测,并应用蚀斑形成试验测定病毒滴度。结果显示,重组腺病毒中含有α-actin启动子片段,病毒滴度为7×107pfu/mL。表明含心肌α-actin启动子的重组腺病毒pAd-actin构建成功。     

Phylogenetic stains: ribosomal RNA-based probes for the identification of single cells

Rapid phylogenetic identification of single microbial cells was achieved with a new staining method. Formaldehyde-fixed, intact cells were hybridized with fluorescently labeled oligodeoxynucleotides complementary to 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and viewed by fluorescence microscopy. Because of the abundance of rRNA in cells, the binding of the fluorescent probes to individual cells is readily visualized. Phylogenetic identification is achieved by the use of oligonucleotides (length 17 to 34 nucleotides) that are complementary to phylogenetic group-specific 16S rRNA sequences. Appropriate probes can be composed of oligonucleotide sequences that distinguish between the primary kingdoms (eukaryotes, eubacteria, archaebacteria) and between closely related organisms. The simultaneous use of multiple probes, labeled with different fluorescent dyes, allows the identification of different cell types in the same microscopic field. Quantitative microfluorimetry shows that the amount of an rRNA-specific probe that binds to Escherichia coli varies with the ribosome content and therefore reflects growth rate.     

Cytochalasin B prevents specific sorting of reaggregating embryonic cells

The effect of cytochalasin B on specific sorting during reaggregation of embryonic chick heart and neural retina cells was studied. At a dose that did not measurably affect uptake of precursors of protein and RNA synthesis, ratios of potassium to sodium ions, and nonspecific aggregation, cytochalasin B disrupted the formation of the characteristic pattern of islands of heart cells within a retinal continuum.     

Automatic identification and measurement of cells by computer

A visual-input computer system was used to automatically locate and perform measurements with high accuracy on single cells from microscopic slides. The nuclear radius, irregularity, area, and density of normal and malignant cells were automatically measured. These studies agreed with hand measurements showed differences normal and malignant cervical cells on Papanicolaou smears.     

用苹果酸通透酶基因的特异性引物进行酒酒球菌快速鉴定

以Oenococcus oeni苹果酸通透酶基因为目标基因,设计了1对特异性引物PmlepL/PmlepR进行酒酒球菌的快速鉴定研究。结果表明,直接以O.oeni的菌落为模板,通过PmlepL/PmlepR引物的PCR扩增,可得到苹果酸通透酶基因的特异性条带;用此特异性引物进行供试乳酸菌的PCR鉴定,所有O.oeni菌系均得到特异性条带,而供试的其他种类乳酸菌未扩增出目标带。引物PmlepL/PmlepR可用于O.oeni的快速PCR鉴定。     

Induction of CD4+ human cytolytic T cells specific for HIV-infected cells by a gp160 subunit vaccine

Cytolytic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses were evaluated in humans immunized with recombinant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV) envelope glycoprotein gp160. Some vaccinees had gp160-specific CTLs that were shown by cloning to be CD4+. Although induced by exogenous antigen, most gp160-specific CTL clones also recognized gp160 synthesized endogenously in target cells. These clones lysed autologous CD4+ T lymphoblasts infected with HIV. Of particular interest were certain vaccine-induced clones that lysed HIV-infected cells, recognized gp160 from diverse HIV isolates, and did not participate in "innocent bystander" killing of noninfected CD4+ T cells that had bound gp120.     

家兔子宫内膜细胞和平滑肌细胞的分离培养及鉴定

为了建立一种高效的子宫细胞分离培养方法,用酶消化、过滤、离心与差速贴壁纯化相结合的方法分离培养家兔子宫细胞,分别以上皮细胞角蛋白、波形蛋白、α-平滑肌肌动蛋白等为抗原的免疫荧光对分离培养的细胞进行鉴定,并采用流式细胞仪分析细胞纯度。结果表明,家兔子宫内膜上皮细胞培养24 h后大部分贴壁,培养3 d左右形成单层细胞集落,呈角蛋白阳性,细胞圆形或椭圆形,胞质呈红色,核呈蓝色,纯度达96%以上;子宫内膜基质细胞培养0.5 h后即有贴壁,培养2 d后呈单层细胞集落状生长,呈波形蛋白阳性,细胞多边形或梭形,胞质呈红色,核呈蓝色,纯度达95%以上;平滑肌细胞培养24 h后大部分贴壁,6~7 d融合成片,呈α-平滑肌肌动蛋白阳性,细胞大都长梭形,胞质呈红色,核呈蓝色,纯度达98%以上。说明该方法能够成功分离并得到高产量、高纯度、高增殖能力的子宫内膜细胞及平滑肌细胞。     

山羊小肠上皮细胞分离培养与鉴定

为研究山羊小肠上皮细胞营养吸收调控及其与肠道微生物之间的关系,提供原代细胞培养模型,采用组织块接种来获得山羊小肠上皮细胞,利用有限稀释法来克隆山羊小肠上皮细胞,并通过细胞形态学以及细胞角蛋白18、波形蛋白、肌间线蛋白和细胞生长曲线来鉴定山羊小肠上皮细胞。结果表明:1)采用组织块接种能够分离纯化得到山羊小肠上皮细胞并稳定传至大约10代;2)RT-PCR检测发现山羊小肠上皮细胞不能够表达波形蛋白和肌间线蛋白;3)在正置显微镜下观察到山羊小肠上皮细胞能够产生细胞角蛋白18绿色荧光。研究发现,培养至第8代的山羊小肠上皮细胞仍然保持着上皮细胞的特征,至10代山羊小肠上皮细胞质变大,细胞几乎无法增殖,细胞开始凋亡。综上所述,采用组织块接种能够获得山羊小肠上皮细胞并正常传至第10代,可为研究山羊小肠上皮细胞营养物质吸收和调控机理提供细胞素材。     

牛肌源性干细胞的培养和鉴定

探讨牛肌源性干细胞(MDSCs)的体外分离、培养、鉴定方法,旨在为牛体细胞核移植研究提供优质的供核细胞。使用胶原酶消化牛骨骼肌,然后采用差速贴壁分离技术纯化获得MDSCs。在倒置显微镜下观察细胞形态,测定生长曲线,分析MDSCs的增殖能力,采用结蛋白(Desmin)、CD34和CD45免疫细胞化学染色对细胞进行鉴定。结果显示,已成功地从牛骨骼肌中分离培养出具有干细胞特征的细胞,该细胞呈Desmin和CD34阳性、CD45阴性。因此,可通过体外原代培养获得高纯度肌源性干细胞。     

鸡脂肪源间充质干细胞的分离与鉴定

【目的】建立鸡脂肪源间充质干细胞的分离与鉴定方法.【方法】用I型胶原酶消化法分离天露黄鸡脂肪间充质干细胞(AMSCs),CCK-8检测细胞生长活力,RT-PCR鉴定其特异性标记物,化学法对其进行成脂和成骨分化诱导.【结果和结论】原代及传代的细胞呈成纤维细胞样形态,并能传代至10代,其活力无明显变化;细胞生长曲线呈S型;RT-PCR检测显示AMSCs的特异性标志物CD71、CD44和CD29表达呈阳性,而属于造血干细胞的特异性标志物CD34和CD45呈阴性;AMSCs通过不同诱导液被成功诱导分化为成骨细胞和脂肪细胞,在成脂分化过程中有脂滴形成,油红O染色呈阳性,过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体基因γ(PPARγ)和脂肪酸基因(FAS)的mRNA表达量升高;在成骨分化过程中有钙结节形成,茜素红染色呈阳性,碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性检测对照组与诱导组比较差异显著(P﹤0.05),ALP基因和骨形态发生蛋白基因(BMP2)的mRNA表达量升高.研究表明,鸡AMSCs具有分化为多种细胞的潜能.     

Antigens specific for human lymphocytic and myeloid leukemia cells: detection by nonhuman primate antiserums

Primate antiserums to human leukemia cells can detect antigens specific for lymphocytic leukemia cells or antigens present on certain myeloid leukemia cells. The antigen specific for lymphocytic leukemia cells is destroyed by treatment with neuraminidase or trypsin. Tryptic digests of lymphocytic leukemia cells contain the antigen, which has a high molecular weight.     

鸡气管黏膜上皮基底细胞的分选与鉴定研究

鸡气管黏膜上皮细胞是IBV和其他禽病原体感染的重要靶细胞。气管黏膜上皮细胞种类多样,不同细胞对病原感染敏感性有差异,研究与比较IBV感染不同种类气管黏膜上皮细胞特性有助于弄清IBV分子感染机制。利用流式细胞仪技术,使用基底细胞特异性抗体从鸡气管黏膜上皮细胞中分选出基底细胞。通过基底细胞培养形态的观察、生长曲线的绘制和特异性免疫荧光的鉴定,成功获得能够稳定生长繁殖的高纯度的鸡气管黏膜基底细胞,为今后IBV或其他相关研究奠定技术基础和提供了良好的种子细胞。