桑饲料对肉鸡生长性能及其血浆尿素氮含量的影响

本试验旨在探讨桑饲料对肉鸡生长性能及血浆尿素氮含量的影响。试验选用1日龄艾维茵肉仔鸡588只,随机分为7个处理,每个处理6个重复,每个重复14只鸡。7个试验处理分别为:对照组(不添加桑叶粉);0% 3%组(4～6周龄添加3%桑叶粉);0% 5%组(4～6周龄添加5%桑叶粉);0% 10%组(4～6周龄添加10%桑叶粉);3% 3%组(0～6周龄添加3%桑叶粉);3% 5%组(0～3周龄添加3%桑叶粉,4～6周龄添加5%桑叶粉);3% 10%组(0～3周龄添加3%桑叶粉,4～6周龄添加10%桑叶粉)。试验结果表明,在0～6周龄,0% 10%组和3% 10%组肉鸡的平均日增重显著低于对照组(P<0.05),其他各组差异不显著(P>0.05)。0% 10%组肉鸡日采食量显著低于3% 3%组(P<0.05),其他各组差异不显著(P>0.05)。添加桑饲料的各组肉鸡饲料转化率均显著低于对照组(P<0.05),0% 5%组除外。桑饲料的添加对肉鸡血浆尿素氮含量的影响不显著(P>0.05),但随着桑饲料添加比例的增加,血浆中尿素氮含量有逐渐降低的趋势。可见,就0～6周龄肉仔鸡生长速度而言,不论0～3周龄添加桑饲料与否,4～6周龄的添加量都可以达到5%,但不应超过10%。     

日粮中添加半胱胺对肉鸡生长性状的影响

选择 1日龄 AA肉鸡 6 30羽 ,随机分为 3组。 1组 (对照组 )饲喂基础日粮 ,2、3组分别在基础日粮中添加 2 0 0 mg/ kg、30 0 mg/ kg的半胱胺 (CS)。试验结果表明 :与对照组相比 ,肉鸡 0～ 3周龄时 2 0 0 mg/ kg CS组的平均日增重提高 5 .2 0 % (P<0 .0 5 ) ,30 0 mg/ kg CS组提高 1 .90 % (P>0 .0 5 ) ;4～ 6周龄时 2 0 0 mg/ kg CS组的平均日增重提高 5 .2 7% (P<0 .0 5 ) ,30 0 mg/ kg CS组提高6 .31 % (P<0 .0 5 ) ;全期 (0～ 6周龄 ) 2 0 0 mg/ kg CS组的日增重提高 5 .2 5 % (P<0 .0 5 ) ,30 0 mg/ kgCS组提高 5 .0 3% (P<0 .0 5 )     

二氢吡啶(diludin)抗蛋鸡脂肪肝的机理

30周龄罗曼蛋鸡 80 0只 ,随机分为 2组 (每组设 4个重复 ,每个重复 10 0只 ) ,分别饲喂添加二氢吡啶 (diludin) 0、15 0 m g/ kg的玉米豆粕日粮 ,分别于试验 2 0周和 40周采血和屠宰 ,研究了二氢吡啶抗蛋鸡脂肪肝的机制。结果显示 ,日粮中添加二氢吡啶 ,试验鸡于 5 0、70周龄时 ,肝脂率和腹脂率均显著降低 (P<0 .0 5或 P<0 .0 1) ;腹脂激素敏感脂酶 (HSL )活性显著提高 (P<0 .0 5或 P<0 .0 1) ,脂蛋白脂酶 (L PL )活性显著降低 (P<0 .0 5或 P<0 .0 1) ,肝脏中NADPH生成酶 - MDH活性显著降低 (P<0 .0 1) ;血清脂肪酶活性和游离脂肪酸、极低密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量显著提高 (P<0 .0 5或 P<0 .0 1) ;血清甘油三酯含量降低 (P<0 .0 5或 P<0 .0 1) ;血清超氧化物歧化酶和 T3 显著提高 (P<0 .0 5或 P<0 .0 1) ;肝脏、腹脂中环腺苷酸 (c AMP)含量显著提高 (P<0 .0 5 )。上述结果表明 ,二氢吡啶通过促进产蛋中后期蛋鸡肝脏中脂肪的迁移和体脂的分解 ,达到抗脂肪肝效果。     

添加氨基酸对肉鸡屠体成分的影响

为了研究在饲料中添加氨基酸对肉鸡屠体成分的影响,进行了下面两组试验。实验1:以6种饲料为试样:1、以粗蛋白质(CP)20%的玉米—大豆粕为基础饲料,2、在基础饲料中添加0.28%的赖氨酸,或添加0.28%的赖氨酸+0.3%的 DL 蛋氨基的饲料,3、添加3.43%甘氨酸的 CP 含量24%的玉米—大豆粕饲料,4、在饲料3中添加0.28%的赖氨酸+0.3%的蛋氨酸的饲料,5、CP24%的玉米—大豆粕饲料,6、在饲料5中添加0.2%的蛋氨酸的饲料。用上述饲料饲喂4～7周龄的肉鸡,饲喂时间为4周。然后测定7周龄肉鸡屠体的脂肪含量与腹脂量。     

异麦芽寡糖对肉仔鸡生产性能及肠道生理生化指标的影响

试验选用 90 0只雌雄各半 1日龄艾维茵肉鸡分 6组 ,每组 3重复 ,分别在饲料中添加异麦芽寡糖 (IOS) 0 %、0 .1%、0 .2 %和 0 .4 %、金霉素 15 0mg kg及金霉素 15 0mg kg+0 .4 %IOS ,研究了ISO对肉鸡的生产性能及肠道生理和生化指标的影响。IOS和金霉素处理均促进 0～ 3周肉鸡的采食 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,且IOS促进肉鸡采食的作用随添加量的提高而增强。IOS和金霉素处理降低 3周龄肉鸡回肠内容物中挥发性盐基氮含量 (P <0 .0 5 )和盲肠内容物中丙酸含量 (P <0 .0 1)。IOS处理增加 3周龄肉鸡空肠绒毛长度 (P <0 .0 1)。与添加 15 0mg kg金霉素组比较 ,IOS处理提高 3周龄肉鸡盲肠中丁酸含量 (P <0 .0 5 )和空肠绒毛长度 (P <0 .0 1) ,对其它各指标无影响。     

硫代甜菜碱对肉仔鸡生长性能、胴体品质和脂肪代谢的影响

本试验旨在研究日粮中添加硫代甜菜碱(DMPT)对肉仔鸡生长性能,胴体品质和脂肪代谢的影响.选取360只1日龄健康AA肉仔鸡随机分为6组,每组6个重复,每个重复10只鸡,第1～5组为试验组,分别在基础日粮中添加400、800、1 200、1 600、2 000 mg/kg DMPT,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验期为42 d.结果表明:与对照组相比,试验组平均日增重(第2～4组)显著升高(P<0.05),料重比(第2～4组)显著降低(P<0.05),屠体重(第3组)显著升高(P<0.05),腹脂率(第1、3组),肌间脂宽(第3组)和皮脂厚(第2～5组)显著降低(P<0.05);胸肌(第3、4组)和腿肌(第3组)肌内脂肪的含量极显著升高(P<0.01);血清甘油三酯(第3组)、胆同醇(第2、3组)的含量显著降低(P<0.05),游离脂肪酸的含量(第3、4组)、腹脂激素敏感脂肪酶(第2、3组)和血清脂肪酶(第3、4组)活性显著升高(P<0.05).可见,DMPT可促进肉仔鸡生长,改善胴体脂肪分布,而胴体脂肪分布的变化可能与脂肪酶活性的变化有关.     

异麦芽寡糖对肉仔鸡生产性能及肠道生理生化指标的影响

试验选用900只雌雄各半1日龄艾维苗肉鸡分6组,每组3个重复,分别在饲料中添加异麦芽寡糖(IOS)0%、0.1%、0.2%和0.4%、金霉素150mg/kg及金霉素150mg/kg 0.4%IOS,研究了ISO对肉鸡的生产性能及肠道生理和生化指标的影响,IOS和金霉素处理均促进0～3周肉鸡的采食(P<0.05),且IOS促进肉鸡采食的作用随添加量的提高而增强,IOS和金霉素处理降低3周龄肉鸡回肠内容物中挥发性盐基氮含量(P<0.05)和盲肠内容物中丙酸含量(P<0.01)。IOS处理增加3周龄肉鸡空肠绒毛长度(P<0.01)。与添加150mg/kg金霉素组比较,IOS处理提高3周龄肉鸡盲肠中丁酸含量(P<0.05)和空肠绒毛长度(P<0.01),对其他各指标无影响。     

甜菜碱对肉鸭体内脂肪代谢的影响

54 0只 2 1日龄商品代樱桃谷肉鸭根据体重相近、公母各半的原则分成 5个组 ,分别为对照组和 4个甜菜碱处理组。每组 1 0 8只 ( 3 6× 3 ) ,每组设 2个重复 ,每个重复 3 6只。对照组饲粮中不添加甜菜碱 ,试验 1～4组饲粮中甜菜碱的添加量分别为 2 50、50 0、750、1 0 0 0 mg/kg。饲养试验结束后 ,60只被屠宰用于胴体测定(每组 6公、6母 )。结果表明 ,甜菜碱显著降低了肉鸭的腹脂率 ( P <0 .0 5)、皮脂厚 ( P <0 .0 5)和肝脏粗脂肪含量 ( P<0 .0 5) ,明显提高了肉鸭肌间脂肪 ( P<0 .0 5)和胸肌粗脂肪的含量 ( P <0 .0 5)。进一步分析表明 ,在肉鸭饲粮中添加 1 0 0 0 mg/kg甜菜碱显著提高了甜菜碱高半胱氨酸甲基转移酶 ( BHMT)总活力和比活力( P <0 .0 1 )、肝脏游离肉碱含量 ( P <0 .0 1 )和胸肌脂酰肉碱的含量 ( P <0 .0 1 ) ,明显降低了肉鸭腹脂NADPH脂肪生成酶 ( G-6-PD、MDH、ICD)的活性 ( P <0 .0 5) ,显著提高了肉鸭血清中生长激素 ( GH)水平( P <0 .0 1 )。结果揭示 ,甜菜碱通过增强甲基代谢 ,加强了肉碱合成 ,促进了长链脂肪酸β-氧化 ,同时通过刺激 GH分泌 ,抑制脂肪合成酶活性 ,从而对脂肪代谢发生调控作用     

低温对腹水综合征肉鸡自由基代谢的影响

40 0羽 1日龄AA肉鸡 ,14日龄时保优淘弱 ,随机分群 ,其中 10 0羽在正常温度 (2 0℃ )下饲养 ,为对照组 ;15 0羽在低温 (11℃ )环境下饲养设为试验 1组 ,10 0羽低温 (11℃ )环境的试验鸡日粮添加 1%L 精氨酸设为试验 2组 ,用低温单因子诱发肉鸡腹水综合征 ,分别于 3周、4周、5周、6周、7周采集血液和脏器 ,检测自由基 (FR)、丙二醛 (MDA)含量、SOD活性 ,结果表明 :试验 1组 3周龄时的非腹水肉鸡肺脏自由基含量显著高于对照组 (P <0 0 5 ) ,7周龄时的腹水肉鸡肝、肺自由基含量、SOD活性却显著低于对照组 (P <0 0 5 ) ,低温诱发肉鸡腹水综合征时体内产生自由基的过程明显减慢 ,但体内蓄积的MDA含量始终高于相同时间的对照组 (P <0 0 1,P <0 0 5 ) ;试验 2组的肉鸡MDA含量 3周、4周时接近试验 1组的MDA(P >0 0 5 ) ,显著地高于对照组 (P <0 0 1) ,5周、6周、7周时 ,MDA含量降低 ,与对照组比较 ,差异仅显著 (P <0 0 5 )或不显著 (P >0 0 5 ) ,SOD活性始终接近对照组 ,两者差异不显著 (P >0 0 5 ) ,说明日粮添加 1%L 精氨酸 ,能增加机体的抗氧化性能 ,降低体内的自由基含量。     

二甲基-β-丙酸噻啶对肉仔鸡生长性能和免疫机能的影响研究

360只1日龄健康AA肉鸡随机分为6组,每组6个重复(每重复10只),第1～5组分别在基础日粮中添加不同剂量的二甲基-β-丙酸噻啶(DMPT)(添加量分别为:400、800、1200、1600、2000 mg/kg),对照组饲喂基础日粮,研究不同浓度的DMPT对肉仔鸡生长性能和免疫机能的影响.试验期为6周.结果表明:第3组(1200 mg/kg)每周平均日增重(3～6周龄)和平均饲料转化率(4～6周龄)显著高于对照组(P<0.05),并且第4周龄和第6周龄时,新城疫抗体效价和外周血淋巴细胞转化率均显著高于对照组(P<0.05).DMPT在肉仔鸡饲料中的适宜添加量为1200mg/kg.     

白术、微米白术和白术多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道形态及微生态区系的影响

试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。     

Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia

Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Y‐chromosomal variation of local goat breeds of Turkey close to the domestication centre

Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.     

Changes in proportion of canine urinary calculi composed of calcium oxalate or struvite in specimens analyzed from 1981 through 2001

The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.     

Smart Phone Assisted City-scale Wireless Sensor Network Deployment for Transportation System Monitoring

<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems.     

The Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Dairy Cattle in Central Kenya

The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.