共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 156 毫秒
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株型是水稻重要农艺性状,与产量、品质及抗逆性有密切关系。株型改良过去曾对水稻育种发挥了重要作用,未来还将对水稻育种产生深远影响。本文结合沈阳农业大学水稻团队相关工作,从株型的概念、株型育种研究简要回顾、株型生理生态与遗传基础等方面综合评述了水稻株型研究进展,还讨论了水稻株型相关领域存在问题与发展方向。充分利用现代分子生物学相关理论与技术最新研究结果,解析群体与个体、个体器官之间的相互关系及其优化组合模式,明确生理生态基础及其分子调控网络并付诸株型育种实践,有望实现更高水平上全方位的水稻“理想株型”。 相似文献
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水稻株型基因的研究现状及应用前景 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
《分子植物育种》2017,(7)
株型对作物的产量性状有至关重要的意义。良好的株型可以改善作物的受光姿态、通风环境和源库流结构,与产量形成密切相关。株型基因在育种实践的应用是水稻构建理想株型,突破产量瓶颈的关键。随着水稻基因组的测序和现代分子生物技术的快速发展,一些重要的株型基因已经被科学家克隆,它们共同影响着水稻的植株形态。本研究综述了国内外已发表的一些水稻株型基因,对目前水稻株型的研究概况和应用前景做了总结,旨在为水稻改善株型、提高产量提供新思路和新方法。 相似文献
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超高产水稻理想株型的研究进展 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
文章介绍了目前水稻株型存在的主要缺点和国内外水稻育种界提出的几个有代表性的理想株型模式。探讨了适宜浙江省稻区的理想株型,并指出了水稻株型育种中应注意的几个问题。 相似文献
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《分子植物育种》2017,(12)
片是作物光合作用与呼吸作用的重要场所,同时也作为蒸腾作用的主要调节器官。其形态构成与转录因子、激素以及小RNA相关并受其调控,深入探究叶片发育的网络调控机理对高光效育种工作具有非常重要的意义。窄叶性状是叶形态的一种,在超高产株型育种中偏向选择窄叶,窄叶是株型构成非常重要方面,而株型与作物产量又密不可分,因此水稻窄叶作为一种叶型农艺性状,在株型育种中具有非常重要的应用价值。本研究归纳总结了至今为止已定位克隆的水稻窄叶突变体相关基因及其调控机理,并进一步探讨窄叶突变体基因的一因多效型,分析其在育种中的应用,以期为水稻株型育种中叶型性状的选择提供理论依据。 相似文献
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水稻卷叶性状的研究进展及在育种中的应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
目前,水稻叶片卷曲性状已被直接或间接的应用于水稻理想株型育种。研究发现,叶片适度的内卷能使叶片挺直以减少披垂现象的发生,在生长发育后期作用明显,有利于改善水稻基部的受光条件,进而提高植株光能的利用率,实现增产的目的;叶片过度卷曲会产生许多不利的影响,如有效叶面积指数偏小以及光合有效辐射利用率不高等。大量证据表明,叶片卷曲受到体内遗传机制和体外环境因子的双重调节。本文主要综述水稻叶片卷曲的相关研究,包括卷曲效应、形成机制、相关调控基因及其在育种中的利用等,同时探讨了目前水稻卷叶研究中存在的问题,以期能更好地促进卷叶性状在水稻育种中的应用。 相似文献
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叶片是光合作用的重要器官,适度卷曲有利于改善群体光照、提高光能利用率,卷叶基因是培育理想株型的重要资源。为研究控制水稻叶片形态建成的分子机理,从EMS诱变粳稻品种日本晴的M2代中分离了一个叶片向内卷曲的突变体s1-145,该突变体叶绿素含量增高,株高和育性等产量性状正常。遗传分析表明该性状受一对隐性基因控制。利用InDel标记将该基因定位于第2染色体R2-34.70和R2-34.79之间物理距离为90 kb的范围内。本研究结果为该卷叶基因的克隆和功能分析奠定了基础,对水稻株型改良提供了基因资源和育种材料。 相似文献
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水稻超高产育种的实践与思考 总被引:42,自引:2,他引:42
20世纪50年代末广东的籼稻矮化育种,60年代IRRI的“绿色革命”和70年代我国三系杂交籼稻的培育成功,都使水稻每公顷产量成吨增加。前两者高产育种的成功主要是利用了矮秆基因,后者则是利用了杂种优势。在尔后的10~20年里,有利基因的发掘利用和育种途径没有很大的突破,单产徘徊不前。笔者认为,利用籼粳亚种间有利性状的 相似文献
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Strategies employed by dry bean breeders to improve yield include early generation testing, ideotype breeding, selection for
physiological efficiency, and selection based on genotypic performance and combining ability across gene pools of Phaseolus
vulgaris. Ideotype breeding has been successfully deployed to improve yield in navy, pinto and great northern seed types.
The ideotype method is based on an ideal plant architecture to which breeders target their selection. Breeding for physiological
efficiency is important in combining increased biomass, high growth rates and efficient partitioning. Genotypic performance
and combining ability are also critical for yield improvement, since crosses between gene pools can exhibit negative combining
ability and problems with lethality, whereas interracial crosses within the same gene pool exhibit the greatest potential.
Breeders must work within specific constraints for growth habit, maturity, seed quality and disease resistance. A three-tiered
pyramidal breeding strategy is proposed to facilitate yield improvement in dry bean. Breeding of elite, agronomically acceptable
germplasm within the same market class is restricted to the apex of the pyramid. The intermediate level has fewer constraints
and greater access to diverse germplasm. Interracial crosses within the same gene pool are utilized to exploit genetic differences
within adapted material. Extracting genetic diversity from unadapted sources, including wild germplasm and other Phaseolus
species, is conducted at the base of the pyramid. The objective of this breeding strategy is the movement of improved germplasm
towards the apex, using different breeding procedures to optimize improvement at each tier of the breeding pyramid.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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Summary Three populations of Limnanthes alba and five of L. douglasii were investigated for relative growth rates, leaf area index, flowering time, seed and oil yield, seed size and shattering. Within each species the early flowering populations had the highest seed yield. Most accessions developed adequate leaf canopy by the time of onset of flowering.An ideotype for breeding goals could be defined in terms of the characters of L. douglasii var. nivea such as early flowering and high seed yield, provided taller plant stature and reduced seed shattering are incorporated.Domestication and breeding might involve a combination of induced mutation, interspecific hybridization and conventional breeding procedures. 相似文献
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籼糯稻产量性状及育种分析 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
为了提高常规籼糯稻育种和栽培水平及效率,通过相关和通径分析,研究40个早籼糯以及61个晚籼糯新品系和品种的产量性状对产量的效应及其相互关系,并结合育种实践探讨籼糯稻高产育种的主攻方向。结果表明:早籼糯各产量性状除生育期、结实率外均与产量呈极显著或显著正相关,株高、穗长与每穗粒数之间的相关分别达极显著、显著水平,有效穗数对产量贡献最大(46.41%),其次为每穗粒数(34.16%);晚籼糯的每穗粒数、有效穗数与产量的正相关分别达极显著、显著水平,株高与每穗粒数、穗长之间的相关也达显著水平,每穗粒数对产量贡献最大(38.80%),其次为有效穗数(33.80%)。并根据试验结果和育种实践,提出早籼糯稻的育种主攻方向是在一定千粒重基础上重点提高有效穗数,并通过适当提高株高、穗长来增加每穗粒数;晚籼糯稻育种主攻方向是在一定有效穗数的基础上着重提高每穗粒数,并通过增加植株高度来提高穗长和每穗粒数。 相似文献
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寒地早粳花培育种研究进展 总被引:7,自引:3,他引:7
在花药培养技术上,通过49个组合400个幼穗1200个颖花的研究,提出了依据植株和颖花形态判断花粉发育时期的具体指标;通过低温预处理和双态双层法提高花药力的方法。在花培育种遗传规律的研究上,对株高和叶瘟抗性的结果表明:F2的分布倾向于晚熟、高秆及抗病,即倾向于亲本的显性性状,而H2的分布则均匀对称,其中早熟、矮秆及感病植株的比例较F2高。在选择效率上,花培育成的审定品种的选择效率为0.93%,是同期常规育成审定品种选择效率0.28%的3.32倍。通过上述研究培育出了8个花培新品种,并且在品质、抗性、产量等方面表现突出,成为寒地稻区主栽品种,并讨论了水稻花培育种今后的发展方向。 相似文献
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P. Peltonen-Sainio M. Granqvist A. Säynäjärvi 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》1993,171(4):268-273
Contribution of nitrogen (N) and plant breeding to yield formation of oats ( Avena sativa L.) was evaluated with two years'field experiments. These consisted of four Finnish oat cultivars released between 1935 and 1988 and one breeding line. Three rates of N application were used (0, 90, and 120 kg N ha−1 ) and 19 morpho-physiological traits, including maturity class, plant structure and plant stand structure, were assessed.
The modern cultivar out-yielded the old one under low and high N, indicating that return of old varieties into cultivation under low-input conditions is unlikely to be feasible. An oat ideotype for low productivity conditions must be characterized. Furthermore, N contributed more than oat breeding to several traits studies. However, in some cases N appeared to affect the traits measured in a negative manner. Use of N increased production of both above-ground vegetative biomass and panicle weight without changing HI significantly. However, plant breeding slightly reduced the production of vegetative phytomass and increased the grain: straw ratio by 10 %. Moreover, genetic gains in shortening straw length, increasing lodging resistance, and improving BYDV tolerance were partly lost when high rates of N application were used. The contribution of N and oat breeding to other morpho-physiological traits is discussed. 相似文献
The modern cultivar out-yielded the old one under low and high N, indicating that return of old varieties into cultivation under low-input conditions is unlikely to be feasible. An oat ideotype for low productivity conditions must be characterized. Furthermore, N contributed more than oat breeding to several traits studies. However, in some cases N appeared to affect the traits measured in a negative manner. Use of N increased production of both above-ground vegetative biomass and panicle weight without changing HI significantly. However, plant breeding slightly reduced the production of vegetative phytomass and increased the grain: straw ratio by 10 %. Moreover, genetic gains in shortening straw length, increasing lodging resistance, and improving BYDV tolerance were partly lost when high rates of N application were used. The contribution of N and oat breeding to other morpho-physiological traits is discussed. 相似文献